Propuesta de diseño de un sistema de tratamiento de aguas residuales para el procesamiento del producto no conforme de una empresa manufacturera de refrescos y cerveza en Barreal de Heredia
Fecha
2022
Autores
Vargas Arias, Alexandra
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Editor
Universidad Nacional, Costa Rica
Resumen
Millones de toneladas de residuos alimentarios se producen año a año en el mundo, ambientalmente esto implica problemas de gran magnitud. Los residuos de producto no conforme (PNC) de la industria gestionados inadecuadamente contribuyen a la contaminación de los cuerpos de agua. El presente trabajo de graduación consistió en diseñar un sistema de tratamiento adecuado para tratamiento el PNC de una empresa productora de cervezas y bebidas. Además, el sistema permitirá aprovechar los subproductos generados del proceso de depuración con el objetivo de incorporar criterios de economía circular y biofactorias.
Para esto se realizó una caracterización fisicoquímica del PNC, se tomaron en total 23 muestras simples en un periodo de 2 meses para lograr obtener una muestra representativa del residuo a tratar. Con los resultados obtenidos se aplicó la matriz de evaluación de Noyola, Morgan-Sagastume y Guereca para determinar qué tipo de tecnología es la más apropiada. Dicha matriz considera criterios técnicos, económicos, ambientales y operacionales.
La tecnología presentada por UASB resultó ser la más apropiada para el tratamiento del PNC de FIFCO, además contribuye a incorporar criterios de economía circular y biofactorias a través del aprovechamiento del biogás, el lodo y el digestato. Técnicamente es más factible que el CSTR debido a que requiere menor espacio de construcción y consume menos energía.
Se diseñó un tren de tratamiento que consistió en un pretratamiento con rejillas de desbaste de 1,0 cm de separación entre barras; tratamiento primario basado en homogenización, adición de nutrientes y neutralización con cal para el incremento del pH de entrada al sistema biológico, el cual consiste en dos reactores UASB en serie, para la hidrólisis y acidogénesis en el primero, así como la acetogénesis y metanogénesis en el segundo.
Millions of tons of food waste are produced every year around the world, which is a major environmental problem. Non-conforming product waste (NCP) from the industry, improperly managed, contributes to the contamination of water bodies. The present graduation work consisted of designing an adequate treatment system to treat the NCP of a beer and beverage company. In addition, the system will allow taking advantage of the by-products generated from the purification process with the objective of incorporating circular economy and biofactories criteria. For this purpose, a physicochemical characterization of the NCP was carried out; a total of 23 simple samples were taken over a period of 2 months in order to obtain a representative sample of the waste to be treated. The results obtained were used to apply the Noyola, Morgan-Sagastume and Guereca evaluation matrix to determine the most appropriate type of technology. This matrix considers technical, economic, environmental and operational criteria. The technology presented by UASB proved to be the most appropriate for the treatment of FIFCO's NCP, and also contributes to incorporate circular economy and biofactories criteria through the use of biogas, sludge and digestate. It is technically more feasible than the CSTR because it requires less construction space and consumes less energy. A treatment train was designed consisting of a pretreatment with roughing screens of 1.0 cm separation between bars; primary treatment based on homogenization, addition of nutrients and neutralization with lime to increase the pH at the entrance to the biological system, which consists of two UASB reactors in series, for hydrolysis and acidogenesis in the first one, as well as acetogenesis and methanogenesis in the second one.
Millions of tons of food waste are produced every year around the world, which is a major environmental problem. Non-conforming product waste (NCP) from the industry, improperly managed, contributes to the contamination of water bodies. The present graduation work consisted of designing an adequate treatment system to treat the NCP of a beer and beverage company. In addition, the system will allow taking advantage of the by-products generated from the purification process with the objective of incorporating circular economy and biofactories criteria. For this purpose, a physicochemical characterization of the NCP was carried out; a total of 23 simple samples were taken over a period of 2 months in order to obtain a representative sample of the waste to be treated. The results obtained were used to apply the Noyola, Morgan-Sagastume and Guereca evaluation matrix to determine the most appropriate type of technology. This matrix considers technical, economic, environmental and operational criteria. The technology presented by UASB proved to be the most appropriate for the treatment of FIFCO's NCP, and also contributes to incorporate circular economy and biofactories criteria through the use of biogas, sludge and digestate. It is technically more feasible than the CSTR because it requires less construction space and consumes less energy. A treatment train was designed consisting of a pretreatment with roughing screens of 1.0 cm separation between bars; primary treatment based on homogenization, addition of nutrients and neutralization with lime to increase the pH at the entrance to the biological system, which consists of two UASB reactors in series, for hydrolysis and acidogenesis in the first one, as well as acetogenesis and methanogenesis in the second one.
Descripción
Licenciatura en Ingeniería en Gestión Ambiental, en la modalidad de proyecto de graduación.
Palabras clave
HEREDIA (COSTA RICA), AGUA, WATER, TRATAMIENTO DE RESIDUOS, WASTE TREATMENT, EMPRESAS, COMPANIES, PLANIFICACIÓN ESTRATÉGICA, STRATEGIC PLANNING, RESIDUOS INDUSTRIALES, INDUSTRIAL WASTE, MÉTODOS, METHODS, ECONOMÍA CIRCULAR, CIRCULAR ECONOMY, HIDRÓLISIS, HYDROLYSIS, BIODEGRADACIÓN, BIODEGRADATION