Evaluación de calidad de agua y riesgo para la gestión del recurso hídrico en asociaciones de acueductos rurales de Nicoya, Santa Cruz y Cañas, provincia de Guanacaste, Costa Rica.
Fecha
2024-02-21
Autores
Morales León, Marianna De La Cruz
Medina Cisnero, Liessel María
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Universidad Nacional, Sede Regional Chorotega, Campus Liberia
Resumen
En el presente proyecto se realizó un estudio de la calidad y el riesgo de contaminación del agua en 10 ASADAS de los cantones de Nicoya, Santa Cruz y Cañas, Guanacaste, de las cuales, se seleccionaron 3 ASADAS que presentaban condiciones particulares asociadas a factores que afectaban su calidad, esto con el fin de realizar un estudio a mayor profundidad y ofrecer alternativas que pudieran mejorar su condición. para ser analizadas a mayor profundidad. Enmarcado en estos esfuerzos, el objetivo general del proyecto fue Evaluar el estado de la calidad y el riesgo de contaminación del agua, como estrategia para el fortalecimiento de la gestión del recurso hídrico en tres Asociaciones de Acueductos Rurales (ASADAS) de Nicoya, Santa Cruz y Cañas, Guanacaste, Costa Rica; estos dedujeron objetivos específicos en donde se determinó la calidad del agua para consumo humano en diez ASADAS, se estimó el riesgo de contaminación en los componentes del sistema de distribución de los acueductos utilizando la metodología de SERSA y se propusieron estrategias de mejora y recomendaciones generales para el fortalecimiento de la gestión del recurso hídrico. En las ASADAS de las comunidades de San Juan de Cañas, El Millal y Cañal Pozo de Agua, Nicoya, se llevaron a cabo talleres de capacitación y fortalecimiento de capacidades donde también fue posible recabar información sobre la calidad del agua y su disponibilidad, se realizaron visitas de campo para la toma de muestras que después fueron llevadas a los laboratorios del HIDROCEC para el correspondiente análisis. También, se realizaron inspecciones sobre los sistemas utilizados por las asociaciones; reflejando entre los resultados, la presencia de aluminio en el agua para consumo en la comunidad de San Juan de Cañas, la falta de un sistema de cloración en la comunidad de El Millal, Nicoya y las necesidades de medición de cloro en la red, evidenciando un sistema obsoleto de desinfección en la red de la ASADA de Cañal de Pozo de Agua. Los resultados que se obtuvieron a partir de este estudio son utilizados para elaborar estrategias y recomendaciones que puedan mejorar las condiciones expuestas. Finalmente, el estudio reveló que, a pesar de problemas comunes en la mayoría de las ASADAS, incluyendo alteraciones en la conductividad, se identificaron riesgos significativos en algunas, particularmente en Cañas y Nicoya, debido a niveles elevados de coliformes fecales y Escherichia Coli. Esto resalta la necesidad crítica de monitorear y mejorar la calidad del agua continuamente. La adopción del instrumento SERSA fue clave para una evaluación precisa de los riesgos sanitarios, mejorando la salud pública y la gestión del agua. El proyecto enfatizó la importancia de la inversión en la mejora de la infraestructura y la educación en las ASADAS, esenciales para la gestión eficaz del agua y el desarrollo sostenible de las comunidades.
In this project, a study was conducted on the quality and risk of water contamination in 10 ASADAS (Rural Aqueduct Associations) in the cantons of Nicoya, Santa Cruz, and Cañas, Guanacaste. Out of these, 3 ASADAS were selected that exhibited conditions associated with factors affecting their water quality. This was done to conduct a more in-depth study and offer alternatives for improving their condition. Within the scope of these efforts, the general objective of the project was to evaluate the state of water quality and contamination risk as a strategy for strengthening the management of water resources in three ASADAS of Nicoya, Santa Cruz, and Cañas, Guanacaste, Costa Rica. Specific objectives were deduced, including determining the water quality for human consumption in ten ASADAS, estimating the risk of contamination in the components of the distribution system using the SERSA methodology, and proposing improvement strategies and general recommendations for the management of water resources. In the ASADAS of the communities of San Juan de Cañas, El Millal, and Cañal Pozo de Agua in Nicoya, training workshops and capacity building were conducted, where information on water quality and availability was also gathered. Field visits were made for sampling, which were later taken to the HIDROCEC laboratories for analysis. Inspections were also carried out on the systems used by the associations; among the findings were the presence of aluminum in the drinking water in the community of San Juan de Cañas, the lack of a chlorination system in El Millal, Nicoya, and the need for chlorine measurement in the network, indicating an obsolete disinfection system in the ASADA of Cañal de Pozo de Agua. The results obtained from this study are used to develop strategies and recommendations to improve the exposed conditions. Finally, the study revealed that, despite common problems in most of the ASADAS, including alterations in conductivity, significant risks were identified in some, particularly in Cañas and Nicoya, due to elevated levels of fecal coliforms and Escherichia Coli. This highlights the critical need to continuously monitor and improve water quality. The adoption of the SERSA instrument was key for a precise evaluation of health risks, improving public health and water management. The project emphasized the importance of investing in infrastructure improvement and education in the ASADAS, essential for effective water management and the sustainable development of the communities.
In this project, a study was conducted on the quality and risk of water contamination in 10 ASADAS (Rural Aqueduct Associations) in the cantons of Nicoya, Santa Cruz, and Cañas, Guanacaste. Out of these, 3 ASADAS were selected that exhibited conditions associated with factors affecting their water quality. This was done to conduct a more in-depth study and offer alternatives for improving their condition. Within the scope of these efforts, the general objective of the project was to evaluate the state of water quality and contamination risk as a strategy for strengthening the management of water resources in three ASADAS of Nicoya, Santa Cruz, and Cañas, Guanacaste, Costa Rica. Specific objectives were deduced, including determining the water quality for human consumption in ten ASADAS, estimating the risk of contamination in the components of the distribution system using the SERSA methodology, and proposing improvement strategies and general recommendations for the management of water resources. In the ASADAS of the communities of San Juan de Cañas, El Millal, and Cañal Pozo de Agua in Nicoya, training workshops and capacity building were conducted, where information on water quality and availability was also gathered. Field visits were made for sampling, which were later taken to the HIDROCEC laboratories for analysis. Inspections were also carried out on the systems used by the associations; among the findings were the presence of aluminum in the drinking water in the community of San Juan de Cañas, the lack of a chlorination system in El Millal, Nicoya, and the need for chlorine measurement in the network, indicating an obsolete disinfection system in the ASADA of Cañal de Pozo de Agua. The results obtained from this study are used to develop strategies and recommendations to improve the exposed conditions. Finally, the study revealed that, despite common problems in most of the ASADAS, including alterations in conductivity, significant risks were identified in some, particularly in Cañas and Nicoya, due to elevated levels of fecal coliforms and Escherichia Coli. This highlights the critical need to continuously monitor and improve water quality. The adoption of the SERSA instrument was key for a precise evaluation of health risks, improving public health and water management. The project emphasized the importance of investing in infrastructure improvement and education in the ASADAS, essential for effective water management and the sustainable development of the communities.
Descripción
Palabras clave
HIDROLOGIA, CALIDAD DEL AGUA, RECURSOS HIDRICOS, ASOCIACIONES, ACUEDUCTOS, ZONAS RURALES, NICOYA (GUANACASTE), SANTA CRUZ (GUANACASTE), CAÑAS (GUANACASTE), COSTA RICA, HYDROLOGY, WATER QUALITY, WATER RESOURCES, PARTNERSHIPS, WATER SUPPLIES, RURAL AREAS