Propuesta de registro contable para productos de inversión alternativos en los portafolios de pensiones de Costa Rica
Fecha
2025-08-01
Autores
Piña Walsh, Daniel Enrique
Fernández Araya, Diego Alejandro
Cabrera Agüero, Gabriel
Molina Hernández, Jean Carlo
Título de la revista
ISSN de la revista
Título del volumen
Editor
Universidad Nacional, Costa Rica
Resumen
La presente investigación, titulada "Propuesta de registro contable para productos de inversión alternativos en los portafolios de pensiones de Costa Rica", aborda un tema de gran relevancia para el sector financiero nacional: la necesidad de adaptar los registros contables a la inclusión de productos de inversión alternativos en los portafolios de los fondos de pensiones. El estudio se enfoca en analizar la situación actual de la normativa contable costarricense, identificar sus limitaciones frente a la evolución del mercado financiero y proponer una solución concreta que permita una gestión más transparente, eficiente y alineada con las mejores prácticas internacionales. El alcance de este trabajo es tanto descriptivo como propositivo. Por un lado, se realiza una caracterización detallada de la problemática que enfrentan las operadoras de pensiones y la Superintendencia de Pensiones (SUPEN) en la contabilización y supervisión de inversiones alternativas. Por otro lado, se desarrolla una propuesta de registro contable que puede ser implementada en el contexto costarricense, considerando la experiencia internacional y las particularidades del mercado local. El interés del equipo investigador en este tema surge de la importancia estratégica que tienen los fondos de pensiones para la estabilidad y el desarrollo económico y social del país. La diversificación de los portafolios, mediante la incorporación de inversiones alternativas, representa una oportunidad para mejorar la rentabilidad y reducir la exposición a riesgos de los afiliados. Sin embargo, la falta de lineamientos contables claros dificulta la transparencia, la comparabilidad y la supervisión efectiva de estos instrumentos. Por ello, el desarrollo de una propuesta específica no solo responde a una necesidad técnica, sino también a un compromiso con la sostenibilidad y la confianza en el sistema de pensiones costarricense.
The present research, titled "Proposal for accounting records for alternative investment products in Costa Rican pension portfolios", addresses an issue of great relevance to the national financial sector: the need to adapt accounting records to the inclusion of alternative investment products in the portfolios of pension funds. The study focuses on analyzing the current situation of Costa Rican accounting regulations, identifying its limitations in the face of the evolution of the financial market and proposing a concrete solution that allows for more transparent, efficient management that is aligned with the best international practices. The scope of this work is both descriptive and propositional. On the one hand, a detailed characterization is carried out of the problems faced by pension operators and the Superintendency of Pensions (SUPEN) in the accounting and supervision of alternative investments. On the other hand, an accounting record proposal is developed that can be implemented in the Costa Rican context, considering international experience and the particularities of the local market. The interest of the research team in this topic arises from the strategic importance that pension funds have for the stability and economic and social development of the country. The diversification of portfolios, by incorporating alternative investments, represents an opportunity to improve profitability and reduce members' exposure to risks. However, the lack of clear accounting guidelines hinders transparency, comparability and effective supervision of these instruments. Therefore, the development of a specific proposal not only responds to a technical need, but also to a commitment to sustainability and confidence in the Costa Rican pension system.
The present research, titled "Proposal for accounting records for alternative investment products in Costa Rican pension portfolios", addresses an issue of great relevance to the national financial sector: the need to adapt accounting records to the inclusion of alternative investment products in the portfolios of pension funds. The study focuses on analyzing the current situation of Costa Rican accounting regulations, identifying its limitations in the face of the evolution of the financial market and proposing a concrete solution that allows for more transparent, efficient management that is aligned with the best international practices. The scope of this work is both descriptive and propositional. On the one hand, a detailed characterization is carried out of the problems faced by pension operators and the Superintendency of Pensions (SUPEN) in the accounting and supervision of alternative investments. On the other hand, an accounting record proposal is developed that can be implemented in the Costa Rican context, considering international experience and the particularities of the local market. The interest of the research team in this topic arises from the strategic importance that pension funds have for the stability and economic and social development of the country. The diversification of portfolios, by incorporating alternative investments, represents an opportunity to improve profitability and reduce members' exposure to risks. However, the lack of clear accounting guidelines hinders transparency, comparability and effective supervision of these instruments. Therefore, the development of a specific proposal not only responds to a technical need, but also to a commitment to sustainability and confidence in the Costa Rican pension system.
Descripción
Licenciatura en Administración con énfasis en Gestión Financiera
Palabras clave
ANÁLISIS FINANCIERO, FINANCIAL ANALYSIS, GESTIÓN FINANCIERA, FINANCIAL MANAGEMENT, PENSIONES, PENSIONS
