Evaluación del potencial de cepas de hongos marinos aislados de sedimentos de manglar para la obtención de moléculas con actividad antimicrobiana
Fecha
2023
Autores
Sánchez-Vargas, Stephanny
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Editor
Universidad Nacional (Costa Rica)
Resumen
Los hongos marinos son fuente prometedora de nuevos compuestos con potencial biotecnológico al desarrollarse en ambientes únicos y competitivos. Asimismo, la resistencia antimicrobiana es un importante desafío de salud pública y obtener nuevos compuestos es una alternativa para combatirlo, especialmente mediante organismos poco estudiados, como los hongos marinos de manglares de Costa Rica, ya que actualmente su diversidad y potencial biotecnológico permanece desconocida. El objetivo de la investigación fue evaluar mediante ensayos in vitro el potencial de cepas de hongos marinos aislados de sedimentos de manglar para la obtención de moléculas con actividad antimicrobiana. Se aislaron hongos marinos de sedimentos del manglar de Puntarenas, Costa Rica, se caracterizaron morfológicamente y se evaluó su actividad antibacteriana contra patógenos del grupo ESKAPE mediante estimulación con bajas concentraciones de NaCl y en co-cultivo bacteriano. Las 3 cepas con mejores rendimientos se identificaron y se fermentaron en co-cultivo con Staphylococcus aureus y Enterobacter hormaechei. La actividad antimicrobiana de los extractos crudos y los fraccionamientos por RP-HPLC de los cultivos líquidos se evaluó con bacterias ESKAPE y 3 hongos de importancia médica. Además, se generó un análisis bioinformático de genómica comparativa para valorar su potencial metabólico. Se aislaron 21 cepas de hongos marinos con alta diversidad morfológica. La ausencia de NaCl y el co-cultivo estimularon la actividad antibacteriana en 5 aislamientos. Los 3 hongos con mayor actividad se identificaron dentro de los géneros: Penicillium, Aspergillus y Paraconiothyrium, y se detectó actividad antimicrobiana en estimulación por co-cultivo, especialmente en Aspergillus y Penicillium contra Candida albicans. El análisis bioinformático permitió identificar relaciones entre los clusters de genes codificantes a moléculas antimicrobianas. Este estudio representa el primer reporte sobre hongos marinos con actividad antimicrobiana aislados de ecosistemas de manglar en Costa Rica y resalta la importancia de la bioprospección de microorganismos con potencial biotecnológico en ambientes marinos costeros.
Marine fungi are a promising source of new compounds with biotechnological potential as they develop in unique and competitive environments. Likewise, antimicrobial resistance is an important public health challenge and obtaining new compounds is an alternative to combat it, especially through poorly studied organisms, such as marine fungi from Costa Rican mangroves, since their diversity and biotechnological potential currently remain unknown. The objective of the research was to evaluate through in vitro assays the potential of marine fungal strains isolated from mangrove sediments to obtain molecules with antimicrobial activity. Marine fungi were isolated from mangrove sediments of Puntarenas, Costa Rica, characterized morphologically and evaluated for their antibacterial activity against pathogens of the ESKAPE group by stimulation with low concentrations of NaCl and in bacterial co-culture. The 3 best performing strains were identified and fermented in co-culture with Staphylococcus aureus and Enterobacter hormaechei. The antimicrobial activity of crude extracts and RP-HPLC fractionations of liquid cultures was evaluated with ESKAPE bacteria and 3 medically important fungi. In addition, comparative genomics bioinformatics analysis was generated to assess their metabolic potential. Twenty-one marine fungal strains with high morphological diversity were isolated. The absence of NaCl and co-culture stimulated antibacterial activity in 5 isolates. The 3 fungi with the highest activity were identified within the genera Penicillium, Aspergillus and Paraconiothyrium, and antimicrobial activity was detected in co-culture stimulation, especially in Aspergillus and Penicillium against Candida albicans. Bioinformatic analysis allowed the identification of relationships between gene clusters encoding antimicrobial molecules. This study represents the first report on marine fungi with antimicrobial activity isolated from mangrove ecosystems in Costa Rica and highlights the importance of bioprospecting for microorganisms with biotechnological potential in coastal marine environments.
Marine fungi are a promising source of new compounds with biotechnological potential as they develop in unique and competitive environments. Likewise, antimicrobial resistance is an important public health challenge and obtaining new compounds is an alternative to combat it, especially through poorly studied organisms, such as marine fungi from Costa Rican mangroves, since their diversity and biotechnological potential currently remain unknown. The objective of the research was to evaluate through in vitro assays the potential of marine fungal strains isolated from mangrove sediments to obtain molecules with antimicrobial activity. Marine fungi were isolated from mangrove sediments of Puntarenas, Costa Rica, characterized morphologically and evaluated for their antibacterial activity against pathogens of the ESKAPE group by stimulation with low concentrations of NaCl and in bacterial co-culture. The 3 best performing strains were identified and fermented in co-culture with Staphylococcus aureus and Enterobacter hormaechei. The antimicrobial activity of crude extracts and RP-HPLC fractionations of liquid cultures was evaluated with ESKAPE bacteria and 3 medically important fungi. In addition, comparative genomics bioinformatics analysis was generated to assess their metabolic potential. Twenty-one marine fungal strains with high morphological diversity were isolated. The absence of NaCl and co-culture stimulated antibacterial activity in 5 isolates. The 3 fungi with the highest activity were identified within the genera Penicillium, Aspergillus and Paraconiothyrium, and antimicrobial activity was detected in co-culture stimulation, especially in Aspergillus and Penicillium against Candida albicans. Bioinformatic analysis allowed the identification of relationships between gene clusters encoding antimicrobial molecules. This study represents the first report on marine fungi with antimicrobial activity isolated from mangrove ecosystems in Costa Rica and highlights the importance of bioprospecting for microorganisms with biotechnological potential in coastal marine environments.
Descripción
Sánchez Vargas, S. (2023). Evaluación del potencial de cepas de hongos marinos aislados de sedimentos de manglar para la obtención de moléculas con actividad antimicrobiana. [Tesis de Licenciatura]. Heredia, Costa Rica.
Palabras clave
HONGOS, MANGLARES, PUNTARENAS (COSTA RICA), BIOTECNOLOGÍA, FUNGI, MANGROVES