Artículos Científicos

URI permanente para esta colecciónhttp://10.0.96.45:4000/handle/11056/17242

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How to slow the global spread of small hive beetles, Aethina tumida
(Springer International Publishing, 2019-05-15) Cilia, Giovannni; Formato, Giovanni; Schäfer, Marc; Cardaio, Ilaria; Cornelissen, Bram; Crailsheim, Karl; Lawrence, Akinwande Kayode; Le Conte, Yves; Mutinelli, Franco; Nanetti, Antonio; Rivera Gomis, Jorge; Teepe, Anneke; Neumann, Peter
Small hive beetles (SHBs) are parasites of social bee colonies endemic to sub-Saharan Africa and have become a widespread invasive species. In the new ranges, SHBs can cause damage to apiculture and wild bees. Although the further spread seems inevitable, eradication of new introductions and containment of established ones are nevertheless urgently required to slow down the invasion speed until better mitigation options are available. However, at present there is no adequate action plan at and. Here, we propose to take advantage of SHB invasion history and biology to enrol a feasible plan involving all stakeholders. Raising awareness, education and motivation of stakeholders (incl. adequate and timely compensation of beekeepers) is essential for success. Moreover, sentinel apiaries are recommended in areas at risk, because early detection is crucial for the success of eradication efforts. Given that introductions are detected early, SHB eradication is recommended, incl. destruction of all fested apiaries, installation of sentinel colonies to lure escaped SHBs and a ban on migratory beekeeping. If wild perennial social bee colonies are infested, eradication rograms are condemned to fail and a strategic switch to a containment strategy is recommended. Containment includes adequate integrated pest management and a strict ban on migratory beekeeping. Despite considerable gaps in our knowledge of SHBs, the proposed action plan will help stakeholders to slow down the global spread of SHBs.
Sounds in Melipona costaricensis (Apidae: Meliponini): effect of sugar concentration and nectar source distance
(INRA/DIB-AGIB/EDP Sciences, 2002) Aguilar Monge, Ingrid; Briceño, Daniel
The principal finding presented here is that Melipona costaricensis produces sounds that vary significantly in relation to varying sugar concentrations. Several components of the sounds produced, during the bees' stay inside of the hive, were positively correlated with sugar concentration: song duration, probability of sound production, duration of the long pulses and the relationship between short / long pulsed sound. Number of pulses per song was negatively correlated with sugar concentrations. The duration of all sound pulses was significantly correlated with the distance of the food source. Duration of the short pulses and interpulses were significantly affected by the distance of the food source. Sounds may contribute to the recruitment of nestmates to increasingly rich food supplies during the day. It is clear that aspects of the sound signals are correlated with profitability of food sources.
Virgin queen execution in the stingless bee Melipona beecheii: the sign stimulus for worker attacks
(INRA/DIB-AGIB/EDP Sciences, 2009-01-21) Jarau, Stefan; Van Veen, Johan W.; Aguilar, Ingrid; Ayasse, Manfred
Stingless bees produce considerable numbers of virgin queens over the year, most of which are superfluous and get executed by the workers. Nothing is known yet about the sign stimulus that releases the worker attacks. In the present study we investigated the queen execution process in Melipona beecheii and found in both behavioral observations and experiments with caged living virgin queens that workers are not attracted to them from a distance by means of volatile chemicals. Furthermore, worker aggression, which is obvious towards virgin queens that run through the nest excitedly with their abdomen enlarged and the wings beating, was lowered to almost zero when we made the queens “behavior-less” by experimentally killing them. Our results clearly show that the sign stimulus for releasing the execution behavior in Melipona beecheii workers is not a chemical stimulus but the virgin queens’ conspicuous behavior, which, we hypothesize, could act as a direct measure of their fitness.
Stingless bees (Scaptotrigona pectoralis) learn foreign trail pheromones and use them to find food
(Universidad Nacional de Costa Rica, 2010-11-04) Aguilar, Ingrid; Jarau, Stefan; Ayasse, Manfred; Reichle, Christian
Foragers of several species of stingless bees (Hymenoptera, Apidae and Meliponini) deposit pheromone marks in the vegetation to guide nestmates to new food sources. These pheromones are produced in the labial glands and are nest and species specific. Thus, an important question is how recruited foragers recognize their nestmates pheromone in the field. We tested whether naı¨ve workers learn a specific trail pheromone composition while being recruited by nestmates inside the hive in the species Scaptotrigona pectoralis. We installed artificial scent trails branching off from trails deposited by recruiting foragersand registered whether newly recruited bees follow these trails. The artificial trails were baited with trail pheromones of workers collected from foreign S. pectoralis colonies. When the same foreign trail pheromone was presented inside the experimental hives while recruitment took place a significant higher number of bees followed the artificial trails than in experiments without intranidal presentation. Our results demonstrate that recruits of S. pectoralis can learn the composition of specific trail pheromone bouquets inside the nest and subsequently follow this pheromone in the field. We, therefore, suggest that trail pheromone recognition in S. pectoralis is based on a flexible learning process rather than being a genetically fixed behaviour.
Varroa in Panama: detection, spread and prospects
(Asociación de Investigación Apícola, 2015-04-01) Calderón Fallas, Rafael; Ortíz, Alberto; Aparisio, Bolívar; Ruíz, María Teresa
On July 6, 2000, the ectoparasitic mite Varroa jacobsoni was detected for the first time in Panama. Samples of sealed brood and adult bees, as well as varroa traps taken in the provinces of Chiriqui, Veragua, Cocle, Herrera and Colon, confirmed the presence of the mite throughout the country. The National Association of Beekeepers of Panama and the Ministry of Agricultural Development are working together to effectively combat this mite.
Presence of Deformed Wing Virus and Kashmir Bee Virus in Africanized Honey Bee Colonies in Costa Rica Infested With Varroa Destructor
(International Bee Research Association, 2015-04-01) Calderón Fallas, Rafael; Veen, Johan Van; Arce, Henry G.; Esquivel, Mario E.
Newly hatched bees with damaged wings, bees crawling in front of the hive and unusually severe mortality of adult bees were observed in Africanized bee colonies in Costa Rica. A large proportion of the adult bee population in most of these colonies was infested with Varroa destructor. Samples of adult bees were sent to the Department of Entomology at Pennsylvania State University for viral analysis. This analysis showed the presence of deformed wing virus and Kashmir bee virus. The occurrence of adult bee mortality and the detection of these viruses in Africanized colonies in Costa Rica infested with V. destructor should be considered cause for concern.
Relationship between chemical composition, botanical origin and antiparasitic activity of Costarican propolis against Trypanosoma cruzi
(Universidad de Antioquia, Colombia, 2022) Barrantes-Murillo, Erika; Alfaro- Alarcon, Alejandro; Fallas-Matamoros, Natalia; Guevara-Gonzalez, Mariana; Montenegro-Hidalgo, Victor; Picado-Canales, Natalin; Sanchez- Chaves, Luis Alejandro; Segura-Víquez, Andrea; Soto-Fallas, Roy Mario; Valdes-Diaz, Sandra; Zamora- Fallas, Luis; Zamora-Rodríguez, Mónica; Loaiza-Montoya, Randall; Umaña-Rojas, Eduardo
Chagas disease affects millions of people throughout Latin America; more than 300,000 new cases and 12,000 deaths are reported yearly. Due the high incidence, social and economic impact, the search for efficient, effective, and safe treatments for this disease has become a priority in the region. Based on previously published studies, it has been determined that some propolis extracts with polyisoprenylated benzophenones (BPI), such as nemorosone, have important trypanocidal activity. Furthermore, BPIs with activity against Trypanosoma cruzi can be found in floral resins of species of the genus Clusia in the southern region of Costa Rica. Therefore, this study proposes to evaluate in vitro and in vivo the antiparasitic effect of propolis containing BPI from the Southern Region of Costa Rica in the search for novel molecules that could be used as a potential treatment for chronic experimental trypanosomiasis. We hypothesize, that propolis is a better source for a wide range of concentrated BPIs than the original botanical source. For this study, 20 samples of propolis from the southern region of Costa Rica were taken from 10 randomly selected apiaries. The samples will be purified using medium pressure chromatographic techniques (MPLC) and the chemical composition will be determined by HPTLC (high-performance thin layer chromatography). At the in vitro level, we will work with the 3T3 cell line to evaluate the cytotoxicity of the compounds. The cytotoxicity and selectivity will be tested in the T. cruzi clone Dm28c. We also propose to validate the safety and efficacy of the selected compounds in vivo in C57B6/J mice.
Phytochemical Profiling of Clusia valerioi (Standl.) Floral Resin and Its Correlation with the Chemical Composition of Propolis from Southern Costa Rica
(Universidad Nacional, Costa Rica, 2025-04-16) Segura-Víquez, Andrea; Soto-Fallas, Roy M; Borbón-Alpízar, Henry; Umaña-Rojas, Eduardo; Zamora-Fallas, Gabriel; Sánchez-Chaves, Luis; Fallas-Matamoros, Natalia; Montenegro-Hidalgo, Víctor; Alfaro-Alarcón, Alejandro; Guevara-González, Mariana; Romero-Vega, Luis; Loaiza-Montoya, Randall; Picado-Canales, Natalin; Barrantes-Murillo Erika
Abstract Propolis are resinous byproducts produced by bees, known for their wide range of bioactive properties. The chemical composition of propolis is closely linked to the botanical environment surrounding the hive. Clusia valerioi (Standl.), a plant species endemic to Costa Rica, is commonly found in the country's southern region and produces floral resins that are collected by bees for propolis production. This ecological relationship suggests that chemical traceability between C. valerioi floral resins and propolis produced in nearby apiaries is feasible. In this study, ethanolic extracts from propolis samples collected at eight apiaries, resin loads transported by forager bees, and floral resin samples from C. valerioi at four sites near two of these apiaries were analyzed using high- performance thin-layer chromatography (HPTLC). The analysis revealed three chemical markers—referred to as compounds A, B, and C—that support the traceability of chemical constituents from floral resin to propolis. Compound A was identified as a terpene derivative, while compound C was determined to be a flavonoid derivative (specifically a flavonol or flavanone). Compound B was isolated and identified as a polyprenylated polycyclic benzophenone, and was conclusively characterized as nemorosone based on proton (¹H-NMR) and carbon-13 (¹³C-NMR) nuclear magnetic resonance spectra.
Bioactive potential of tropical highland apple (Malus domestica cv. Anna) crude extract
(Springer Open, 2022-12-19) Calvo‑Castro, Laura A.; Lobo-Vázquez, Michelle; Gómez-Gónzalez, Julio César; Arnaéz-Serrano, Elizabeth; Zamora-Fallas, Gabriel; Sánchez-Zúñiga, Katherine; Centeno-Cerdas, Carolina
Background: The third most produced fruit crop in the world, apples (Malus domestica Borkh) are one of the most accessible and widely consumed fruits, with known benefts for human health. Although they are a temperate crop, apple cultivation has been successfully implemented in lower latitudes. Tropical highland Costa Rican apples (cv. Anna) have shown high total polyphenol content, and cytotoxic efects against human cancer cell lines. However, most reports originate from purifed fractions, obtained using methods which are not easily translatable for commer‑cial applications. In this study, we prepared a polyphenol-rich bioactive extract from Costa Rican Anna apples, using food-grade solvents and simple techniques, aiming towards easy translation of the extraction protocols to small local producers. Results: The whole apple crude extract (AE) was investigated for its total polyphenol content, general phytochemical profle, cytotoxicity against human breast and lung cancer cells, and regenerative potential in murine skin fbroblast monolayers. The AE showed total polyphenol amounts comparable to that obtained using more refned extractions in previous studies, and exhibited cytotoxic activity against human breast (MCF7) and lung (NCI-H460) cancer cells, and inhibition of cell proliferation in the scratch-wound-healing assay. Conclusions: Food-grade simple protocols were successful for obtaining a polyphenol-rich bioactive extract from Costa Rican Anna apples. The easy-to-implement extraction protocols and biochemical tests could provide a source of bioactive phytochemicals to be used in circular production systems.
A scientific note on virgin queen acceptance in stingless bees: evidence for the importance of queen aggression
(Springer Nature, 2010-01) Jarau, Stefan; Van Veen, Johan; Aguilar, Ingrid; Ayasse, Manfred
Stingless bees (Apidae, Meliponini), which are close relatives to honey bees (Apidae, Apini) and share with them a highly eusocial colonial organization (Michener, 2000), are remarkable for their habit of producing virgin queens throughout the year (Engels and Imperatriz-Fonseca, 1990). Most of these queens are not needed for a colony’s survival or division, however, and get executed some time after their emergence (Imperatriz-Fonseca and Zucchi, 1995).
A scientific note on the use of stingless bees for commercial pollination in enclosures
(INRA/DIB/AGIB/EDP Sciences, 2000) Slaa, Ester Judith; Sánchez Chaves, Luis Alejandro; Sandí, Miriam; Salazar, William
Las abejas sin aguijón se consideran polinizadores muy importantes en los trópicos, y se sabe que polinizan eficazmente al menos los cultivos. Sin embargo, rara vez se utilizan para la polinización comercial. Hasta donde sabemos, solo se ha publicado un estudio que utiliza abejas sin aguijón para la polinización de cultivos. En ese estudio, Nannotrigona testaceicornis se utilizó con éxito para polinizar fresas en un invernadero en Japón. Hay varias ventajas que pueden hacer que las abejas sin aguijón sean más adecuadas para la polinización de ciertos cultivos que la abeja melífera comúnmente utilizada.
A comparison of the reproductive ability of Varroa destructor (Mesostigmata:Varroidae) in worker and drone brood of Africanized honey bees (Apis mellifera)
(Springer Science, 2007-09-08) Calderón, Rafael A.; Zamora, Luis G.; Van Veen, Johan W.; Quesada, Mariela V.
Colony infestation by the parasitic mite, Varroa destructor is one of the most serious problems for beekeeping worldwide. In order to reproduce varroa females, enter worker or drone brood shortly before the cell is sealed. To test the hypothesis that, due to the preference of mites to invade drone brood to reproduce, a high proportion of the mite reproduction should occur in drone cells, a comparative study of mite reproductive rate in worker and drone brood of Africanized honey bees (AHB) was done for 370 mites. After determining the number, developmental stage and sex of the offspring in worker cells, the foundress female mite was immediately transferred into an uninfested drone cell. Mite fertility in single infested worker and drone brood cells was 76.5 and 79.3%, respectively. There was no difference between the groups (X 2 = 0.78, P = 0.37). However, one of the most significant differences in mite reproduction was the higher percentage of mites producing viable offspring (cells that contain one live adult male and at least one adult female mite) in drone cells (38.1%) compared to worker cells (13.8%) (X 2 = 55.4, P < 0.01). Furthermore, a high level of immature offspring occurred in worker cells and not in drone cells (X 2 = 69, P < 0.01). Although no differences were found in the percentage of non-reproducing mites, more than 74% (n = 85) of the mites that did not reproduce in worker brood, produced offspring when they were transferred to drone brood.
Current status of the small hive beetle Aethina tumida in Latin America
(Universidad Nacional, Costa Rica, 2023) Calderón, Rafael; Aldea- Sánchez, P.; Branchiccela, Belén; Bulacio Cagnolo, N.; Medina-Medina, L.A.; Palacio, M.A.; Velarde, R.; Weinstein Teixeira, E.; Antúnez, Karina
The small hive beetle (SHB), Aethina tumida, is a parasitic pest and scavenger of social bees native to sub-Saharan Africa. It is a generalist species which can also reproduce in association with nests of stingless bees, fruits, and even rotten meat. Although in its native range, it usually does not cause severe damage to strong colonies and nests; it has invaded new areas worldwide, causing significant economic losses to social bees in some locations. Here, we present an overview of the current situation of SHB invasion into Latin America by describing its distribution, its impact on beekeeping and the commercialization of bee products, and its potential risk to native bees. In addition, we discuss the strategies carried out in different countries to manage or prevent its entrance and spread. Our findings highlight the need for further research efforts aimed at filling gaps in our understanding of the dynamics of SHB invasions in Latin America, their sources, and trajectories. By contrasting the experiences in countries in which preemptive and preventive measures were taken with countries in which they were not, we conclude that taking such measures has a positive impact on managing SHB invasions. Late notifications of SHB presence in some countries made it difficult to identify SHB dispersal routes and enabling factors. Interactions of SHB with different honey bee and native bee populations remain under-studied, and research on these interactions will determine the severity of SHB as a pest in the region. Latin America offers a dynamic and diverse environment for studying SHB and its interaction with bees.
NIVEL DE INFECCIÓN DEL MICROSPORIDIO Nosema spp. EN COLMENAS DE ABEJAS AFRICANIZADAS Y SU RELACIÓN CON LA PRECIPITACIÓN Y HUMEDAD RELATIVA
(Universidad Nacional, Costa Rica, 2022) Calderón, Rafael; Moreno, Eduardo
La Nosemosis es una enfermedad de las abejas melíferas, que se encuentra diseminada por todo el mundo y ocasiona pérdidas económicas. Es causada por 2 especies de hongos, Nosema apis y Nosema ceranae. Se determinó la cantidad de esporas de Nosema spp. en muestras grupales e individuales de abejas, y se relacionaron con la precipitación y humedad. El estudio se realizó de julio a noviembre 2017, en 10 colmenas de abejas africanizadas en Atenas, Alajuela. De cada colmena, se colectaron 100 abejas, para examinarlas en el laboratorio de Patología Apícola-CINAT. Para el análisis grupal, se cortaron los abdómenes de 30 abejas y se maceraron con 30 ml de agua destilada. La muestra se revisó en el microscopio a 40x y se cuantificaron las esporas de Nosema spp. mediante el hemo citómetro. Para el examen individual, se utilizó la misma técnica. La precipitación y humedad relativa durante el estudio, se relacionaron con el número de espora. Se detectó el microsporidio Nosema spp. en todas las colmenas analizadas. En julio, se cuantificó el mayor número de esporas, con un promedio de 20 360 000 ± 1 586 957 en el análisis grupal y 12 749 733 ± 867 232 en el individual. En los meses siguientes se observó un descenso en el conteo de esporas en ambos métodos, hasta contabilizar la menor cantidad en noviembre, con un promedio de 4 375 000 ± 874 132 y 2 087 708 ± 398 895 en el examen grupal e individual, respectivamente. Al relacionar la precipitación y humedad con la cantidad de esporas, setiembre presentó la mayor cantidad de lluvia y un alto porcentaje de humedad, sin embargo, no correspondió con el mayor nivel de Nosemosis, el cual se registró en julio. Mientras que noviembre fue el menos lluvioso y húmedo, y mostró la menor cantidad de esporas.
Actual situation of Aethina tumida (Coleoptera: Nitidulidae) in Africanized honeybee colonies in Costa Rica
(Universidad Nacional, Costa Rica, 2019) Calderón, Rafael; Ramírez, Marianyela
In the present study, the presence of the beetle Aethina tumida in Central American countries such as El Salvador, Nicaragua and Costa Rica is analyzed by visual sampling in which all individual frames, hive covers and bottom boards of each colony are examined. In addition, two Cutts Beetle Blaster® traps per colony were set for eight to 15 days with 25 ml of vegetable oil. The contents of the traps were examined for beetles at the Bee Pathology Laboratory of the Centro de Investigaciones Apícolas Tropicales (CINAT).
Nosemosis in Africanized Honey Bee Colonies (Apis mellifera) in the Tropical Conditions of Costa Rica: Nosema apis or Nosema ceranae
(Universidad Nacional, Costa Rica, 2021) Calderón, Rafael; Sánchez, Luis A
The presence of nosemosis in Africanized honey bees in Costa Rica was studied. A total of 75 samples of adult bees from different country regions were selected for molecular diagnosis of nosemosis. Prior to PCR tests, Nosema spp. spores were morphologically identified in most of the bee samples using a light microscopy at 40x magnification. According to molecular analyses, most of the bee samples were found to be infected with Nosema ceranae. However, colonies showed no clinical signs of infection at any time during the sampling period, none of them being infected with Nosema apis. Surprisingly, 29.3% of the bee samples tested PCR negative to nosemosis. The origin of the bee samples collected from apiaries located in four of the seven provinces of Costa Rica showed the microsporidium is widely spread throughout the main beekeeping areas of the country. The pathological consequences of N. ceranae in Africanized honey bee colonies have not been well determined. Because of reports of honey bee colony losses in Europe related to microsporidian infections, the virulence of N. ceranae in Africanized honey bees needs to be studied.
Prevalencia de Nosema spp. (Microsporidia: Nosematidae) en abejas africanizadas en Atenas, Costa Rica: número de esporas y nivel de infección durante la época lluviosa
(Universidad Nacional, Costa Rica, 2021) Moreno, Eduardo; Calderón, Rafael; Ramírez, Marianyela; Van Veen, Johan
Se estudió la prevalencia del microsporidio Nosema spp. en un apiario de 10 colmenas de abejas africanizadas en AtenasAlajuela, Costa Rica, durante julio a noviembre 2017. Además, se comparó el número de esporas y el nivel de infección en muestras grupales e individuales de abejas adultas provenientes de una misma colmena. Se muestreó el apiario con un intervalo de 30 días. De cada colmena se colectaron aproximadamente 100 abejas adultas de la piquera, de las cuales 30 se examinaron de manera grupal y 30 individualmente en el Laboratorio de Patología Apícola-CINAT. Para determinar las esporas de Nosema spp. las abejas se analizaron mediante el método de Cantwell. Para el análisis grupal, se tomaron 30 abejas y se procedió a cortar los abdómenes, los cuales se maceraron en un mortero, agregando 30 ml de agua destilada. En el examen individual, se utilizó la misma técnica y se analizó cada abeja por separado. La muestra se revisó en el microscopio a un aumento de 40x, se procedió a identificar y determinar el número de esporas mediante el hemocitómetro y a establecer el nivel de infección de cada colmena. Se determinó la presencia de Nosema spp. en todas las colmenas del apiario, pero con diferentes niveles de infección, variando desde leve hasta fuerte, tanto en el análisis grupal como en el individual. En julio se cuantificó el mayor número de esporas, con un promedio de 20,360,000 ± 1,586,957 por abeja en el examen grupal y 12,749,733 ± 867,232 por abeja en el individual. En los meses siguientes se observó un descenso considerable en el número de esporas, hasta contabilizar la menor cantidad en noviembre, con un promedio de 4,375,000 ± 874,132 y 2,087,708 ± 398,895 para los análisis grupal e individual, respectivamente. Al comparar el conteo de esporas y el nivel de infección de Nosema spp. en muestras grupales e individuales, se obtuvieron resultados similares. Además, al correlacionar la cantidad de esporas se estableció una alta proximidad en los valores, mostrando que mediante ambos métodos se obtiene un resultado semejante en el nivel de infección de la misma colmena.
Revisión sobre la presencia del Pequeño Escarabajo de la Colmena, Aethina tumida (Coleoptera: Nitidulidae) infestando colonias de abejas nativas sin aguijón (Apidae: Meliponini)
(Universidad Nacional, Costa Rica, 2023) Calderón, Rafael; Sánchez Chaves, Luis
La crianza y manejo de las abejas nativas sin aguijón, se conoce como “meliponicultura”, actividad ancestral de importancia ambiental y socioeconómica. En Costa Rica, se reportan más de 50 especies de abejas nativas sin aguijón; los géneros Melipona (jicotes) y Tetragonisca (mariolas) son los más utilizadas por los meliponicultores. El Pequeño Escarabajo de la Colmena, Aethina tumida (Murray 1867), es nativo de África subsahariana, donde se considera una plaga menor entre las abejas melíferas africanas. Sin embargo, desde su detección, en colmenas de abejas melíferas de origen europeo en Los Estados Unidos (1998), se considera una plaga invasora que causa serios problemas a la apicultura. Tanto larvas, como escarabajos adultos, se alimentan de miel, polen y cría de las abejas. Además, tienen una gran adaptabilidad a distintos ambientes, desde condiciones tropicales hasta clima templado. Actualmente, se encuentra en diferentes países, como: Canadá, México, Cuba y Brasil. El primer reporte de abejas africanizadas, en Centroamérica, ocurrió en El Salvador, luego en Nicaragua y posteriormente se confirmó en Costa Rica y Guatemala. A. tumida puede infestar colonias de abejas nativas sin aguijón (meliponinos) y abejorros (Bombus sp.). Se ha reportado su presencia en colonias de Melipona beecheii, Dactylurina staudingerii, Trigona carbonaria, Austroplebeia australis, Melipona rufiventris y Plebeia frontalis, así como en Bombus impatiens. En Costa Rica, aun cuando no se ha realizado una investigación sistemática del escarabajo en colonias de abejas nativas, a la fecha, no se ha reportado su presencia. En un monitoreo preliminar, se examinó colonias de M. beecheii, ubicadas cerca del foco inicial de detección del escarabajo, en la Cruz, Guanacaste, las cuales resultaron negativas. Al considerar que la meliponicultura es una actividad que se realiza en diferentes regiones de Costa Rica, se recomienda establecer vigilancia del Pequeño Escarabajo, con la finalidad de detectar o descartar su presencia en colonias de abejas nativas sin aguijón.
SOLATINA: A Latin-American society for bee research to foster the interactions between scientists and coordinate large-scale research programs
(Universidad Nacional, Costa Rica , 2018) Antúnez, Karina; Requier, Fabrice; Aldea Sánchez, Patricia; Basualdo, Marina; Branchiccela, Belén; Calderón, Rafael; Correa Benítez, Adriana; Delgado Cañedo, Andres; Fuselli, Sandra; Morales, Carolina; Pérez Castro, Eleazar; Plischuk, Santiago; Porrini, Martin Pablo; Segui Goncalves, Lionel; Tapia González, José María; Torres, Alexandra; Velarde, Rodrigo; Invernizzi, Ciro
Bees (members of the super family Apoidea) are the main pollinators in modern agro-ecosystems, where they have a critical positive effect on yield improve ment for about 75% of world's crops (Klein et al., 2007; Potts et al., 2016). However, there is evidence of a worldwide decline in the populations of wild bees, and numerous reports of high colony losses of managed bees, which may disrupt crop pollination, honey produc tion and the reproduction of bee-polli nated wild plants (Potts et al., 2010), leading to negative social, economic and ecological effects (Potts et al., 2016). Latin America (hereafter, LA) is home to about 8 million managed honey bee colonies (Apis mellifera L.) which produce more than 200000 tons of honey annually (FAOSTAT, 2018). Several Latin American countries are among the global top 20 in terms of honey production and beehives stock, such as Argentina, Brazil and Mexico (García, 2018; Requier et al., 2018). Moreover, LA hosts a unique fauna of native bees, with about 5,000 identified species, including 391 species of the native stingless bees in the tribu Meliponini (Camargo & Pedro, 2008; Freitas et al., 2009). Some of those native stingless bees are managed since ancient times to produce honey through the practice of “Meliponiculture” (Jaffé et al., 2015). Latin American bee research has contributed to improve our understanding of problems relevant for apiculture, bee diversity and the causes of bee population decline in the region among other topics (see e.g., Maggi et al., 2016; Morales, Arbetman, Cameron, & Aizen, 2013; Vandame & Palacio, 2010). These scientific achievements are mostly the result of research efforts led by groups working independently rather than the product of cooperative research efforts between different countries. We argue that the strength, impact, and relevance of these research efforts, for apiculture and bees in the region, can be improved by promoting interactions between Latin American bee scientists and coordinating large-scale research programs.
Flora relevante para las abejas nativas sin aguijón en un sector del Parque Nacional Guanacaste
(Universidad Nacional, Costa Rica, 2022) Barrantes-Vásquez, Alejandra; Sánchez Chaves, Luis; Chacón Cid, Natalia; Aguilar Monge, Ingrid; Herrera González, Eduardo; Méndez Cartín, Ana Lucia; Montero Flores, William; Barquero Elizondo, Ana Isabel; Hernández Sánchez, Luis Gustavo; Sánchez Toruño, Henry Mauricio
En esta obra se incluyen básicos descriptivos de las especies de plantas en flor, importantes para la nutrición y desarrollo se las poblaciones de abejas, presentes en las parcelas permanentes de monitoreo ubicadas en el sector Pocosol y El Hacha en la Area de Conservación Guanacaste, durante el periodo 2015-2016. Se incluyen aspectos de jerarquización taxonómica de las especies, su nombre vernáculo, una breve descripción botánica, el gremio ecológico de referencia, así como su distribución natural en Costa Rica, los diversos usos tradicionales y el aporte de néctar, polen y/o resina y el período de floración asociado a cada especie.

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