Narrativas históricas, efemérides y formación de ciudadanías críticas en los libros de texto de Estudios Sociales del I ciclo de Educación General Básica
Fecha
2026-07-17
Autores
Calderón Fernández, María Fernanda
Mora Álvarez, Yilda
Navarro Salazar, Krystel Michell
Portuguez Madrigal, Hillary
Título de la revista
ISSN de la revista
Título del volumen
Editor
Universidad Nacional, Costa Rica
Resumen
La tesis analiza las narrativas históricas presentes en las efemérides de los libros de texto Santillana de Estudios Sociales del I Ciclo de Educación General Básica en Costa Rica y su influencia en la formación de ciudadanías críticas. Desde un enfoque cualitativo, paradigma interpretativo y perspectiva construccionista, se examinó el contenido textual, iconográfico y las actividades evaluativas de ediciones 2020 y 2024. Los hallazgos evidencian que predominan narrativas hegemónicas y superficiales, centradas en celebraciones patrióticas, heroísmo nacional, visiones armonizadas del pasado y una representación pasiva de la historia, sin problematizar en conflictos, exclusiones o desigualdades. Asimismo, las actividades evaluativas priorizan la memorización y reproducción de información por encima de la reflexión crítica. En consecuencia, los discursos tienden a promover ciudadanías pasivas o activas limitadas, donde la participación ocurre dentro de márgenes simbólicos. Se concluye la necesidad de reconfigurar las efemérides como espacios pedagógicos críticos, inclusivos y orientados al pensamiento crítico.
This thesis analyzes the historical narratives found in the commemorative events (efemérides) section of Santillana Social Studies textbooks for the First Cycle of General Basic Education in Costa Rica, and their influence on the formation of critical citizenship. Adopting a qualitative approach, an interpretive paradigm, and a constructionist perspective, the study examined the textual and iconographic content as well as the assessment activities in the 2020 and 2024 editions. The findings reveal a predominance of hegemonic and superficial narratives centered on patriotic celebrations, national heroism, sanitized views of the past, and a passive portrayal of history, without addressing conflicts, exclusions, or inequalities. Furthermore, assessment activities prioritize the memorization and reproduction of information over critical reflection. Consequently, these discourses tend to foster passive or limited forms of active citizenship, where participation remains within symbolic boundaries. The study concludes that there is a need to reconfigure these commemorative sections into pedagogical spaces that are inclusive and oriented toward critical thinking.
This thesis analyzes the historical narratives found in the commemorative events (efemérides) section of Santillana Social Studies textbooks for the First Cycle of General Basic Education in Costa Rica, and their influence on the formation of critical citizenship. Adopting a qualitative approach, an interpretive paradigm, and a constructionist perspective, the study examined the textual and iconographic content as well as the assessment activities in the 2020 and 2024 editions. The findings reveal a predominance of hegemonic and superficial narratives centered on patriotic celebrations, national heroism, sanitized views of the past, and a passive portrayal of history, without addressing conflicts, exclusions, or inequalities. Furthermore, assessment activities prioritize the memorization and reproduction of information over critical reflection. Consequently, these discourses tend to foster passive or limited forms of active citizenship, where participation remains within symbolic boundaries. The study concludes that there is a need to reconfigure these commemorative sections into pedagogical spaces that are inclusive and oriented toward critical thinking.
Descripción
Licenciatura en la Enseñanza de Estudios Sociales y Educación Cívica
Palabras clave
LIBROS DE TEXTO, TEXTBOOKS, PENSAMIENTO CRÍTICO, CRITICAL THINKING, ESTUDIOS SOCIALES, SOCIAL STUDIES, CONMEMORACIONES, COMMEMORATIONS, PEDAGOGÍA CRÍTICA, CRITICAL PEDAGOGY
