El convenio bilateral de desarrollo sostenible entre Costa Rica y el Reino de los Países Bajos: un modelo alternativo de cooperación para el desarrollo
Fecha
2001
Autores
Hernández López, María Gabriela
Título de la revista
ISSN de la revista
Título del volumen
Editor
Universidad Nacional, Costa Rica
Resumen
Esta investigación pretende contribuir al análisis de los fundamentos e instrumentos de la cooperación al desarrollo, que caracterizan la cooperación entre Costa Rica y los Países Bajos. Se ha seleccionado como estudio de caso el Convenio Bilateral de Desarrollo Sostenible, firmado por ambos gobiernos en 1994 y ratificando en 1995. Mediante el análisis de los factores externos e internos que motivaron la suscripción de este Convenio, se hace además una reflexión sobre el nuevo escenario de la cooperación en el marco de las transformaciones y la configuración de una sociedad de ámbito mundial. El CBDS responde a un nuevo paradigma del desarrollo: el desarrollo sostenible en una coyuntura internacional con amplios espacios de actuación de las distintas fuerzas sociales, cuya representación internacional se amplía, fortalece y retroalimenta. El sustento teórico de esta investigación permite el análisis dialéctico de estas fuerzas sociales en el marco de un paradigma de conflicto como es el desarrollo sostenible, en donde se constata la carencia misma de un órgano supranacional en el cual confluyan de manera articulada las políticas mundiales para el desarrollo, y no sólo el inicio de un accionar participativo de todos los actores de desarrollo de los niveles comunal, nacional y regional, en el manejo de las políticas y mecanismos para el formulación y ejecución de programas y proyectos. El análisis permite concluir que este modelo además de contemplar el paradigma del desarrollo sostenible como referente para el accionar político de los países involucrados es un “pacto bilateral” aislado que busca ser legitimado por los socios. Así, una vez más, los nuevos paradigmas ponen a prueba el sistema internacional, y un modelo particular como el CBDS debe enfrentar su realidad en forma aislada; lo que demanda mayor esfuerzo político tanto en los espacios internacionales como locales, pues al interior de sus respectivas sociedades los actores participantes deben enfrentar fuerzas y condiciones estructurales y coyunturales, que favorecen u obstaculizan a ese concepto de desarrollo defendido por el modelo CBDS de cooperación recíproca.
This research aims to contribute to the analysis of the foundations and instruments of development cooperation, which characterize the cooperation between Costa Rica and the Netherlands. The Bilateral Agreement on Sustainable Development, signed by both governments in 1994 and ratified in 1995, has been selected as a case study. By analyzing the external and internal factors that motivated the signing of this agreement, a reflection is also made on the new scenario of cooperation within the framework of the transformations and configuration of a global society. The CBDS responds to a new development paradigm: sustainable development in an international context with broad spaces for action by the different social forces, whose international representation is expanding, strengthening and providing feedback. The theoretical basis of this research allows the dialectical analysis of these social forces in the framework of a paradigm of conflict such as sustainable development, where the lack of a supranational body in which world policies for development converge in an articulated manner, and not only the beginning of a participatory action of all development actors at the community, national and regional levels, in the management of policies and mechanisms for the formulation and implementation of programs and projects, is noted. The analysis leads to the conclusion that this model, in addition to contemplating the sustainable development paradigm as a reference for the political action of the countries involved, is an isolated "bilateral pact" that seeks to be legitimized by the partners. Thus, once again, the new paradigms put the international system to the test, and a particular model such as the CBDS must face its reality in isolation, which demands greater political effort in both international and local spaces, since within their respective societies the participating actors must confront structural and circumstantial forces and conditions that favor or hinder the concept of development defended by the CBDS model of reciprocal cooperation.
This research aims to contribute to the analysis of the foundations and instruments of development cooperation, which characterize the cooperation between Costa Rica and the Netherlands. The Bilateral Agreement on Sustainable Development, signed by both governments in 1994 and ratified in 1995, has been selected as a case study. By analyzing the external and internal factors that motivated the signing of this agreement, a reflection is also made on the new scenario of cooperation within the framework of the transformations and configuration of a global society. The CBDS responds to a new development paradigm: sustainable development in an international context with broad spaces for action by the different social forces, whose international representation is expanding, strengthening and providing feedback. The theoretical basis of this research allows the dialectical analysis of these social forces in the framework of a paradigm of conflict such as sustainable development, where the lack of a supranational body in which world policies for development converge in an articulated manner, and not only the beginning of a participatory action of all development actors at the community, national and regional levels, in the management of policies and mechanisms for the formulation and implementation of programs and projects, is noted. The analysis leads to the conclusion that this model, in addition to contemplating the sustainable development paradigm as a reference for the political action of the countries involved, is an isolated "bilateral pact" that seeks to be legitimized by the partners. Thus, once again, the new paradigms put the international system to the test, and a particular model such as the CBDS must face its reality in isolation, which demands greater political effort in both international and local spaces, since within their respective societies the participating actors must confront structural and circumstantial forces and conditions that favor or hinder the concept of development defended by the CBDS model of reciprocal cooperation.
Descripción
Palabras clave
CONVENIOS, COOPERACIÓN INTERNACIONAL, COSTA RICA, HOLANDA, SOSTENIBILIDAD, CONVENTIONS, HOLLAND, INTERNATIONAL COOPERATION, SUSTAINABILITY