Análisis sobre la metodología utilizada en la Encuesta Nacional de Uso del Tiempo 2017 y 2022: características, limitaciones y potencialidades
Fecha
2024-10-28
Autores
Tenorio Aguilar, Priscilla
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Editor
Universidad Nacional, Costa Rica
Resumen
Esta investigación desarrolla un análisis sobre el modelo metodológico que empleó Costa Rica en la Encuesta Nacional de Uso del Tiempo (ENUT) 2017 y la Encuesta Nacional de Uso del Tiempo (ENUT) 2022, para la identificación de las principales características, potencialidades y limitaciones de le medición de uso del tiempo en el país. El marco teórico partió de los aportes de la economía feminista en cuanto a la construcción social del tiempo y la reconceptualización de trabajo, que permitió problematizar la medición de las desigualdades en la participación del trabajo doméstico, de cuidados, trabajo remunerado y otras actividades cotidianas. La metodología se planteó desde una investigación documental que recolectó información de la ENUT 2017 y ENUT 2022, así como de otras mediciones desarrolladas a escala nacional (módulos y encuestas independientes en regiones específicas del país) y de la región latinoamericana. Además, se desarrollaron entrevistas semiestructuradas a investigadoras nacionales e internacionales expertas en la temática que complementaron la información documental existente. Como parte de los hallazgos de esta investigación se destaca que los esfuerzos del país por realizar mediciones oficiales sobre uso del tiempo de forma periódica mediante la ENUT han permitido adelantos relevantes en cuanto a la visibilización de las desigualdades y brechas de género en la realización de actividades, sobre todo lo referente al trabajo doméstico y de cuidados no remunerado y el tiempo distribuido en cada una de ellas de forma cotidiana. Los avances en el diseño de los instrumentos de recolección, uso de tecnología para la captura, revisión y procesamiento de los datos, capacitaciones y procesos de sensibilización con perspectiva de género han permitido contar con datos de calidad, no obstante, se requiere continuar incursionando en análisis más complejos que incorporen metodologías cualitativas para conocer las percepciones de las personas informantes sobre el tiempo dedicado a las actividades diarias, análisis de tiempos por hogar. Además, otro desafío importante es la medición de la simultaneidad de las actividades, esto por la dificultad que representa su cuantificación principalmente en las actividades relacionadas con el trabajo de los cuidados.
This research analyzes the methodological model used by Costa Rica in the 2017 National Time Use Survey (ENUT) and the 2022 National Time Use Survey (ENUT) to identify the main characteristics, potentialities, and limitations of time use measurement in the country. The theoretical framework was based on the contributions of feminist economics regarding the social construction of time and the reconceptualization of work, which made it possible to problematize the measurement of inequalities in the participation of domestic work, care work, paid work, and other daily activities. The methodology was based on documentary research that collected information from the 2017 and 2022 ENUT, as well as from other measurements developed nationally (modules and independent surveys in specific regions of the country) and in Latin America. In addition, semi-structured interviews were conducted with national and international researchers who are experts on the subject, complementing the existing documentary information. As part of the findings of this research, it is highlighted that the country's efforts to conduct official measurements of time use periodically through the National Unemployment and Workplace (ENUT) have led to significant progress in highlighting gender inequalities and gaps in the performance of activities, especially those related to unpaid domestic and care work and the time allocated to each of these activities on a daily basis. Advances in the design of collection instruments, the use of technology for data capture, review, and processing, and training and awareness-raising processes with a gender perspective have led to the production of quality data. However, further exploration is needed into more complex analyses that incorporate qualitative methodologies to understand respondents' perceptions of the time spent on daily activities, including time analysis by household. Another important challenge is measuring the simultaneity of activities, due to the difficulty of quantifying them, especially in care-related activities.
This research analyzes the methodological model used by Costa Rica in the 2017 National Time Use Survey (ENUT) and the 2022 National Time Use Survey (ENUT) to identify the main characteristics, potentialities, and limitations of time use measurement in the country. The theoretical framework was based on the contributions of feminist economics regarding the social construction of time and the reconceptualization of work, which made it possible to problematize the measurement of inequalities in the participation of domestic work, care work, paid work, and other daily activities. The methodology was based on documentary research that collected information from the 2017 and 2022 ENUT, as well as from other measurements developed nationally (modules and independent surveys in specific regions of the country) and in Latin America. In addition, semi-structured interviews were conducted with national and international researchers who are experts on the subject, complementing the existing documentary information. As part of the findings of this research, it is highlighted that the country's efforts to conduct official measurements of time use periodically through the National Unemployment and Workplace (ENUT) have led to significant progress in highlighting gender inequalities and gaps in the performance of activities, especially those related to unpaid domestic and care work and the time allocated to each of these activities on a daily basis. Advances in the design of collection instruments, the use of technology for data capture, review, and processing, and training and awareness-raising processes with a gender perspective have led to the production of quality data. However, further exploration is needed into more complex analyses that incorporate qualitative methodologies to understand respondents' perceptions of the time spent on daily activities, including time analysis by household. Another important challenge is measuring the simultaneity of activities, due to the difficulty of quantifying them, especially in care-related activities.
Descripción
Licenciatura en Sociología
Palabras clave
DISTRIBUCIÓN DEL TIEMPO, TRABAJO Y EMPLEO, TRABAJO A DOMICILIO, GÉNERO (SEXO), ENCUESTAS, TIME DISTRIBUTION, WORK AND EMPLOYMENT, HOME WORK, GENDER (SEX), ENCUESTAS