Artículos Científicos

URI permanente para esta colecciónhttp://10.0.96.45:4000/handle/11056/14635

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American crocodiles (Crocodylus acutus: Reptilia: Crocodilidae) visiting the facilities of a freshwater aquaculture of the Northern Pacific region, Costa Rica, carry tetracycline-resistant Escherichia coli
(Frontiersin.org, 2024-04-05) Mateus Vargas, Rafael Hernán; Arias Pérez, Verónica; Sandoval Hernández, Iván; Hammerl, Jens Andre; Barquero-Calvo, Elías
Apex predators are exposed to antimicrobial compounds and resistant microbes, which accumulate at different trophic levels of the related ecosystems. The study aimed to characterize the presence and the antimicrobial resistance patterns of fecal Escherichia coli isolated from cloacal swab samples obtained from wild-living American crocodiles (Crocodylus acutus) (n = 53). Sampling was conducted within the distinctive context of a freshwater-intensive aquaculture farm in Costa Rica, where incoming crocodiles are temporarily held in captivity before release. Phenotypic antimicrobial susceptibility profiles were determined in all isolates, while resistant isolates were subjected to whole-genome sequencing and bioinformatics analyses. In total, 24 samples contained tetracycline-resistant E.coli (45.3%). Isolates carried either tet(A), tet(B), or tet(C) genes. Furthermore, genes conferring resistance to ß-lactams, aminoglycosides, fosfomycin, sulfonamides, phenicol, quinolones, trimethoprim, and colistin were detected in single isolates, with seven of them carrying these genes on plasmids. Genome sequencing further revealed that sequence types, prevalence of antibiotic resistance carriage, and antibiotic resistance profiles differed between the individuals liberated within the next 24 h after their capture in the ponds and those liberated from enclosures after longer abodes. The overall presence of tetracycline-resistant E. coli, coupled with potential interactions with various anthropogenic factors before arriving at the facilities, hinders clear conclusions on the sources of antimicrobial resistance for the studied individuals. These aspects hold significant implications for both the aquaculture farm’s biosecurity and the planning of environmental monitoring programs using such specimens. Considering human-crocodile conflicts from the One Health perspective, the occurrence of antimicrobial resistance underscores the importance of systematical surveillance of antibiotic resistance development in American crocodiles.
Estrategias para el manejo de heridas crónicas complicadas con biopelícula de bacterias multirresistentes en equinos: revisión bibliográfica, diagnóstico y protocolo de tratamiento
(Universidad Nacional, Costa Rica, 2024) Estrada McDermott, Juan Manuel; Vicente Salazar, Yayo; Vargas Arrieta, José; Alpízar Boza, Adriana; Rubí Chacón, Randall; Alfaro Umaña, Edgar; Estrada Pull, Tiffany; Rojas Sánchez, Ernesto; Vindas Bolaños, Rafael; BARQUERO-CALVO, ELIAS; Muñoz Vargas, Lohendy; Estrada Umaña, Manuel
El propósito de este artículo es discutir algunos hechos relevantes hallados en varios casos clínicos de resistencia antibiótica tratados en equinos con la meta de hacer conciencia sobre el problema, revisar la literatura especializada en el tema y proponer alternativas terapéuticas diferentes al uso de los antibióticos disponibles. El tracto fistuloso ejemplifica una herida crónica y se manifiesta como un túnel subcutáneo con egreso a piel que permite la salida de secreción contaminada. Cuando el tracto está infectado con bacterias multirresistentes y presencia de biopelícula entonces el tratamiento médico es bastante más complicado, prolongado en el tiempo y caro debido al costo de procedimientos diagnósticos, manejo veterinario, medicamentos e internamiento hospitalario ocupado en muchos casos, además de que generalmente no se puede efectuar el uso zootécnico esperado para el animal hasta que el mismo sane y su precio se devalúa por la lesión. El rol de las biopelículas bacterianas en heridas con infección crónica es abordado y en vista de la dificultad para identificarlas, se aconseja buscar los signos clínicos específicos sugerentes del problema y aplicar el “Algoritmo Diagnóstico de Percival” para la detección de biopelícula. El tratamiento debería basarse en desbridamiento repetido y aplicación de terapia antimicrobiana tópica, sin recetar antibióticos sistémicos a menos que existan signos de infección generalizada. Se discuten un protocolo de tratamiento para mejorar el manejo de la lesión y la utilización de sustancias antisépticas alternativas a los antibióticos convencionales actuales, además de aplicación de conceptos de UNA SALUD para lidiar con el problema.
Psittacine beak and feather disease in 2 free-living great green macaws: a case report and literature review
(AAVLD, 2025) Olivares, Roberto W I; Bass, Laura G.; Sáenz Bräutigam, Andrés; Sandí Carmiol, Janet; Villada Rosales, Ana M.; Dolz, Gaby; Solórzano Morales, Antony; Zúñiga Moya, María J.; Granados Solano, Roxana; Mc Hale, Brittany; Zúñiga Cortés, Diego S.; Uzal, Francisco A.
Psittacine beak and feather disease (PBFD) is caused by the psittacine beak and feather disease virus (PBFDV; Circoviridae, Circovirus parrot). This disease affects mainly young captive birds, inducing lesions mainly in the skin adnexa and lymphoid organs. Here we report PBFD in 2 free-living great green macaws (Ara ambiguus). The birds were depressed and had lost feathers and body condition. The diagnosis was confirmed by gross lesions and PCR testing in one bird, and by gross and microscopic lesions, PCR testing, viral sequencing, and in situ hybridization in the other bird. Gross lesions in both birds included mild beak discoloration and feather loss. Microscopic lesions in the bird whose tissues were examined histologically included bronchopneumonia and severe lymphoid depletion with intracytoplasmic and intranuclear botryoid inclusion bodies in the cloacal bursa. Sequences of the viral DNA obtained from paraffin-embedded cloacal bursa tissue had 100% nucleotide and 100% amino acid identity with several strains of PBFDV isolated from captive birds in multiple countries. To our knowledge, PBFD has not been reported previously in free-living great green macaws.

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