Establecimiento de un método de cromatografía de capa fina de alta resolución (HPTLC) para la determinación de Cannabidiol (CBD) en matrices comerciales presentes en el mercado nacional
Fecha
2024
Autores
Morales Alfaro, Keilor
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Editor
Universidad Nacional (Costa Rica)
Resumen
Resumen. En los últimos años, la formulación y comercialización de productos derivados de cáñamo ha presentado un incremento debido a las propiedades terapéuticas y fisiológicas atribuidas a los fitocompuestos contenidos en la planta, entre los cuales destaca el cannabidiol (CBD) por su actividad en el sistema endocannabinoide humano. Por lo tanto, debido al aumento en la demanda de este tipo de productos, surge la necesidad de disponer de técnicas analíticas adecuadas para brindar controles de calidad a estos productos. En el presente trabajo, se implementó una metodología para la determinación del contenido de CBD en productos derivados de cáñamo por cromatografía de capa fina de alta resolución (HPTLC), para lo cual, se evaluaron los parámetros de desempeño de estabilidad, límites de detección y cuantificación, ámbito, linealidad, especificidad, precisión intermedia, repetibilidad y exactitud. Por su parte, durante la implementación de metodología analítica se analizaron muestras comerciales de aceites enriquecidos con extracto de cáñamo para estudiar el comportamiento de la metodología bajo su uso previsto. De la misma forma, se elaboraron una serie de protocolos y procedimientos para la verificación del correcto desempeño de la técnica y la futura oferta del servicio de análisis. Entre los principales resultados obtenidos se encuentran el cumplimiento satisfactorio de los criterios de aceptación definidos para los parámetros de desempeño evaluados y la detección de que el 80 % de muestras analizadas presentaban diferencias superiores al ± 10 % de la cantidad de CBD descrita por el fabricante en el etiquetado del producto. Adicionalmente se realizó la identificación preliminar de otros fitocannabinoides contenidos en las muestras comerciales analizadas (e.g., CBN y CBG), la confirmación de la presencia de Δ9-THC en líquidos para cigarrillos electrónicos elaborados con CBD, así como el análisis de aceites con CBD cuyo extracto de cáñamo fue aislado del material vegetal dentro del territorio nacional, donde para estas últimas la concentración de CBD no fue detectable.
Con base en los resultados obtenidos, se establece que el método implementado presenta un comportamiento adecuado para la cuantificación de CBD en aceites enriquecidos con extracto de cáñamo por HPTLC. Por su parte, considerando las discrepancias observadas entre la información declarada por los fabricantes en el etiquetado de estos productos y los hallazgos experimentales adquiridos, se evidencia la necesidad de realizar un control de los productos comerciales derivados de cáñamo disponibles en el mercado nacional.
Abstract. In recent years, the formulation and commercialization of hemp-derived products has increased due to the therapeutic and physiological properties attributed to the phytocompounds contained in the plant, among which cannabidiol (CBD) stands out for its activity on the human endocannabinoid system. Therefore, due to the increase in the demand for this type of products, there is a need for adequate analytical techniques to provide quality controls for these products. In the present work, a methodology was implemented for the determination of CBD content in hemp-derived products by high performance thin layer chromatography (HPTLC), for which the performance parameters of stability, limits of detection and quantification, range, linearity, specificity, intermediate precision, repeatability and accuracy were evaluated. During the implementation of the analytical methodology, commercial samples of oils enriched with hemp extract were analyzed to study the behavior of the methodology under its intended use. Likewise, a series of protocols and procedures were developed to verify the correct performance of the technique and the future offer of the analysis service. Among the main results obtained were satisfactory compliance with the acceptance criteria defined for the performance parameters evaluated and the detection that 80% of the samples analyzed showed differences of more than ± 10% of the amount of CBD described by the manufacturer on the product labeling. Additionally, the preliminary identification of other phytocannabinoids contained in the commercial samples analyzed (e.g., CBN and CBG), the confirmation of the presence of Δ9-THC in liquids for electronic cigarettes made with CBD, as well as the analysis of oils with CBD whose hemp extract was isolated from the plant material within the national territory, where for the latter the concentration of CBD was not detectable. Based on the results obtained, it is established that the implemented method presents an adequate behavior for the quantification of CBD in oils enriched with hemp extract by HPTLC. On the other hand, considering the discrepancies observed between the information declared by the manufacturers on the labeling of these products and the experimental findings acquired, it is evident the need to carry out a control of the commercial products derived from hemp available in the national market.
Abstract. In recent years, the formulation and commercialization of hemp-derived products has increased due to the therapeutic and physiological properties attributed to the phytocompounds contained in the plant, among which cannabidiol (CBD) stands out for its activity on the human endocannabinoid system. Therefore, due to the increase in the demand for this type of products, there is a need for adequate analytical techniques to provide quality controls for these products. In the present work, a methodology was implemented for the determination of CBD content in hemp-derived products by high performance thin layer chromatography (HPTLC), for which the performance parameters of stability, limits of detection and quantification, range, linearity, specificity, intermediate precision, repeatability and accuracy were evaluated. During the implementation of the analytical methodology, commercial samples of oils enriched with hemp extract were analyzed to study the behavior of the methodology under its intended use. Likewise, a series of protocols and procedures were developed to verify the correct performance of the technique and the future offer of the analysis service. Among the main results obtained were satisfactory compliance with the acceptance criteria defined for the performance parameters evaluated and the detection that 80% of the samples analyzed showed differences of more than ± 10% of the amount of CBD described by the manufacturer on the product labeling. Additionally, the preliminary identification of other phytocannabinoids contained in the commercial samples analyzed (e.g., CBN and CBG), the confirmation of the presence of Δ9-THC in liquids for electronic cigarettes made with CBD, as well as the analysis of oils with CBD whose hemp extract was isolated from the plant material within the national territory, where for the latter the concentration of CBD was not detectable. Based on the results obtained, it is established that the implemented method presents an adequate behavior for the quantification of CBD in oils enriched with hemp extract by HPTLC. On the other hand, considering the discrepancies observed between the information declared by the manufacturers on the labeling of these products and the experimental findings acquired, it is evident the need to carry out a control of the commercial products derived from hemp available in the national market.
Descripción
Morales Alfaro, K. (2024). Establecimiento de un método de cromatografía de capa fina de alta resolución (HPTLC) para la determinación de Cannabidiol (CBD) en matrices comerciales presentes en el mercado nacional. [Tesis de Licenciatura]. Universidad Nacional, Heredia, Costa Rica.
Palabras clave
CROMATOGRAFÍA, CROMATOGRAFÍA DE CAPA FINA, COMERCIALIZACIÓN, CANNABIS SATIVA, SALUD PÚBLICA, THIN-LAYER CHROMATOGRAPHY, PUBLIC HEALTH