Productos financieros no tradicionales que utilizan las empresas del sector agropecuario de la región Brunca
Fecha
2024-10-07
Autores
Cascante Cabrera, Luis
Granados Mora, Leidy
López Vargas, Bryan
Segura Romero, Helio
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ISSN de la revista
Título del volumen
Editor
Universidad Nacional, Costa Rica
Resumen
Como elección para optar por la Licenciatura en Administración con énfasis en Gestión Financiera en la Universidad Nacional, se plantea el presente seminario de investigación con el objetivo de analizar el conocimiento y el uso de los productos financieros no tradicionales por parte del sector agropecuario en la región Brunca. Se pretende tener una visión clara de las perspectivas que tienen las empresas sobre el financiamiento no tradicional y cómo puede influir en el desarrollo empresarial. Algunas limitaciones al abarcar la investigación son la falta de estudios previos, así como fuentes recientes y confiables para respaldar el presente trabajo. Asimismo, la desactualización de las bases de datos facilitadas por las municipalidades para contactar a la población de estudio. Además, se debe establecer una confianza eficiente con el encuestado al solicitar información relacionada con el área financiera sobre el tema por investigar. La presente investigación tiene un enfoque mixto, con características cualitativas y cuantitativas; se formularon encuestas y entrevistas para recolectar datos numéricos, verbales y documentales que se relacionan con el estudio. Además, tiene particularidades, tanto descriptivas como exploratorias, porque busca describir con precisión las peculiaridades de la información por investigar y es exploratoria debido al poco conocimiento del tema en la región Brunca. La población de estudio se conforma por empresas que se dedican a actividades económicas productivas, tales como la agricultura, la ganadería, la avicultura, la pesca, la crianza, la explotación de tierras u otras de índole agropecuaria. Estas son compañías consideradas micro, pequeñas o medianas, registradas y con patentes vigentes en las municipalidades de Pérez Zeledón, Buenos Aires, Osa, Golfito, Corredores y Coto Brus. El tamaño de la muestra corresponde a 186 empresas de la región Brunca, pertenecientes al sector agropecuario, la cual se calculó con base en una población de 305 mipymes, con un margen de error del 4.5 % y un nivel de confianza del 95 %. Se emplean métodos de muestreo probabilísticos mediante una técnica por conglomerados, seguida de procedimientos de muestreo aleatorio simple. Según los resultados, la mayor concentración en la antigüedad de las empresas de la región Brunca se encuentra en el rango de 10 años o más. A partir de esto se infiere que en el sector agropecuario la mayor parte de las compañías ya está consolidada y lleva un periodo de operación extenso. La investigación concluye que los productos financieros no tradicionales se ofrecen en la región, sin embargo, no están al alza. Esta línea de financiamiento se utiliza en un canal cuando el cliente la solicita en específico, adaptándose a los requerimientos, mas no como una primera opción en el momento de presentar una propuesta al cliente. Lo anterior se vincula a la inclinación que tienen las entidades financieras por los créditos de consumo, los cuales tienen un margen de ganancia más alto. Entre los obstáculos que presentan estas mipymes para acceder a estos financiamientos no tradicionales se encuentra la informalidad que poseen sus empresas, ya que esto no les permite demostrar la situación financiera que tienen. Por lo tanto, optan por solicitar las líneas tradicionales con requisitos más fáciles, accesibles y rápidos. Cabe mencionar que las mipymes que sí logran acceder a ese tipo de productos financieros prefieren productos como el descuento de facturas, pólizas de caución, fideicomisos y los fondos de avales; estos últimos han tenido una participación más notoria. Los productos financieros no tradicionales tienen un gran potencial para el desarrollo de este sector.
As a choice to opt for the Bachelor's Degree in Administration with emphasis in Financial Management at the National University, this research seminar is proposed with the objective of analyzing the knowledge and use of non-traditional financial products by the agricultural sector in the Brunca region. The objective is to have a clear vision of the perspectives that companies have on non-traditional financing and how it can influence business development. Some limitations of the research are the lack of previous studies, as well as recent and reliable sources to support the present work. Also, the outdatedness of the databases provided by the municipalities to contact the study population. In addition, an efficient trust must be established with the respondent when requesting information related to the financial area on the topic to be investigated. The present research has a mixed approach, with qualitative and quantitative characteristics; surveys and interviews were formulated to collect numerical, verbal and documentary data related to the study. In addition, it has both descriptive and exploratory characteristics, because it seeks to accurately describe the peculiarities of the information to be investigated and it is exploratory due to the lack of knowledge of the subject in the Brunca region. The study population is made up of companies engaged in productive economic activities, such as agriculture, livestock, poultry farming, fishing, breeding, land exploitation or other agricultural activities. These are companies considered micro, small or medium-sized, registered and with patents in force in the municipalities of Pérez Zeledón, Buenos Aires, Osa, Golfito, Corredores and Coto Brus. The sample size corresponds to 186 companies in the Brunca region, belonging to the agricultural sector, which was calculated based on a population of 305 MSMEs, with a margin of error of 4.5% and a confidence level of 95%. Probabilistic sampling methods were used using a clustering technique, followed by simple random sampling procedures. According to the results, the highest concentration in the age of the companies in the Brunca region is in the range of 10 years or more. From this it can be inferred that in the agricultural sector most of the companies are already consolidated and have been operating for a long period of time. The research concludes that non-traditional financial products are offered in the region, however, they are not on the rise. This line of financing is used in a channel when the client specifically requests it, adapting to the requirements, but not as a first option at the time of presenting a proposal to the client. This is linked to the inclination of financial institutions for consumer loans, which have a higher profit margin. Among the obstacles that these MSMEs face in accessing this non-traditional financing is the informality of their companies, since this does not allow them to demonstrate their financial situation. Therefore, they choose to apply for traditional lines with easier, more accessible and faster requirements. It is worth mentioning that MSMEs that do have access to these types of financial products prefer products such as invoice discounting, surety policies, trusts and guarantee funds; the latter have had a more notorious participation. Non-traditional financial products have great potential for the development of this sector.
As a choice to opt for the Bachelor's Degree in Administration with emphasis in Financial Management at the National University, this research seminar is proposed with the objective of analyzing the knowledge and use of non-traditional financial products by the agricultural sector in the Brunca region. The objective is to have a clear vision of the perspectives that companies have on non-traditional financing and how it can influence business development. Some limitations of the research are the lack of previous studies, as well as recent and reliable sources to support the present work. Also, the outdatedness of the databases provided by the municipalities to contact the study population. In addition, an efficient trust must be established with the respondent when requesting information related to the financial area on the topic to be investigated. The present research has a mixed approach, with qualitative and quantitative characteristics; surveys and interviews were formulated to collect numerical, verbal and documentary data related to the study. In addition, it has both descriptive and exploratory characteristics, because it seeks to accurately describe the peculiarities of the information to be investigated and it is exploratory due to the lack of knowledge of the subject in the Brunca region. The study population is made up of companies engaged in productive economic activities, such as agriculture, livestock, poultry farming, fishing, breeding, land exploitation or other agricultural activities. These are companies considered micro, small or medium-sized, registered and with patents in force in the municipalities of Pérez Zeledón, Buenos Aires, Osa, Golfito, Corredores and Coto Brus. The sample size corresponds to 186 companies in the Brunca region, belonging to the agricultural sector, which was calculated based on a population of 305 MSMEs, with a margin of error of 4.5% and a confidence level of 95%. Probabilistic sampling methods were used using a clustering technique, followed by simple random sampling procedures. According to the results, the highest concentration in the age of the companies in the Brunca region is in the range of 10 years or more. From this it can be inferred that in the agricultural sector most of the companies are already consolidated and have been operating for a long period of time. The research concludes that non-traditional financial products are offered in the region, however, they are not on the rise. This line of financing is used in a channel when the client specifically requests it, adapting to the requirements, but not as a first option at the time of presenting a proposal to the client. This is linked to the inclination of financial institutions for consumer loans, which have a higher profit margin. Among the obstacles that these MSMEs face in accessing this non-traditional financing is the informality of their companies, since this does not allow them to demonstrate their financial situation. Therefore, they choose to apply for traditional lines with easier, more accessible and faster requirements. It is worth mentioning that MSMEs that do have access to these types of financial products prefer products such as invoice discounting, surety policies, trusts and guarantee funds; the latter have had a more notorious participation. Non-traditional financial products have great potential for the development of this sector.
Descripción
Licenciatura en administración con énfasis en gestión financiera
Palabras clave
OFERTA, DEMANDA, SERVICIOS BANCARIOS, PRODUCTOS NO TRADICIONALES, SECTOR AGROPECUARIO, FINANCIAMIENTO, OFFER, DEMAND, BANKING SERVICES, NON-TRADITIONAL PRODUCTS, AGRICULTURAL SECTOR, FINANCING