Los subsidios al salario como una alternativa de gasto social en Costa Rica: Reflexiones de la aplicación del modelo de fijación de salario y fijación de precio (WS/PS).
Fecha
2022-04-27
Autores
Calderón González, Ariel
Título de la revista
ISSN de la revista
Título del volumen
Editor
Universidad Nacional, Costa Rica
Resumen
La crisis económica causada por la enfermedad de la Covid-19 afectó a todos los sectores de la
población, pero su efecto fue particularmente agresivo en poblaciones vulnerables. La mayor
parte de los países diseñaron alguna política para atender la inminente caída en los ingresos de
los hogares. Particularmente, porque la crisis sanitaria afectó la agrupación social, que en
secuencia afectó la producción y está a su vez el nivel de empleo.
Algunos países, incluído Costa Rica, apostaron por Transferencias Corrientes para poder atender el
faltante de recursos de dichos hogares. Sin embargo, países pertenecientes a la Organización para la
Cooperación y el Desarrollo Económicos (OECD en inglés) implementaron una estrategia diferente, al
utilizar Subsidios de Salario como una medida para promover la producción, pero también para evitar que
las personas se quedarán sin empleo y disminuir el efecto en la demanda agregada.
Esta observación permite abrir el debate sobre el gasto social en Costa Rica e imaginar otros caminos
posibles. Los subsidios de salario pueden ser una herramienta efectiva en el combate de la pobreza, pero
también en el estímulo de la producción. Esta investigación diseña un Subsidio de Salario para el contexto
costarricense, utilizando el modelo de Fijación de Salarios- Fijación de Precios (WS/PS en inglés).
Asimismo, se analiza la perspectiva del sector privado y se demuestra que tiene el potencial de ser
utilizado a gran escala.
Finalmente, en esta investigación no solo se diseña un Subsidio de Salario, sino que se operativiza al
demostrar que existen fuentes de financiamiento sin necesidad de utilizar impuestos nuevos o emitir
deuda, al ser eficiente en la asignación presupuestaria. De la misma manera se esquematiza el camino
legal que debería seguir una herramienta de este tipo, con el propósito de que esta investigación sirva
como una primera aproximación para la potencial aplicación de los subsidios de salario en Costa Rica.
The economic crisis caused by the Covid-19 disease affected all sectors of the population, but its effect was particularly aggressive on vulnerable populations. Most of the countries designed some kind of policy to deal with the imminent drop in household income. Particularly, because the health crisis affected social grouping, which in turn affected production and, in turn, the level of employment. Some countries, including Costa Rica, opted for Current Transfers to be able to attend to the lack of resources of said households. However, countries belonging to the Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) implemented a different strategy, using Wage Subsidies as a measure to promote production, but also to prevent people from becoming unemployed and reduce the effect on aggregate demand. This observation allows us to open the debate on social spending in Costa Rica and imagine other possible paths. Wage subsidies can be an effective tool in combating poverty, but also in stimulating production. This research designs a Wage Subsidy for the Costa Rican context, using the Wage Setting-Pricing (WS/PS) model. Likewise, the perspective of the private sector is analyzed and it is shown that it has the potential to be used on a large scale. Finally, in this research not only is a Salary Subsidy designed, but it is operationalized by demonstrating that there are sources of financing without the need to use new taxes or issue debt, as it is efficient in budget allocation. In the same way, the legal path that a tool of this type should follow is outlined, so that this research serves as a first approximation for the potential application of salary subsidies in Costa Rica.
The economic crisis caused by the Covid-19 disease affected all sectors of the population, but its effect was particularly aggressive on vulnerable populations. Most of the countries designed some kind of policy to deal with the imminent drop in household income. Particularly, because the health crisis affected social grouping, which in turn affected production and, in turn, the level of employment. Some countries, including Costa Rica, opted for Current Transfers to be able to attend to the lack of resources of said households. However, countries belonging to the Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) implemented a different strategy, using Wage Subsidies as a measure to promote production, but also to prevent people from becoming unemployed and reduce the effect on aggregate demand. This observation allows us to open the debate on social spending in Costa Rica and imagine other possible paths. Wage subsidies can be an effective tool in combating poverty, but also in stimulating production. This research designs a Wage Subsidy for the Costa Rican context, using the Wage Setting-Pricing (WS/PS) model. Likewise, the perspective of the private sector is analyzed and it is shown that it has the potential to be used on a large scale. Finally, in this research not only is a Salary Subsidy designed, but it is operationalized by demonstrating that there are sources of financing without the need to use new taxes or issue debt, as it is efficient in budget allocation. In the same way, the legal path that a tool of this type should follow is outlined, so that this research serves as a first approximation for the potential application of salary subsidies in Costa Rica.
Descripción
Palabras clave
COSTA RICA, COVID-19, CRISIS ECONÓMICA, TRABAJO, SALARIOS, GASTO SOCIAL