Artículos científicos

URI permanente para esta colecciónhttp://10.0.96.45:4000/handle/11056/14821

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Composition of pelagic fish in commercial landings of the longline fishery in the Costa Rica Pacific during 2015-2021
(Frontiers Media S.A. (Suiza), 2025) Centeno-Chaves, Allison; Marrari, Marina; Arias-Zumbado, Fausto; García-Rojas, Andrea; Mug-Villanueva, Moisés
Abstract. Longline fishing in the Pacific of Costa Rica targets multiple species of large pelagic fishes and faces challenges in assessment due to lack of data. This study analyzes landing data of pelagic fish in this fishery using unconventional statistical methods, to better understand the dynamics and provide recommendations for improving data collection and analysis. Landing data reported during 2015-2021 were examined. A descriptive and comparative analysis of landings was conducted using Spearman correlation tests and Non-Metric Multidimensional Scaling (NMDS) to visualize patterns in catch composition. Permutational Multivariate Analysis of Variance (PERMANOVA) and Similarity Percentage Analysis (SIMPER) were employed to identify significant differences between fleet types, landing ports, months, and years, as well as species contribution to these differences. The annual mean total landing of large pelagic fish was 7531.01 tons, with 39.14% corresponding to sharks, 24.34% to billfish (Istiophoridae and Xiphiidae), 18.05% to mahi-mahi, and 14.94% to tuna. Statistically significant differences were found between fleet types, landing ports, months, and years. Shark landings were the least correlated (rho=0.36) and had the greatest influence on variation by fleet type. An increase in the similarity of catch composition by port since 2015 was observed. In addition, a shift towards increasingly less selective fishing over the study period was evident. Our findings highlight the urgent need for advanced research methodologies to address gaps in data collection for commercial fisheries in Costa Rica. Improving these methods is crucial to ensure that management policies are based on accurate and comprehensive information. Results highlight the need for a comprehensive strategy involving diverse stakeholders to improve our understanding and ensure the sustainability of fisheries and the preservation of marine ecosystems in Costa Rica.
First community level description of rocky reefs at the Cabo Blanco absolute natural reserve on Costa Rica’s Pacific Coast
(Universidad Nacional (Costa Rica), 2025) Jiménez-Solera, Andrés; Arias-Zumbado, Fausto; García-Rojas, Andrea; Cubero-Campos, Yamileth; Ulate-Naranjo, Karol
Abstract. The Cabo Blanco Absolute Natural Reserve (RNACB) is located at the southern end of the Nicoya Peninsula in Costa Rica. This research aimed to provide the first community-level description of rocky reefs within RNACB. Data was collected in June 2018, covering a total area of 1680 m² monitored across six transects at two depths: -5 m and -20 m. A total of 44 macroinvertebrate species were recorded, primarily represented by suspension feeders and filter feeders, mainly including ascidians and octocorals, as well as 48 fish species, notably dominated by macroinvertivore species such as surgeonfish and parrotfish. The biomass recorded was 4.91 tons.ha-1, with the highest values predominantly observed at deeper sites. Sessile macroinvertebrates were predominantly found in deeper areas, while mobile organisms showed no specific depth preference. The average biomass of fish was greater in the deeper zones, and in general, RNACB biomass exceeded the expected values for the Costa Rican Pacific.
Microplastic distribution in the marine and freshwater ecosystems of Cocos Island National Park, Costa Rica
(IOP Publishing (Inglaterra), 2025) Astorga, Angelica; Ulate, Karol; Golfin-Duarte, Geiner; Madrigal-Ramirez, Diego; Murillo-Corrales, Markus; García-Rojas, Andrea; Arias-Zumbado, Fausto; Solís-Adolio, Daniela; Chacón, Iria
Abstract. The presence of microplastics (MPs) has been documented in remote sites, including Cocos Island, an oceanic island in the Costa Rican Pacific Ocean, which serves as a temporary home to park rangers, researchers, volunteers, and tourists. While previous investigations have attributed the presence of MPs in the marine environment to ocean currents, doubts have arisen about the sources of MPs in the freshwater ecosystem. This study aimed to analyze the distribution of MPs in both the marine and freshwater ecosystems by collecting water, sediment, and biota samples from both environments. A total of 288 samples were assessed, resulting in the identification of 178 MPs. Statistical analyses revealed a uniform distribution of MPs around the island in both ecosystems, suggesting that the activities carried out by the island's inhabitants do not represent a significant source of MPs. The study also found higher abundance and larger-sized MPs in the marine ecosystem, which was expected. Drawing on findings from other studies in remote areas, sources of MPs in Cocos Island's freshwater ecosystem are likely linked to atmospheric deposition, air-sea exchange, long-range transport, and biovectors. Oceanic insular environments, such as Cocos Island, are particularly vulnerable to plastic pollution as they can retain plastics from adjacent seas through various oceanographic mechanisms. These results underscore the importance of considering microplastics as a planetary boundary threat. Understanding the distribution and sources of MPs in remote and ecologically sensitive areas is crucial for effective conservation and pollution management efforts.
On the Seasonal Cycle of Phytoplankton Bio‐OpticalProperties Inside a Warm Core Ring in the Gulf of Mexico
(John Wiley & Sons (Estados Unidos), 2024) Márquez-Artavia, Amaru; Pallàs‐Sanz, Enric; Tenreiro, M.
Abstract. Four underwater glider missions were carried out to sample the physical and bio‐optical properties inside a Loop Current Eddy (LCE) in the Gulf of Mexico, to investigate whether the winter deepening of the mixed‐layer and erosion of the nitracline stimulates phytoplankton growth. Recent coupled physicalbiogeochemical numerical models support this mechanism, but observations using profiling floats suggest that there is no seasonal cycle on integrated phytoplankton biomass. Here, data collected by underwater gliders during a full seasonal cycle and inside the LCE Poseidon support the idea of an increase in phytoplankton biomass during winter, consistent with nutrient entrainment into the euphotic zone. The changes in fluorescence emission per chlorophyll‐a unit and their implications for interpreting bio‐optical variability were also assessed. Linear regressions between in vivo chlorophyll‐a fluorescence and satellite chlorophyll‐a concentration show the largest (smallest) slopes during winter (summer), suggesting a shift in the phytoplankton community along the year or photoacclimation. Although the glider data set is convolved by temporal and spatial variability, and chlorophyll‐a fluorescence is affected by multiple factors, the concomitant enhancement of particle backscattering coefficient and chlorophyll‐a observed during winter supports the occurrence of a seasonal cycle in phytoplankton biomass. Deep vertical mixing in winter inside the core of the LCE, can promote fertilization through vertical diffusion of nutrients. Poseidon was an extraordinary, large, and strong, LCE that prompted phytoplankton blooms in winter highlighting their relevance for primary production and in general for biogeochemical processes.
Sand consumption by Hoffmann´s two-toed sloth (Choloepus hoffmanni) at Cahuita National Park, Costa Rica
(Asociación Mexicana de Mastozoología A.C. (México), 2023) Duran Apuy, Alejandro; Mora, José Manuel
Abstract. Mineral licking has been reported in most herbivorous mammal taxa; however, the frequency of mineral lick use by Pilosa at ground level in the wild is rare. Hoffmann's two-toed sloth (Choloepus hoffmanni), an herbivorous Pilosa species, is nocturnal and arboreal. We present the first case of saline sand consumption by a Hoffmann's two-toed sloth in Costa Rica. The observations occurred at Cahuita National Park, Limón, Costa Rica, on October 11, 2022, at 21:20 hr. We observed a sloth hanging from the base of a water apple tree (Syzygium malaccense), with its head pointing downward upon discovery. Pictures and notes were taken during the event. The sloth securely suspended itself from a lateral branch of the main tree trunk. In this position, it brought its snout nearly in contact with the ground and proceeded to lick the saline sand several times. The sequence of actions, including suspension from the branch, intermittent licking, and recommencement of climbing, transpired over a span of approximately 5 minutes. The case we present here involves the consumption of saline sand rather than licking of rocks. Our observations were conducted during the nighttime when potential sloth predators are active. Clearly, further foundational research is needed to understand these basic aspects of sloth´s natural history. Mineral licking by sloths might constitute an infrequent conduct, although essential to provide individuals with vital nutrients.
Aves y uso del suelo en el Corredor Biológico Interurbano El Achiote, Costa Rica
(Universidad Estatal a Distancia (Costa Rica), 2023-12) Lindwedel Cruz, Andrew José; Duran Apuy, Alejandro
Resumen. “Aves y uso del suelo en el Corredor Biológico Interurbano El Achiote, Costa Rica”. Introducción: No existen estudios previos sobre el Corredor Biológico Interurbano El Achiote, Costa Rica. Objetivo: Caracterizar las aves y el uso del suelo para mejorar la conectividad funcional del corredor. Métodos: Seleccionamos diez sitios de muestreo (áreas de cañal y cafetal, áreas urbanas, bosque secundario y bosque ribereño) y utilizamos la técnica de conteo de puntos, durante seis meses (100 horas de muestreo y 120 muestras). Determinamos la riqueza y abundancia de aves asociadas a cada tipo de cobertura. Resultados: Identificamos 194 especies de aves. El bosque secundario, las áreas ribereñas y el cafetal tuvieron la mayor diversidad. Los gremios tróficos y el uso del hábitat no estuvieron relacionados con la cobertura, y los insectívoros y frugívoros fueron generalmente dominantes. Conclusión: Las aves de hábitos generalistas predominaron en áreas abiertas y parches de bosque dentro del corredor biológico.
An index to assess the level of vulnerability to crocodiles in coastal communities
(Universidade de São Paulo (Brasil), 2023) Duran Apuy, Alejandro; Mora, José Manuel; Chavarría-Trejos, Rosa; Madrigal- Vargas, Andreina
Abstract. An index to assess the level of vulnerability to crocodiles in coastal communities. Human-wildlife negative interactions are a recurring phenomenon worldwide, originating from the shared habitats and resources between both. In several coastal communities, negative interactions occur due to the presence of the American Crocodile (Crocodylus acutus). We have developed an index to assess the level of vulnerability of communities to this reptile. The construction of this index is based on the Approximate Sustainability Index developed by Gutiérrez-Espeleta in 1994. The Index of Vulnerability (IVU) is built upon several indicators across four parameters: social, biological-environmental, institutional, and spatial. These indicators are assessed using a performance scale and interpretation. The IVU assigns values to the vulnerability condition, which are presented in a color scale corresponding to defined intervals. For each indicator, reference categories and rating scales are represented with traffic light colors and numerical ratings. The IVU value obtained for a community can be visualized with a map and a corresponding figure, including a table of values for the assessed parameters.
Alimentación de la lagartija Hemidactylus frenatus (Squamata: Gekkonidae) en el Parque Nacional Isla del Coco, Costa Rica
(Universidad Estatal a Distancia (Costa Rica), 2016) Villegas-Retana, Sergio A.; Picado-Rossi, Adriana; Duran Apuy, Alejandro
Abstract. Diet of the gecko Hemidactylus frenatus (Squamata: Gekkonidae) in Coco’s Island National Park, Costa Rica. The common house gecko, Hemidactylus frenatus, is a native of Indonesia that has rapidly colonized new environments. Normally it is found in human constructions, but it can also invade natural environments and is causing the displacement and extinction of some native lizards, mostly in oceanic islands. In the Pacific reserve of Isla del Coco (Costa Rica) we captured nine specimens with sticky traps and direct capture. Theridium spp. accounted for 54% of its stomach contents (25,7% were unidentified remains and 18,8% Hymenoptera).
Tamaño corporal de la lagartija Hemidactylus frenatus (Squamata: Gekkonidae) en el Parque Nacional Isla del Coco, Costa Rica
(Universidad Estatal a Distancia (Costa Rica), 2016) Villegas-Retana, Sergio A.; Duran Apuy, Alejandro; Picado-Rossi, Adriana
Abstract. Body size of the gecko, Hemidactylus frenatus (Squamata: Gekkonidae) in the Coco’s Island National Park, Costa Rica. The gecko Hemidactylus frenatus reached Coco’s Island on boats. We captured 21 individuals and found that their snout-cloaca length ranged from 22,30mm to 47,85mm (0,1 g to 3,6 g).
Habilidades Socioemocionales: El caso de docentes de Ciencias Naturales y Matemáticas
(Red Durango de Investigadores Educativos, A.C. (México), 2024) León Léon, Giselle; Durán Apuy, Alejandro; Chavarría Arroyo, Gilberto; Zúñiga Meléndez, Adriana
Resumen. El objetivo de este artículo fue analizar las habilidades socioemocionales de las personas docentes de ciencias naturales y matemáticas, así como en la forma en que estas se vivencian en los procesos educativos. El estudio se realizó desde el enfoque cualitativo dominante. Los sujetos de estudio fueron 36 docentes de ciencias naturales y matemáticas de las Direcciones Regionales de Educación de Nicoya, Sarapiquí, Puntarenas en Costa Rica (es una forma de organización geográfica de los servicios educativos, en nuestro país hay 27). Para recopilar la información, se empleó un cuestionario aplicado en línea y constituido por 14 preguntas abiertas. Se analizaron los datos de manera descriptiva se les dio validez a partir de la triangulación. Entre las principales conclusiones, se indica que las personas participantes de la investigación tienen las habilidades socioemocionales fortalecidas (bienestar emocional, autoimagen, autoconciencia emocional, autoconfianza, trabajo en equipo y resolución de conflictos), sin embargo, para poder lograr aprendizajes significativos y responder a las diferentes demandas del contexto sociocultural (violencia, drogas, poca disponibilidad de recursos, burocracia, entre otros), se están sobrecargando emocional y físicamente.
Conventional MPAs are not as effective as community co-managed areas in conserving top-down control in the Gulf of California
(Universidad Nacional (Costa Rica), 2018-09-27) Ulate, Karol; Alcoverro, Teresa; Arthur, Rohan; Aburto-Oropeza, Octavio; Sánchez, Carlos; Huato, Leonardo
Si bien es innegable su éxito en la protección de los ecosistemas marinos costeros de la sobrepesca, los sistemas marinos convencionales, las reservas a menudo afectan los medios de vida de las comunidades costeras dependientes. Las áreas cogestionadas por la comunidad pueden garantizar considerablemente más capital, pero no está claro si pueden ser tan efectivas como las reservas convencionales en Conservar funciones tróficas críticas. Evaluamos la efectividad de diferentes regímenes de gestión en el Golfo de California sobre la biomasa de peces y los conjuntos de equinodermos como representantes de procesos ecosistémicos clave en costas rocosas. Comparamos múltiples sitios en una mezcla (áreas de usos múltiples con extracción regulada) y núcleo (sin extracción) áreas administradas por el gobierno federal, un AMP militar (donde un patrullaje estricto garantiza que no haya extracción), una reserva coadministrada donde el gobierno y las comunidades son igualmente responsables, y áreas de acceso irrestricto (no AMP). Pez la biomasa fue mayor en la reserva militar y en la reserva del área coadministrada por la comunidad; números de equinodermos fueron muy bajos en estos lugares, lo que sugiere que estaban fuertemente controlados por procesos de arriba hacia abajo. A diferencia de las reservas controladas por el gobierno federal prácticamente no se diferenciaban de las áreas de acceso irrestricto en número o Composición de peces y equinodermos. Aunque las reservas administradas por el gobierno federal son el sistema de gestión más común régimen en todo el Golfo, nuestros datos muestran que son altamente ineficaces para proteger la función del ecosistema. La eficacia relativa de las reservas cogestionadas en esta región sugiere que los pescadores están más dispuestos a cumplir cuando tienen interés en la toma de decisiones. La conservación costera puede beneficiarse enormemente si se aprovecha un conjunto más amplio de opciones de gestión que involucren a las comunidades locales como participantes clave en la gestión de la diversidad marina y funciones críticas del ecosistema.
Ecoregions occupied are more related to diet diversity than body mass in Artibeina bats
(BioOne Digital Library, 2022-02-14) Saldaña-Vázquez, Romeo A.; Villalobos Brenes, Federico; Hernández-Montero, Jesús Rafael; Ferreyra García, Daniel; MOLINA-RODRÍGUEZ, JOSÉ P.
Abstract. Understanding the factors that explain animals' diet diversity is important to comprehend niche partitioning, co-existence, biotic interactions, and the vulnerability of species populations to habitat transformation. Species body mass and their geographical range are positively related to the diversity of food items they consume and consequently with their potential ecological niche occupied. However, the relative weight of these factors to explain diet diversity in mammals is poorly known. Using Artibeina frugivorous bats as a biological model, we evaluate the importance of body mass and ecoregions occupied to explain the diet diversity of these bats. We analyzed our data using phylogenetic correlations and Bayesian statistics techniques. Our results show a stronger phylogenetic correlation between bats' diet diversity with the number of ecoregions they occupied than with their body mass. These results suggest Neotropical frugivorous bats that occupy different habitats had a major possibility to have a higher diet diversity. In addition, these results are related with the 'bottom-up' diet diversity hypothesis that postulates that diet diversity in frugivorous bats is related to ecosystem plant diversity.
Microclimate of developing tubular leaves used as roost sites by bats
(BioOne Digital Library, 2019-05) Pérez - Cárdenas Nathalia; Porras - Brenes, Katherine; Auccacusi-Choque, Leydi V.; Suárez Torres, Joanna Jazmin; Brooks Laverdeza, Rosa María; Chaverri, Gloriana
Abstract. Roosts are critical for the reproduction and survival of bats and many species spend a significant portion of their lives in them; thus, individuals should carefully select sites that reduce predation risk while providing ideal microclimatic conditions. Many studies have determined that bats select warmer and more humid roosts in temperate regions, but few studies have determined if roosts selected by tropical species also provide suitable conditions. In this study we compare temperature and humidity within and outside furled tubular leaves of plants in the order Zingiberales, which are used by several tropical species as roost-sites, to determine if these structures provide microclimatic advantages to bats. We found very small differences between the internal and external temperatures of tubular leaves, and the difference further decreased as leaves developed. However, we found large differences in humidity within the tubular leaf compared to external conditions. which were strongly dependent on a leaf's diameter and genus. The internal humidity was often 20% above the external, particularly when leaves were narrower, and tubular leaves in the genus Heliconia were more humid than those in the genus Calathea. Our findings suggest that. despite being fairly exposed structures, furled tubular leaves provide suitable microclimatic conditions for tropical species.
Activity of aerial insectivorous bats in two rice fields in the northwestern Llanos of Venezuela
(BioOne Digital Library, 2019-05) Azofeifa Romero, Yara; Estrada-Villegas, Sergio; Mavarez, Jesus; Nassar, Jafet
Abstract. Even though agricultural lands provide abundant food to aerial insectivorous bats (AIB), our understanding of how spatio-temporal factors affect their foraging behavior in these habitats is limited and mostly restricted to temperate regions. In this study, we examined species richness, composition and patterns of activity of AIB in rice fields in the northwestern Llanos of Venezuela. Between 2013 and 2014, we conducted acoustic monitoring of AIB in two rice fields with contrasting forest cover, throughout three phases of the life cycle of this crop (vegetative, reproductive, and ripening), during the dry and rainy season. Out of 108 h recorded, we processed 12,630 files and identified 15 species and 10 sonotypes of AIB from families Molossidae, Mormoopidae, Vespertilionidae, Emballonuridae and Noctilionidae. Molossus molossus and Myotis nigricans showed the highest levels of feeding and general activity across species. The index of general activity (IGA) of AIB was higher above rice fields with more surrounding forest cover, during the dry season and throughout the entire life cycle of the plant. Relative feeding activity (RFA) did not change with respect to forest cover, season or crop phase, but a significant effect of the interaction of these factors was observed on this variable. The response of IGA and RFA to forest cover. season or crop phase was different between M. molossus and M. nigricans and among functional groups. Our results indicate that rice fields in the Venezuelan Llanos can be active feeding grounds for open space and edge-habitat foraging species of insect-feeding bats. Forest patches can promote AIB activity by favoring foraging of 'edge' species above rice fields. Higher general activity of most AIB species during the dry season suggests that rice fields are used more intensively when insect populations decrease in semi-deciduous forest patches around them. Overall, our results suggest that availability of abundant feeding areas to AIB, provided by the rice fields, together with presence of artificial and natural roosts to these bats, could ensure year-round permanence of a rich ensemble of AIB in the rice field-forest landscape in the northwestern Llanos of Venezuela. Some of these species could be the subject of field experiments to test their value in the control of rice's insect pest populations.
Serotonin plus spiperone induce ovarian maturation, spawning and potential release of ovarian maturation inducing pheromones in the Pacific white shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei (Penaeidae)
(Elsevier B.V., 2024-09-10) Quesada-Ávila, Isabel; Alfaro-Montoya, Jorge; Umaña-Castro, Rodolfo; Braga, André; Ramírez-Alvarado, Marvin; Ventura, Tomer
Abstract. In this study, we further investigate the hypothesis that serotonin plus spiperone (Ser+Spi) injection induces ovarian maturation and releases ovarian maturation inducing pheromones into the water, thereby stimulating neighboring untreated females. Litopenaeus vannamei females (b.w. = 40.40 ± 5.84 g; n = 120) and males (b.w. = 34.25 ± 4.68 g; n= 90) were divided into three 18-m2 maturation tanks. Each tank contained 40 non-ablated females and 30 males with two treatments per tank. In tank 1, 20 females received a low dose of Ser+Spi (Ser at 25 μg g-1 b.w. and Spi at 2.0 μg g-1 b.w.) along with a control vehicle-injection. In tank 2, 20 females received a high dose of Ser+Spi (Ser at 40 μg g-1 b.w. and Spi at 4.0 μg g-1 b.w.) with the same control vehicle-injection applied to tank 1. In tank 3, unilateral eyestalk ablation (ESA) was performed on 20 females, while 20 control females were maintained non-ablated/injected. The experiment spanned 18 weeks and was divided into three phases. Ovarian maturation was observed in both Ser+Spi-treated and control females, with stages III-IV of maturation occurring one week after injections at both tested doses. Statistical analysis revealed that the average ovarian maturation index (OMI) was significantly higher for the control group in tank 2 (OMI = 0.25), compared to the Ser40+Spi4.0 group. Additionally, control females in tank 1 matured similarly to Ser25+Spi2.0 group (p ≤ 0.05). The control group of tank 3 displayed very low maturation activity (OMI = 0.1). Controls from tanks 1 and 2 exhibited a higher number of mated females and spawning events. These results support the potential of Ser+Spi to induce ovarian maturation and spawning and suggest that Ser+Spi-treated females may release a metabolite into the water that acts as an ovarian maturation inducer for neighboring females.
A multidisciplinary approach using hydrogeochemistry, δ15NNO3 isotopes, land use, and statistical tools in evaluating nitrate pollution sources and biochemical processes in Costa Rican volcanic aquifers
(Elsevier B. V., 2024) Madrigal-Solís, Helga; Vadillo Pérez, Iñaki; Jiménez Gavilán, Pablo; Fonseca Sánchez, Alicia; Calderón Sánchez, Hazel; Gómez - Cruz, Alicia; Herrera-Murillo, Jorge; Pérez-Salazar, Roy
Nitrate pollution threatens the Barva and Colima multi-aquifer system, the primary drinking water source in the Greater Metropolitan Area of Costa Rica. In addressing nitrate contamination dynamics, this study proposes an integrated approach by combining multivariate statistical analyses, hydrochemical parameters, sewage discharge, and regional land-use and land-cover patterns to assess the extent and degree of contamination, dominant biogeochemical processes, and refine the interpretation of nitrate sources previously derived solely from δ15NNO3 information. Over seven years (2015-2022), 714 groundwater samples from 43 sites were analyzed for nitrate and major ions, including two sampling campaigns for dissolved organic and inorganic carbon, nitrite, ammonium, FeTotal, MnTotal, and δ15NNO3 analyses. The findings presented elevated nitrate concentrations in urban and agricultural/urban areas, surpassing the Maximum Concentration Levels on several occasions, and oxidizing conditions favoring mineralization and nitrification processes in unconfined Barva and locally confined Upper Colima/Lower Colima aquifers. Similar nitrate contents and spatial patterns in agricultural and urban zones in the shallow Barva aquifer suggest comparable contributions from nitrogen fertilizers and urban wastewaters despite the gradual increase in urban land cover and the reduction of agricultural areas. Isotopic analyses and dissolved organic carbon (DOC) indicate a shift in nitrate sources from agricultural to urban areas in both Barva and Colima aquifers. Principal Component and Hierarchical Cluster Analyses link land use, nitrate sources, and water quality. Three distinct sample clusters aligned with forest/grassland, agricultural/urban, and urban land use, emphasizing the impact of anthropogenic activities on groundwater quality, even in the deeper Colima aquifers. The study challenges nitrate isotope mixing models, enhancing accuracy in identifying pollution sources and assessing the spatial extent of contamination by incorporating DOC and other hydrochemical parameters. Similar outcomes, with and without the use of nitrate isotopes, reinforce the usefulness of the integrated approach, providing a practical and cost-effective alternative.
New records of hagfishes (Myxini: Myxiniformes: Myxinidae) from the Pacific coast of Costa Rica
(PENSOFT PUBLISHERS, 2015-09-30) Cruz Mena, Oscar Isaac; Angulo, Arturo
A specimen of the Pacifi c hagfi sh, Eptatretus stoutii (Lockington, 1878), 351 mm total length, and four specimens of the whiteface hagfi sh, Myxine circifrons Garman, 1899, 400–545 mm total length, were collected between 1987 and 2010 from off the Pacifi c coast of Costa Rica at depths ranging from 80 to 825 m. The speci men of E. stoutii represents the fi rst record of the species in Costa Rican and Central American waters, as well as a southeast range extension of about 3500 km on the known distribution of the species; the specimens of M. circifrons represents the second documented record of this species in Costa Rican waters. In this paper these new records are reported and discussed; a brief description of the specimens as well as comparative morphometric and meristic data are provided
Novelties in Costa Rican aroids (Araceae) with nomenclatural notes
(Instituto de Ecología, A.C., México, 2020-09-08) Ortiz, Orlando O.; Cedeño Fonseca , Marco Vinicio; Jiménez, José Esteban; López-Mora, Marco; BALDINI, RICCARDO MARIA; Hidalgo, Jairo; López, Marco Antonio; hidalgo, Jairo
Background and Aims: Araceae is a worldwide family of herbaceous plants, most notable for its striking morphological diversity and broad habitat di-versity. It comprises eight subfamilies, 143 genera, and 3667 species. The Central American region has about 780 species, of which 262 are distributedin Costa Rica. In this contribution, we include four new aroid records for the Costa Rican flora belonging to the genera Anthurium, Philodendron, and Spathiphyllum. In addition, nomenclatural aspects of A. myosuroides are discussed.Methods: The new records resulted from fieldwork on Fila Anguciana, Cerro Turrubares, and Volcán Miravalles. The correct taxonomic identity of the species was confirmed based on literature and comparison with herbarium specimens, especially type specimens from the herbaria of the Univer-sidad de Panama (PMA) and the Missouri Botanical Garden (MO), as well as consultation of the JSTOR Global Plants database and the collections of the Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle de Paris (P) online. Descriptions, taxonomic discussions, and figures of the morphological characteristics of the new records are provided.Key results: We present Anthurium roseospadix, A. myosuroides, Philodendron pseudauriculatum and Spathiphyllum dressleri as new records for the Costa Rican flora. Moreover, lectotypification for Pothos myosuroides is proposed.Conclusions: Considering the new records presented in this work, the aroid flora of Costa Rica now comprises 266 species, and the total species numbers for Anthurium, Philodendron, and Spathiphyllum increased to 94, 63, and 10, respectively.Key words:Anthurium, Cerro Turrubares, Fila Anguciana, Flora of Costa Rica, Philodendron, Spathiphyllum, Volcán Miravalles.
Percepción que de la rehabilitación forestal de la zona de protección del río Pirro tienen sus vecinos
(Universidad Nacional (Costa Rica), 2013-12) Villalobos, Ronny; Bermúdez-Rojas, Tania; Romero-Vargas, Marilyn
El incremento de la expansión urbana y el de todas las actividades económicas y asociadas ejercen gran presión sobre el ambiente, en zonas destinadas a la protección y conservación de los recursos hídricos. A fin de disminuir los impactos ejercidos sobre los ecosistemas urbanos, en donde tales recursos se ubican, es necesario conocer la percepción de quienes viven a orillas de los ríos, para que sobre esa base los tomadores de decisiones actúen. En este artículo se da cuenta de un estudio sobre la percepción de los vecinos de río Pirro, en Heredia, y se da especial atención a los aspectos de uso actual y futuro del suelo, en la zona de protección de ese cuerpo de agua, así como a la participación de gobiernos locales y otras instituciones.
Corredor Biológico Interurbano Río Bermúdez para las comunidades de Heredia: Una propuesta de la Universidad Nacional
(Universidad Nacional (Costa Rica), 2019) Romero-Vargas, Marilyn; Bermúdez-Rojas, Tania; Alfaro-Sánchez, Marvin; Durán-Apuy, Alejandro
Costa Rica es reconocida internacionalmente por su política ambiental y sus acciones exitosas en la protección de áreas silvestres (Obando 2007), sin embargo, hay una deuda pendiente asociada a la falta de prioridad ambiental en la forma de planificar la ocupación del suelo (Programa Estado de la Nación 2017). En este sentido, los desafíos que enfrenta el país se centran en los espacios urbanos consolidados, así como aquellos emergentes, donde las problemáticas ambientales van en aumento. Problemáticas como emisiones contaminantes (Herrera et al., 2017), poca gestión de residuos sólidos y poco alcance del tratamiento de aguas residuales (Programa Estado de la Nación 2017), insuficiente cantidad y calidad de áreas verdes urbanas tanto públicas y privadas (Morales- Cerdas et al., 2018; Programa Estado de la Nación, 2017), provocan el deterioro y disminución de los servicios ecosistémicos en la ciudad.

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