Distribución del Pequeño Escarabajo de la Colmena, Aethina tumida, en abejas africanizadas (Apis mellifera) en diferentes zonas apícolas de Costa Rica
Fecha
2020-07-01
Autores
Arguedas Mora, Martha
Soto González, Juan Francisco
Ramírez Montero, Marianyela
Calderón Fallas, Rafael A.
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Editor
Universidad Nacional, Costa Rica
Resumen
El primer reporte sobre la presencia del Pequeño Escarabajo de la Colmena (PEC), Aethina tumida, en Costa Rica, se realizó el 25 de agosto 2015, en La Cruz, Guanacaste; lo cual aumenta el riesgo de dispersión a otras zonas apícolas del país. Por tanto, para este estudio, se realizó un muestreo de mayo a octubre del 2019. Se analizó 305 colmenas, distribuidas en 61 apiarios, ubicados en San Ramón, Alajuela. Adicionalmente, se examinó muestras de escarabajos adultos provenientes de Ulloa, Heredia y de Potrerillos de Liberia, Guanacaste. En cada apiario se analizó, aleatoriamente, cinco colmenas. Se revisó la tapa, los marcos, las cajas y el piso, con el fin de identificar la presencia de huevos, larvas y/o adultos del escarabajo. También, para reconocer algún signo relacionado, como galerías en los panales, apariencia húmeda de las abejas, entre otros. Las muestras de escarabajos adultos se analizaron en el laboratorio de Patología Apícola del CINAT-UNA. Las 305 colmenas evaluadas, en San Ramón de Alajuela, resultaron negativas para el Pequeño Escarabajo. Por otra parte, se confirmó la presencia de A. tumida en una colonia establecida en una casa de habitación en Ulloa, Heredia; también, en un apiario ubicado en Potrerillos de Liberia, el cual se encuentra aproximadamente a 25 km del foco inicial en La Cruz, Guanacaste. Con base en lo expuesto, se puede indicar la presencia de A. tumida en colmenas de abejas africanizadas en diferentes zonas de Costa Rica, con una distribución limitada. Al considerar que el escarabajo adulto puede volar y desplazarse, junto a enjambres silvestres; además, la trashumancia de colmenas por parte del apicultor, se debe mantener una revisión periódica de los apiarios, dado que las condiciones actuales de ausencia, en la mayoría de colmenas analizadas en este estudio, pueden cambiar.
The first report of Small Hive Beetles (SHB), Aethina tumida, in Costa Rica was made on August 25, 2015, in La Cruz, Guanacaste, which increased the risk of dispersal to other beekeeping areas in the country. Therefore, in this study 305 colonies belonging to 61 apiaries, located in San Ramón, Alajuela, Costa Rica, were sampled from May to October 2019. In addition, adult beetle samples were analyzed from Ulloa, Heredia and Potrerillos, Liberia, Guanacaste. Five colonies were randomly selected in every apiary. Broods, boxes, combs, and bottom boards were checked for beetle eggs, larvae and/or adults, and for any related signs such as galleries in the combs, and wet appearance of bees, among others. Adult beetles were analyzed at the Bee Pathology Lab of the Tropical Beekeeping Research Center (CINAT-UNA). The 305 colonies evaluated in San Ramón tested negative for SHBs. On the other hand, the presence of A. tumida was confirmed in a wild colony in a house located in Ulloa, Heredia and in an apiary in Potrerillos, Liberia, which is approximately 25 km from the initial beetle focus in La Cruz, Guanacaste. Based on the above, the presence of A. tumida can be confirmed in Africanized honey bee colonies in different beekeeping areas of Costa Rica, with a limited distribution. Given that adult SHB can fly and move with wild swarms and the transhumance of colonies by beekeepers, apiaries must be periodically checked because the current absence in most of the colonies analyzed in the present study can change.
The first report of Small Hive Beetles (SHB), Aethina tumida, in Costa Rica was made on August 25, 2015, in La Cruz, Guanacaste, which increased the risk of dispersal to other beekeeping areas in the country. Therefore, in this study 305 colonies belonging to 61 apiaries, located in San Ramón, Alajuela, Costa Rica, were sampled from May to October 2019. In addition, adult beetle samples were analyzed from Ulloa, Heredia and Potrerillos, Liberia, Guanacaste. Five colonies were randomly selected in every apiary. Broods, boxes, combs, and bottom boards were checked for beetle eggs, larvae and/or adults, and for any related signs such as galleries in the combs, and wet appearance of bees, among others. Adult beetles were analyzed at the Bee Pathology Lab of the Tropical Beekeeping Research Center (CINAT-UNA). The 305 colonies evaluated in San Ramón tested negative for SHBs. On the other hand, the presence of A. tumida was confirmed in a wild colony in a house located in Ulloa, Heredia and in an apiary in Potrerillos, Liberia, which is approximately 25 km from the initial beetle focus in La Cruz, Guanacaste. Based on the above, the presence of A. tumida can be confirmed in Africanized honey bee colonies in different beekeeping areas of Costa Rica, with a limited distribution. Given that adult SHB can fly and move with wild swarms and the transhumance of colonies by beekeepers, apiaries must be periodically checked because the current absence in most of the colonies analyzed in the present study can change.
Descripción
Palabras clave
ABEJAS, APICULTURA, ABEJAS AFRICANIZADAS, PLAGAS DE INSECTOS, BEES, BEEKEEPING, AFRICANIZED BEES, BEETLE, INSECT PESTS