Propuesta metodológica para cuantificar y compensar los servicios agroecosistémicos generados por la aplicación de buenas prácticas agropecuarias
Fecha
2016
Autores
Fallas Henríquez, Andrea
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Editor
Universidad Nacional (Costa Rica). Escuela de Ciencias Ambientales
Resumen
El sector campesino con su producción diversificada es un actor clave en la seguridad
alimentaria y una importante fuente de empleo en las con frecuencia empobrecidas zonas
rurales en los países en desarrollo. Su producción diversificada y menos intensiva, es capaz
de proteger y generar servicios ecosistémicos por los cuales con frecuencia no son
compensados. Sin embargo, sin los apropiados incentivos, su actividad puede tornarse
cada vez menos competitiva y preferible. El objetivo principal de este trabajo fue crear
una herramienta de campo capaz de cuantificar y compensar los servicios
agroecosistémicos (SAgro) generados en fincas agroforestales campesinas en el país, la
cual se desarrolló con base en el trabajo titulado “modelo financiero de cuantificación de
los servicios agroecosistémicos” creado por Lang y Peñarete en el 2012. En el 2013 la
metodología propuesta fue probada por primera vez en el campo, y se determinó que su
aplicación presentaba una serie de debilidades, las cuales demandaban una solución para
el sector campesino del país, el cual a través de la Unión Nacional Agroforestal (UNAFOR)
estaba interesado en contar con herramientas necesarias para proponer un esquema de
pago por servicio ambiental diferenciado para dicho sector. Una importante revisión
bibliográfica, la consulta a expertos, y la evaluación de 50 fincas a nivel nacional donde
también se entrevistaron campesinos, permitieron la generación de una herramienta
científica y técnica más sólida, con formas específicas de medir en el campo servicios
ambientales generados por buenas prácticas agrícolas. En este proceso se estimó que con
una compensación promedio de ₡ 147 946 por hectárea agropecuaria por año se podrían
incentivar la producción o continuación de servicios ecosistémicos a través de buenas
prácticas agrícolas, monto que puede ser usado como elemento para iniciar un proceso de
negociación, el cual representaría un 65% del actualmente monto pagado en la modalidad
de reforestación con especies nativas.
The peasant sector with its diversified production is a key actor in security food and a major source of employment in often impoverished areas rural areas in developing countries. Its diversified and less intensive production is capable to protect and generate ecosystem services for which they are often not compensated. However, without the appropriate incentives, your business can become less and less competitive and preferable. The main objective of this work was to create a field tool capable of quantifying and compensating services agroecosystems (SAgro) generated in peasant agroforestry farms in the country, the which was developed based on the work entitled “financial model of quantification of agroecosystem services ”created by Lang and Peñarete in 2012. In 2013 the The proposed methodology was first tested in the field, and it was determined that its The application presented a series of weaknesses, which demanded a solution to the rural sector of the country, which through the National Agroforestry Union (UNAFOR) was interested in having the necessary tools to propose a scheme of payment for differentiated environmental service for said sector. An important revision bibliography, consultation with experts, and the evaluation of 50 farms nationwide where farmers were also interviewed, they allowed the generation of a tool more solid scientific and technical, with specific ways of measuring services in the field generated by good agricultural practices. In this process it was estimated that with an average compensation of ₡ 147 946 per agricultural hectare per year could be incentivize the production or continuation of ecosystem services through good agricultural practices, an amount that can be used as an element to initiate a process of negotiation, which would represent 65% of the currently paid amount in the modality of reforestation with native species.
The peasant sector with its diversified production is a key actor in security food and a major source of employment in often impoverished areas rural areas in developing countries. Its diversified and less intensive production is capable to protect and generate ecosystem services for which they are often not compensated. However, without the appropriate incentives, your business can become less and less competitive and preferable. The main objective of this work was to create a field tool capable of quantifying and compensating services agroecosystems (SAgro) generated in peasant agroforestry farms in the country, the which was developed based on the work entitled “financial model of quantification of agroecosystem services ”created by Lang and Peñarete in 2012. In 2013 the The proposed methodology was first tested in the field, and it was determined that its The application presented a series of weaknesses, which demanded a solution to the rural sector of the country, which through the National Agroforestry Union (UNAFOR) was interested in having the necessary tools to propose a scheme of payment for differentiated environmental service for said sector. An important revision bibliography, consultation with experts, and the evaluation of 50 farms nationwide where farmers were also interviewed, they allowed the generation of a tool more solid scientific and technical, with specific ways of measuring services in the field generated by good agricultural practices. In this process it was estimated that with an average compensation of ₡ 147 946 per agricultural hectare per year could be incentivize the production or continuation of ecosystem services through good agricultural practices, an amount that can be used as an element to initiate a process of negotiation, which would represent 65% of the currently paid amount in the modality of reforestation with native species.
Descripción
Palabras clave
AGRONOMÍA, DESARROLLO SOSTENIBLE, MANEJO FORESTAL
Citación
Fallas-Henríquez, A. (2016). Propuesta metodológica para cuantificar y compensar los servicios agroecosistémicos generados por la aplicación de buenas prácticas agropecuarias. (Tesis de Licenciatura en Ingeniería en Ciencias Forestales). Universidad Nacional