Artículos científicos

URI permanente para esta colecciónhttp://10.0.96.45:4000/handle/11056/14700

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Differentiation strategies in coffee farms: opportunities for Costa Rican growers
(Cambridge University Press, 2022-08-08) Valenciano-Salazar, Jorge A.; André, Francisco J.; Díaz Porras, Rafael.
This study investigates the determinants of coffee prices received by growers in Costa Rica, paying attention to the impact of environmental, regional, quality, and international aspects in a panel data set for the period 2008–2016. We identify three groups of variables that affect domestic coffee prices. Some of them are external to the control of the coffee growers, such as the international price of green coffee or the power of multinationals; others, such as the altitude where the coffee is harvested or the berries' yield, are related to coffee quality but difficult to modify by coffee growers. The focus of our study is on the third group, which refers to differentiation strategies related to environmental certifications. More specifically, we consider two particularly relevant certifications, which are Fairtrade mills and organic coffee. We find that organic coffee berries received higher prices, but Fairtrade mills report lower average prices than other, non-certified, buyers.
Media Coverage of Carbon Neutral Organizations in Costa Rica: environmental Sustainability Practices and Consumer Recognition
(Universidad Nacional, Costa Rica, 2022) Valenciano Salazar, Jorge A; Rivero, Carlos; André, Francisco J.
This paper studies the visibility, environmental sustainability practices, and public recognition of Costa Rican organizations participating in the Carbon Neutrality (CN) Program. Through a review of Costa Rican online newspapers, we conclude that the three main actions performed by CN firms are the offsetting of carbon emissions, the replacement of polluting inputs by cleaner substitutes, and employees’ training. The main benefits perceived by these firms include reducing production costs, improving the organizations’ image, and achieving market differentiation. In addition, by using non-parametric statistic procedures, we conclude that “highly cited organizations” tend to achieve the CN certification earlier and have a larger number of environmental certifications than “scarcely cited organizations.” By analyzing newspaper coverage data in conjunction with a consumer recognition survey, we determined that “recognized organizations” tend to be the oldest, the largest, and the most cited in the press. In addition, “recognized entities” also tend to obtain the CN certification sooner than unrecognized entities, which means that there is a reward in terms of public recognition for companies that took the risk of being innovative in reducing their carbon footprint.
Voluntary carbon neutral programs. Adoption and firms’ strategies
(Elsevier Inc., 2022) Valenciano Salazar, Jorge A.; André, Francisco J.
Los programas voluntarios de Carbono Neutral (CN) promueven la reducción de las emisiones de gases de efecto invernadero de sus participantes. El objetivo principal de este artículo es revisar la literatura sobre el comportamiento de las empresas en relación con los programas de CN, prestando especial atención a la decisión de adopción y a las estrategias de las empresas para cumplir con los requisitos de CN. Como objetivo adicional, analizamos la justificación económica de las decisiones de las empresas conectando nuestra revisión de la literatura con un modelo simple basado en la teoría microeconómica estándar de la empresa. Modelamos la decisión de la empresa como un problema de tres etapas que incluye, primero, la adopción (o no) de un programa voluntario de CN; segundo, la selección de estrategias para convertirse en CN (si se adopta el programa); y tercero, las decisiones habituales sobre precio y cantidad en el mercado de productos. El modelo ayuda a comprender algunos resultados encontrados en la literatura, como por qué algunos sectores de actividad son más propensos que otros a adoptar la certificación de CN. También explica por qué estos programas voluntarios tienden a ser adoptados por empresas grandes, innovadoras y más preocupadas por la equidad intergeneracional y la preservación del medio ambiente.

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Examinando Artículos científicos por Autor "André, Francisco J."