La enseñanza de los derechos humanos en la educación superior: una política pública fundamental
Fecha
2025-12-12
Autores
Madrigal Segura, Jose Armando
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Editor
Universidad Nacional, Costa Rica
Resumen
Este ensayo analiza los desafíos actuales de la educación en derechos humanos en América Latina, con especial atención al contexto costarricense, desde una perspectiva pedagógica crítica y jurídica. A pesar del reconocimiento de marcos normativos como la Convención Americana de Derechos Humanos, la región enfrenta crisis estructurales que incluyen retrocesos democráticos, violencia, desigualdad y desconfianza institucional. Frente a esta realidad, se propone que la educación superior asuma un papel transformador, integrando la enseñanza de los derechos humanos como una política pública obligatoria y transversal. La pedagogía liberadora, basada en la reflexión crítica, la acción y el diálogo, se presenta como un modelo idóneo para formar estudiantes capaces de comprender, defender y promover los derechos humanos. El ensayo expone experiencias internacionales y nacionales que revelan tanto las limitaciones del enfoque tradicional de transmisión de conocimientos como la necesidad de estrategias activas, participativas y contextualizadas. Se destaca, además, la urgencia de una formación docente sólida en derechos humanos, así como la creación de currículos universitarios que incorporen esta temática desde una perspectiva ética y transformadora. La educación en derechos humanos debe dejar de ser opcional para convertirse en eje central de la formación universitaria y del fortalecimiento del Estado democrático y social de Derecho.
This essay analyzes the current challenges of human rights education in Latin America, with special attention to the Costa Rican context, from a critical pedagogical and legal perspective. Despite the recognition of regulatory frameworks such as the American Convention on Human Rights, the region faces structural crises that include democratic setbacks, violence, inequality, and institutional mistrust. Faced with this reality, it is proposed that higher education assumes a transformative role, integrating the teaching of human rights as a mandatory and cross-cutting public policy. Liberating pedagogy, based on critical reflection, action, and dialogue, is presented as an ideal model for training students capable of understanding, defending, and promoting fundamental rights. The essay presents international and national experiences that reveal both the limitations of the traditional approach to knowledge transmission and the need for active, participatory, and contextualized strategies. It also highlights the urgent need for solid teacher training in human rights, as well as the creation of university curricula that incorporate this topic from an ethical, legal, and transformative perspective. Human rights education must cease to be optional and become a central component of university education and the strengthening of the democratic and social rule of law.
This essay analyzes the current challenges of human rights education in Latin America, with special attention to the Costa Rican context, from a critical pedagogical and legal perspective. Despite the recognition of regulatory frameworks such as the American Convention on Human Rights, the region faces structural crises that include democratic setbacks, violence, inequality, and institutional mistrust. Faced with this reality, it is proposed that higher education assumes a transformative role, integrating the teaching of human rights as a mandatory and cross-cutting public policy. Liberating pedagogy, based on critical reflection, action, and dialogue, is presented as an ideal model for training students capable of understanding, defending, and promoting fundamental rights. The essay presents international and national experiences that reveal both the limitations of the traditional approach to knowledge transmission and the need for active, participatory, and contextualized strategies. It also highlights the urgent need for solid teacher training in human rights, as well as the creation of university curricula that incorporate this topic from an ethical, legal, and transformative perspective. Human rights education must cease to be optional and become a central component of university education and the strengthening of the democratic and social rule of law.
Descripción
Artículo científico para optar el grado de Maestría en Educación con énfasis en Pedagogía Universitaria
Palabras clave
DERECHOS HUMANOS, ENSEÑANZA SUPERIOR, POLÍTICAS PÚBLICAS, AMÉRICA LATINA, HUMAN RIGHTS, HIGHER EDUCATION, PUBLIC POLICIES