Propuesta de mejoras para la implementación del monitoreo de residuos sólidos mediante el PRONAMEC en las Áreas Marinas Protegidas de Costa Rica
Fecha
2024
Autores
Fallas-Flores, Sofía
Abarca-Guerrero, Lilliana
Ulate-Naranjo, Karol
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ISSN de la revista
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Editor
Tecnológico de Costa Rica (TEC) (Costa Rica)
Resumen
Resumen. Los residuos marinos son uno de los mayores retos ambientales a los que se enfrenta actualmente la humanidad. Costa Rica no es la excepción al problema de contaminación marina ya que gran cantidad de riqueza natural marino costera se está viendo afectada. Las Áreas Marinas Protegidas (AMPs) en Costa Rica resguardan una gran variedad de ecosistemas. Desde su creación, se han hecho esfuerzos para la protección de estas áreas y se ha encontrado la necesidad de implementar un plan de monitoreo para evaluar los cambios que se producen en cuanto a su biodiversidad. El Programa Nacional de Monitoreo Ecológico (PRONAMEC) en el Protocolo para Playas Arenosas tiene un indicador de residuos sólidos, no obstante, la información recopilada mediante la aplicación de este aún no se ha reportado de manera oficial, siendo solamente 3 AMPs las que lo han aplicado (Refugio Nacional de Vida Silvestre Playa Hermosa-Punta Mala, Parque Nacional Marino Las Baulas y la Reserva Biológica Isla del Caño). El propósito del estudio fue identificar las acciones necesarias para la implementación del monitoreo de residuos sólidos, mediante el PRONAMEC, en las AMPs del país, en conjunto con lo establecido en el Plan Nacional de Residuos Marinos de Costa Rica (PNRM) 2021-2030, así como proponer mejoras para la aplicación de este, tomando en cuenta las barreras que existen. Se aplicó una encuesta a 15 encargados de AMPs para conocer la situación del monitoreo de residuos. Se tomaron muestras de residuos en algunas AMPs para determinar la facilidad de implementación del protocolo, y se solicitaron registros del indicador de residuos marinos de algunas AMPs que lo han aplicado, para analizarlos y reportarlos junto a los obtenidos en la presente investigación robusteciendo el sistema para la toma de decisiones nacionales.
Abstract. Marine debris is one of the greatest environmental challenges humanity is currently facing. Costa Rica is not the exception to the problem of marine pollution; large coastal marine natural wealth is being affected. The Marine Protected Areas (MPAs) in Costa Rica protect a great variety of ecosystems. Since their creation, efforts have been made to protect these areas and the need has been found to implement a monitoring plan to evaluate the changes that occur in terms of their biodiversity. The National Ecological Monitoring Program (PRONAMEC) aims to generate and disseminate reliable scientific information on the conservation of the country’s biodiversity for local and national decision-making, in terrestrial, continental and marine waters. PRONAMEC in the Protocol for Sandy Beaches has a litter indicator, however, the information collected through its application has not yet been officially reported, with only 3 MPAs having applied it (Refugio Nacional de Vida Silvestre Playa Hermosa-Punta Mala, Parque Nacional Marino Las Baulas y la Reserva Biológica Isla del Caño). The purpose of this article is to report the necessary actions for the implementation of litter monitoring, through PRONAMEC, in the country’s MPAs, overall, with the provisions of the National Marine Waste Plan of Costa Rica (PNRM) 2021- 2030, as well as proposed improvements for its application, considering the barriers that exist. A survey was applied to 15 AMPs managers to determinate the status of litter monitoring. Residue samples were taken in some MPAs to determinate the ease of implementation of the protocol and obtain the first data, and records of marine debris which were requested from some MPAs that have applied it, to analyze and report them together with those obtained in the present investigation, strengthening the system for national decision making.
Abstract. Marine debris is one of the greatest environmental challenges humanity is currently facing. Costa Rica is not the exception to the problem of marine pollution; large coastal marine natural wealth is being affected. The Marine Protected Areas (MPAs) in Costa Rica protect a great variety of ecosystems. Since their creation, efforts have been made to protect these areas and the need has been found to implement a monitoring plan to evaluate the changes that occur in terms of their biodiversity. The National Ecological Monitoring Program (PRONAMEC) aims to generate and disseminate reliable scientific information on the conservation of the country’s biodiversity for local and national decision-making, in terrestrial, continental and marine waters. PRONAMEC in the Protocol for Sandy Beaches has a litter indicator, however, the information collected through its application has not yet been officially reported, with only 3 MPAs having applied it (Refugio Nacional de Vida Silvestre Playa Hermosa-Punta Mala, Parque Nacional Marino Las Baulas y la Reserva Biológica Isla del Caño). The purpose of this article is to report the necessary actions for the implementation of litter monitoring, through PRONAMEC, in the country’s MPAs, overall, with the provisions of the National Marine Waste Plan of Costa Rica (PNRM) 2021- 2030, as well as proposed improvements for its application, considering the barriers that exist. A survey was applied to 15 AMPs managers to determinate the status of litter monitoring. Residue samples were taken in some MPAs to determinate the ease of implementation of the protocol and obtain the first data, and records of marine debris which were requested from some MPAs that have applied it, to analyze and report them together with those obtained in the present investigation, strengthening the system for national decision making.
Descripción
Palabras clave
RESIDUOS SOLIDOS, MONITOREO BIOLÓGICO, AREAS DE RESERVAS, SOLID WASTE, BIOLOGICAL MONITORING, RESERVATION AREAS
