Impacto de las políticas públicas financieras y su efecto en el desarrollo del comercio de las PYMES del sector servicio de Pérez Zeledón, periodo 2020-2024
Fecha
2024-11
Autores
Alvarado Rivera, Eleny
Castillo Solís, Hannia Milene
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ISSN de la revista
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Editor
Universidad Nacional, Costa Rica
Resumen
En Costa Rica, las pequeñas y medianas empresas del sector servicios conforman más de la mitad de las empresas que se encuentran registradas, representando un 66 % de todas las PYMES para el año 2019. Ahora bien, Pérez Zeledón no es la excepción, pues para el año 2023 se identificaron 662 empresas registradas ante el Ministerio de Economía, Industria y Comercio, y de ellas 380 se catalogan como de servicios. Por lo que la realización de un estudio para analizar el impacto de las políticas públicas financieras sobre las PYMES del sector servicios del cantón de Pérez Zeledón a través de la normativa costarricense actual y otros medios. Asimismo, es de importancia, pues estas ayudan al desarrollo de la economía del cantón con empleos, reactivando la economía, estableciendo alianzas comerciales que permiten mejorar el desenvolvimiento y la consolidación en el mercado. Así, pues, a partir del análisis se lograron detectar aspectos positivos, pero, también, aquellas deficiencias o limitaciones que se pudieron resaltar con el estudio, lo que dio una llamada de atención a las PYMES, además de a las instancias encargadas de apoyarlas. El estudio se realizó mediante un enfoque cualitativo, con la finalidad de comprender y analizar la influencia de las políticas públicas sobre las PYMES en estudio, para ello, se definieron los alcances descriptivo y explicativo que brindaron la posibilidad de describir y explicar, respectivamente, la situación que presentan las PYMES en relación con el impacto que presentan las políticas públicas sobre estas. Asimismo, se utilizaron las técnicas de recolección de datos revisión documental, entrevista personal y encuesta para finalmente aplicar cuestionarios a 214 PYMES del sector servicios del cantón de Pérez Zeledón y realizar una entrevista a funcionarios expertos de la Municipalidad de Pérez Zeledón y del MEIC. No en vano, al aplicar los instrumentos y analizar los resultados, se obtuvo que no existe un conocimiento adecuado de las diferentes políticas públicas financieras por parte de las PYMES en estudio y que el impacto que estas políticas tuvieron en el periodo de pandemia COVID-19 no fue del todo bueno para estas empresas, debido a que el apoyo de las diferentes instancias gubernamentales fue deficiente, como también existe un bajo porcentaje de PYMES que toman en cuenta las políticas públicas para tomar las decisiones de la empresa.
In Costa Rica, small and medium-sized companies in the service sector make up more than half of the companies that are registered, representing 66% of all SMEs for the year 2019. Now, Pérez Zeledón is no exception, since by the year 2023, 662 companies registered with the Ministry of Economy, Industry and Commerce were identified, and 380 of them are classified as services. Therefore, conducting a study to analyze the impact of public financial policies on SMEs in the service sector in the canton of Pérez Zeledón through current Costa Rican regulations and other means. Likewise, it is important because they help the development of the economy of the canton with jobs, reactivating the economy, establishing commercial alliances that allow improving the development and consolidation in the market. Thus, from the analysis it was possible to detect positive aspects, but also those deficiencies or limitations that could be highlighted with the study, which gave a wake-up call to the SMEs, as well as to the authorities in charge of supporting them. The study was carried out using a qualitative approach, with the purpose of understanding and analyzing the influence of public policies on the SMEs under study. To this end, descriptive and explanatory scopes were defined, which made it possible to describe and explain, respectively, the situation of the SMEs in relation to the impact of public policies on them. Likewise, the data collection techniques used were documentary review, personal interview and survey to finally apply questionnaires to 214 SMEs in the service sector of the canton of Pérez Zeledón and to conduct an interview with expert officials of the Municipality of Pérez Zeledón and the MEIC. Not in vain, when applying the instruments and analyzing the results, it was obtained that there is not an adequate knowledge of the different financial public policies on the part of the SMEs under study and that the impact that these policies had in the COVID-19 pandemic period was not entirely good for these companies, due to the fact that the support of the different governmental instances was deficient, as there is also a low percentage of SMEs that take into account the public policies to make the company's decisions.
In Costa Rica, small and medium-sized companies in the service sector make up more than half of the companies that are registered, representing 66% of all SMEs for the year 2019. Now, Pérez Zeledón is no exception, since by the year 2023, 662 companies registered with the Ministry of Economy, Industry and Commerce were identified, and 380 of them are classified as services. Therefore, conducting a study to analyze the impact of public financial policies on SMEs in the service sector in the canton of Pérez Zeledón through current Costa Rican regulations and other means. Likewise, it is important because they help the development of the economy of the canton with jobs, reactivating the economy, establishing commercial alliances that allow improving the development and consolidation in the market. Thus, from the analysis it was possible to detect positive aspects, but also those deficiencies or limitations that could be highlighted with the study, which gave a wake-up call to the SMEs, as well as to the authorities in charge of supporting them. The study was carried out using a qualitative approach, with the purpose of understanding and analyzing the influence of public policies on the SMEs under study. To this end, descriptive and explanatory scopes were defined, which made it possible to describe and explain, respectively, the situation of the SMEs in relation to the impact of public policies on them. Likewise, the data collection techniques used were documentary review, personal interview and survey to finally apply questionnaires to 214 SMEs in the service sector of the canton of Pérez Zeledón and to conduct an interview with expert officials of the Municipality of Pérez Zeledón and the MEIC. Not in vain, when applying the instruments and analyzing the results, it was obtained that there is not an adequate knowledge of the different financial public policies on the part of the SMEs under study and that the impact that these policies had in the COVID-19 pandemic period was not entirely good for these companies, due to the fact that the support of the different governmental instances was deficient, as there is also a low percentage of SMEs that take into account the public policies to make the company's decisions.
Descripción
Licenciatura en administración con énfasis en gestión financiera
Palabras clave
PYMES, SECTOR SERVICIOS, COMERCIO, COVID-19 (ENFERMEDAD), POLÍTICA PÚBLICA, FINANCIAMIENTO, TOMA DE DECISIONES, LEGISLACIÓN, COSTA RICA, SMES, SERVICE SECTOR, COMMERCE, COVID-19 (DISEASE), PUBLIC POLICY, FINANCING, DECISION MAKING, LEGISLATION