El acceso al crédito por parte de las MIPYMES en Costa Rica (Período 2002-2007)
Fecha
2008-08
Autores
Sanarrucia Aragón, Jorge Luis
Segura Chacón, Oscar Eduardo
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Editor
Universidad Nacional, Costa Rica
Resumen
Esta investigación se ocupa de la influencia de los créditos dirigidos al sector de las MIPYMES (Micro, pequeña y mediana empresa) de Costa Rica. su propósito consiste en determinar la accesibilidad del crédito que tienen los micro, pequeños y medianos empresarios en el sector financiero formal costarricense, así como mostrar las facilidades y dificultades que este proceso. Este trabajo se desarrolló bajo la modalidad de tesis y su informe final está estructurado en cuatro capítulos a saber: 1. Evolución del programa crediticio dirigido a las MIPYMES y su desarrollo histórico. 2. Análisis de condiciones para acceder a las líneas de crédito dirigidos a las MIPYMES en el sistema financiero formal costarricense. 3. Análisis de la Evaluación de los micro, pequeños y medianos empresarios ante las políticas crediticias de las instituciones que conforman el sector formal costarricense. Las conclusiones más significativas de esta tesis son: 1. Existe una gran concentración de los créditos dirigidos a las MIPYMES en el sector financiero estatal. 2. Las entidades financieras solamente han explotado una pequeña parte del total del mercado MIPYMES. 3. Existe gran cantidad de MIPYMES que no cuentan con crédito, dado que alrededor de a un 50% se lo han denegado, el motivo de la denegación es que no cumplieron con los requisitos que establece la política de crédito de las instituciones financieras en el momento que realizaron la solicitud. 4 La escasez de competencia entre las instituciones financieras dirigidas al sector crediticio de las MIPYMES ha provocado un lento proceso de flexibilización, si se compara con el sector crediticio comercial. En esta investigación se utilizó como instrumento estadístico de recolección de datos una encuesta, la cual se aplicó a las MIPYMES, además de entrevistas personalizadas a la mayoría de las Instituciones financieras estudiadas. La información se complementó con datos publicados en los sitios respectivos de Internet. Así mismo, se consultó bibliografía tradicional.
This research deals with the influence of credits directed to the MSMEs (Micro, small and medium-sized enterprise) sector in Costa Rica. Its purpose is to determine the accessibility of credit that micro, small and medium-sized entrepreneurs have in the formal financial sector of Costa Rica, as well as to show the facilities and difficulties that this process presents. This work was developed under the thesis format and its final report is structured in four chapters, namely: 1. Evolution of the credit program directed to MSMEs and its historical development. 2. Analysis of conditions to access credit lines directed to MSMEs in the formal financial system of Costa Rica. 3. Analysis of the Evaluation of micro, small and medium-sized entrepreneurs in relation to the credit policies of the institutions that make up the formal sector of Costa Rica. The most significant conclusions of this thesis are: 1. There is a great concentration of credits directed to MSMEs in the state financial sector. 2. Financial institutions have only exploited a small part of the total MSME market. 3. There are a large number of MSMEs that do not have credit, since around 50% have been denied credit, the reason for the denial being that they did not comply with the requirements established by the credit policy of the financial institutions at the time they made the request. 4. The lack of competition among financial institutions targeting the MSME credit sector has caused a slow process of flexibility, when compared to the commercial credit sector. In this research, a survey was used as a statistical instrument for data collection, which was applied to MSMEs, in addition to personalized interviews with the majority of the financial institutions studied. The information was complemented with data published on the respective Internet sites. Traditional bibliography was also consulted.
This research deals with the influence of credits directed to the MSMEs (Micro, small and medium-sized enterprise) sector in Costa Rica. Its purpose is to determine the accessibility of credit that micro, small and medium-sized entrepreneurs have in the formal financial sector of Costa Rica, as well as to show the facilities and difficulties that this process presents. This work was developed under the thesis format and its final report is structured in four chapters, namely: 1. Evolution of the credit program directed to MSMEs and its historical development. 2. Analysis of conditions to access credit lines directed to MSMEs in the formal financial system of Costa Rica. 3. Analysis of the Evaluation of micro, small and medium-sized entrepreneurs in relation to the credit policies of the institutions that make up the formal sector of Costa Rica. The most significant conclusions of this thesis are: 1. There is a great concentration of credits directed to MSMEs in the state financial sector. 2. Financial institutions have only exploited a small part of the total MSME market. 3. There are a large number of MSMEs that do not have credit, since around 50% have been denied credit, the reason for the denial being that they did not comply with the requirements established by the credit policy of the financial institutions at the time they made the request. 4. The lack of competition among financial institutions targeting the MSME credit sector has caused a slow process of flexibility, when compared to the commercial credit sector. In this research, a survey was used as a statistical instrument for data collection, which was applied to MSMEs, in addition to personalized interviews with the majority of the financial institutions studied. The information was complemented with data published on the respective Internet sites. Traditional bibliography was also consulted.
Descripción
Palabras clave
ECONOMÍA, CRÉDITO, FINANCIAMIENTO, BANCOS, BANCOS, ECONOMY, CREDIT, FINANCING, BANKS, MIPYMES, MSMEs