Proceso de implementación de biojardineras construidas en la Península de Nicoya, en el marco del Programa Horizontes Ambientales del 2012 al 2016
Fecha
2021
Autores
López Alfaro, Nelly
Gómez Garita , Didier
Marín Araya, Maritza
Título de la revista
ISSN de la revista
Título del volumen
Editor
Universidad Nacional, Costa Rica
Resumen
El presente documento desarrolla la sistematización de la experiencia del proceso de implementación
de biojardineras o humedales artificiales construidas en la Península de Nicoya, en el marco de
acción del Programa Horizontes Ambientales: innovación y cambio durante los años 2012 al 2016.
La importancia de este artículo radica en dar a conocer el proceso que como equipo de investigación
y extensión llevamos a cabo durante esos años, ofreciendo nuestro conocimiento en materia de
manejo de aguas residuales.
A nivel nacional la cobertura intradomiciliaria de agua de consumo humano alcanza el 98% de la
población costarricense, no obstante, aunque el 70% de las aguas residuales que generamos en
Costa Rica se tratan en un tanque séptico (Ministerio de Ambiente y Energía, Instituto Costarricense
de Acueductos y Alcantarillados y Ministerio de Salud (2016), no hay garantía de que exista un
tratamiento eficiente debido a que no se conoce la eficiencia en la construcción del mismo, por lo
que la implementación de Tecnologías alternativas puede ayudar a mitigar la situación actual de
nuestras comunidades. Sin embargo, el problema es más grave en las zonas rurales dado que el
acceso al agua potable, y en un futuro el saneamiento estará en manos de las Asadas, dado que el
estado no tiene la capacidad instalada para hacer frente a esta problemática.
Aun así, como investigadores y extensionistas consideramos que a pesar de ser las biojardineras
una tecnología muy eficiente en su uso, el no contemplar un proceso de implementación que
conlleve la sensibilización, concientización y el aprender haciendo podría llevar al colapso del uso
de dicha tecnología, es por eso que este articulo pretende presentar nuestra experiencia de trabajo
haciendo énfasis en el proceso desarrollado en el antes, durante y después de la construcción de
la biojardinera visualizándolo como un proceso de implementación
This paper systematizes the experience of implementing wastewater gardens or artificial wetlands built in the Nicoya Peninsula, within the framework of action of Programa Horizontes Ambientales: innovación y cambio (Environmental Horizons Program: Innovation and Change), 2012-2016. The importance of this article lies in publicizing the process that we, as a research and extension team, carried out during those years, offering our knowledge of wastewater management. At the national level, the intradomiciliary coverage of water for human consumption reaches 98% of the Costa Rican population; however, although 70% of the wastewater we generate in Costa Rica is treated in septic tanks (Ministry of Environment and Energy, Costa Rican Water and Sewer Institute, and Ministry of Health—2016—), efficient treatment is not guaranteed because the efficiency in the construction of the tank is not known, Therefore, implementing alternative technologies can help mitigate the current situation in our communities. However, the problem is more severe in rural areas because access to safe drinking water and, in the future, sanitation will be in the hands of the Administrative Associations of Aqueduct Systems and Sanitary Sewers (Asadas) since the State cannot deal with this problem. Still, as researchers and extension agents, we believe that, although the use of wastewater gardens is a very efficient technology, not contemplating a process of implementation involving awarenessraising and learning by doing could lead to the collapse of the use of such technology. That is why this article aims to present our work experience by emphasizing the process developed before, during, and after the construction of the wastewater gardens by visualizing them as an implementation process
This paper systematizes the experience of implementing wastewater gardens or artificial wetlands built in the Nicoya Peninsula, within the framework of action of Programa Horizontes Ambientales: innovación y cambio (Environmental Horizons Program: Innovation and Change), 2012-2016. The importance of this article lies in publicizing the process that we, as a research and extension team, carried out during those years, offering our knowledge of wastewater management. At the national level, the intradomiciliary coverage of water for human consumption reaches 98% of the Costa Rican population; however, although 70% of the wastewater we generate in Costa Rica is treated in septic tanks (Ministry of Environment and Energy, Costa Rican Water and Sewer Institute, and Ministry of Health—2016—), efficient treatment is not guaranteed because the efficiency in the construction of the tank is not known, Therefore, implementing alternative technologies can help mitigate the current situation in our communities. However, the problem is more severe in rural areas because access to safe drinking water and, in the future, sanitation will be in the hands of the Administrative Associations of Aqueduct Systems and Sanitary Sewers (Asadas) since the State cannot deal with this problem. Still, as researchers and extension agents, we believe that, although the use of wastewater gardens is a very efficient technology, not contemplating a process of implementation involving awarenessraising and learning by doing could lead to the collapse of the use of such technology. That is why this article aims to present our work experience by emphasizing the process developed before, during, and after the construction of the wastewater gardens by visualizing them as an implementation process
Descripción
Palabras clave
GUANACASTE (COSTA RICA), EXTENSIÓN UNIVERSITARIA, COLLEGE EXTENSION, TRATAMIENTO DE RESIDUOS, WASTE TREATMENT, MANEJO AMBIENTAL, ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT, HUMEDALES, WETLANDS