Artículos científicos

URI permanente para esta colecciónhttp://10.0.96.45:4000/handle/11056/14656

Producción intelectual de las investigadoras e investigadores del CINPE

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Applying integrated valuation of ecosystem services in Latin America: Insights from 21 case studies
(Elsevier B.V., 2019-04) Arias Arévalo, Paola; Galeana Pizaña, José Mauricio; Sarmiento, Miguel; Rincón Ruiz, Alexander; Núñez Hernández, Juan Manuel; Cotler, Helena; Aguado Caso, Mateo; Meli, Paula; Tauro, Alejandra; Ávila Akerberg, Víctor Daniel; Avila Foucat, Veronique; Cardenas, Johanna Paola; Castillo Hernández, Luis Alfonso; Castro, Luis Guillermo; Cerón Hernández, Victor Alfonso; Contreras, Andrea; Deschamps, Jimena; Guillén Oñate, Keila; Hernández-Aguilar, José Antonio; Jimenez, Aldo Daniel; López Mathamba, Luis Ángel; Márquez Pérez, Lizbeth; Moreno Díaz, Mary Luz; Marín Marín, Wilmer; Ochoa, Vivian; Tauro, Alejandra; Díaz Timote, Julián; Tique Cardozo, Luisa Lorena; Trujillo Acosta, Angélica; Waldron, Talía
Recent progress in the ecosystem services (ES) approach has been made through the application of integrated valuations of ecosystem services (IVES), which emphasizes social inclusion and incorporates a plurality of values in ES valuations. Given that most of the empirical experience with IVES practice has been in the Global North, we need to understand this practice in other contexts such as the Global South and Latin America. Based on 21 studies that applied IVES approaches, we evaluated how IVES is being implemented in socio-ecological contexts in Latin America and the challenges and ways forward for implementing it in this region. Leaders of the case studies completed a questionnaire that addressed these questions based on an analytical framework. Our case studies demonstrated advances in: integrating socio-cultural and monetary valuations, developing interdisciplinary and transdisciplinary approaches, communicating results, and providing policy recommendations that go beyond economic incentives. However, more efforts are still needed to engage some of the social actors, integrate ecological values, and address value trade-offs and power relations. Challenges and ways forward for implementing IVES approaches can be grouped into five areas: (i) building a culture of transdisciplinary research; (ii) promoting holistic versus split disciplinary valuations; (iii) engaging with environmental and civil society organizations and local leaders; (iv) supporting less powerful social actors and bringing out their voices through the IVES process; and (v) generating new means of communicating multiple perspectives at multiple scales. Our study empirically shows how new paths in socio-ecological contexts in Latin America are opening up to include the complex, conflicting, and diverse views of the importance of nature. We believe that in Latin America, IVES could be framed as participatory action research that empowers less powerful social actors through transdisciplinary and participatory valuation approaches.
Costa Rican Environmental Service Payments: The Use of a Financial Instrument in Participatory Forest Management
(Universidad Nacional, Costa Rica., 2006) Miranda, Miriam; Dieperink, Carel; Glasbergen, Pieter
The core element of the Costa Rican forestry policy is a financial instrument called the environmental service payment. This instrument rewards forest owners for the environmental services (the mitigation of greenhouse gases, the protection of watersheds and scenic beauty, and the development of biodiversity) their forests provide. In this article, the experiences with this new instrument are analyzed by focusing on the way interests are represented and access is granted, the openness of information ex change, whether social learning occurred, and whether decision-making authority is shared. The analysis is based on a survey conducted in the Huetar Norte Region and on in-depth interviews with the major stakeholders. The Costa Rican case indicates that financial instruments can be used to share responsibilities and that stakeholders can suc cessfully cooperate on forest issues. It also shows that such a participatory approach is only promising if certain cul tural, economic, organizational, and political conditions are met.
Crisis económica: migrantes más vulnerables. Casos en Berrien, Michigan
(Universidad Nacional, Costa Rica., 2015) Avendaño, Martha; Rivera, Jenny Maricela; Díaz, Rafael
Este artículo analiza los efectos de la crisis económica estadounidense sobre la calidad de vida de una muestra de migrantes mexicanos en localidades del condado de Berrien, Michigan, a través de factores que influyen en las libertades de movilización (estatus legal), escasas oportunidades de tipo laboral y limitaciones de índole social (seguro de salud, educación superior y percepción sobre la calidad de vida). Mediante una metodología de estudios de casos, se efectuó una intros pección en la vida de las personas para conocer cómo enfrentan los inconvenientes de su estatus legal y su trabajo, bajo una reconstrucción de las condiciones primarias de vida, tipo de empleo, permanencia en el país, motivos de su migración, y cambios anteriores y posteriores a la crisis
How standards compete: comparative impact of coffee certification schemes in Northern Nicaragua
(Universidad Nacional, Costa Rica., 2011) Ruben, Ruerd; Zúñiga Arias, Guillermo
Purpose: Smallholder farmers are increasingly subject to different types of standards that offer specific conditions for their market incorporation. The proliferation of private and voluntary (civic) standards raises questions regarding their impact on farmers' welfare and their role in the upgrading of value chains. This paper aims to address this issue. Design/methodology/approach: Based on extensive fieldwork and careful matching of 315 farmers in Northern Nicaragua who produce coffee under Fair Trade, Rainforest Alliance and Café Practices labels or deliver to independent traders, the effects on income, production and investments are compared. Moreover, the implications of different contract conditions for risk behaviour, organizational force, loyalty and gender attitudes are assessed. Findings: The paper finds that Fair Trade provides better prices compared with independent producers, but private labels out-compete Fair Trade in terms of yield and quality performance. While Fair Trade can be helpful to support initial market incorporation, private labels offer more suitable incentives for quality upgrading. Research limitations/implications: Civic standards exhibit major effects on local institutions' and farmers' behaviour, while B2B standards are more effective for improving production and management practices. Dynamic improvement standards may bridge the gap between both. Practical implications: Fair Trade standards are useful to provide initial market access to small-holders, but private standards offer better prospects for subsequent quality upgrading. Originality/value: This is the first large-scale comparative impact assessment of coffee standards that delivers unbiased empirical results.
Joint implementation in Costa Rica: A case study at the community level
(Universidad Nacional, Costa Rica., 2014-10-03) Lindegaard, Klaus; Segura-Bonilla, Olman
The policy of joint implementation is emerging as a new strategy for implementing global environmental aims, especially with regard to regulating the climate change process, where emission source and sink countries agree to develop a joint program upon a mixed argument of partnership and cost-effectiveness. Pros and cons have emerged during the development of this system. Costa Rica is the first country, together with Norway, to launch such a program jointly, and Costa Rica is also the first country developing Carbon Tradable Offset bonds to be sold on the world market as a new commodity. It is hoped that this initiative will help the country and its inhabitants to create better living conditions and economic growth; however, this new institutional transformation and international acceptance of this new instrument are only just beginning to develop. This, therefore, provides a very interesting field for research from a distinct perspective. We chose to start searching for positive or negative impacts at the community level. In this sense the paper deals with questions such as: What happens at the community level?; Is it possible to realize joint implementation with positive local, social and economic impacts?; and What are the necessary conditions for this to become successful.
Managing quality heterogeneity in the mango supply chain: evidence from Costa Rica
(Universidad Nacional, Costa Rica., 2009) Zúñiga-Arias, Guillermo; Ruben, Ruerd; Van Boekel, Martinus
Quality is a key aspect for evaluating the performance of com modity chains. Quality performance depends on both subjec tive consumer perceptions as well as intrinsic attributes of the product. Supply chain procedures and management activities influence the quality level and may reduce or increase the heterogeneity in product quality. In additional to technologi cal measures, timely access to information on market and management options can be helpful to reduce human-related variability. In this article we present an explorative framework for dis entangling the interactions between different managerial activ ities that have an effect on quality variability in mangoes. We use data dispersion statistics to understand the impact of tech nological and socio-economic factors on heterogeneity in quality performance at different stages of the supply chain. Based on a field survey amongst 51 different agents involved in the mango chain from Costa Rica, information regarding production technologies, agroecological conditions, manage ment intensity, quality control, contracting practices and marketing operations is collected. We also tested randomly 10 mangoes from each agent to analyze the variability in quality attributes, focusing on the ratio between Brix and pH. We find that quality heterogeneity is influenced both by technological variability and by socio-economic diversity. In the mango supply chain from Costa Rica, management differ ences amongst agents vary depending on the upstream and downstream relationships. Agents related to international traders tend to maintain lowest variability in their management practices in order to be able to respond better to consumer de mands. Effective linkages with downstream agents are thus critical to guarantee appropriate incentives for managing qual ity in upstream segments.

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