Competencias docentes sobre la inclusión de personas estudiantes con ascendencia nicaragüense en las lecciones de Educación Cívica dentro del Liceo de Santo Domingo de Heredia, 2024-2025
Fecha
2025-08-08
Autores
Badilla Loría, Michael
Jiménez Sánchez, Christopher
Ramírez Garro, Christopher
Sánchez Orantes, Olivier
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Universidad Nacional, Costa Rica
Resumen
Este Trabajo Final de Graduación se enfoca en analizar y transformar las prácticas docentes de Educación Cívica en contextos de alta diversidad cultural, tomando como caso de estudio el Liceo Nuevo de Santo Domingo de Heredia, institución que cuenta con un 43% de personas estudiantes con origen o ascendencia nicaragüense. La investigación parte de una preocupación central: la exclusión y discirminación que enfrentan personas estudiantes migrantes, y propone como eje de solución la evaluación e implementación de competencias docentes inclusivas, desde el marco de la Educación Intercultural. A través de un enfoque cualitativo y constructivista, se aplicaron entrevistas y sondeos a personas docentes y estudiantes para identificar las dinámicas de convivencia, las estrategias pedagógicas en uso y los principales desafíos para la inclusión. El estudio evidenció una escolarización rígida de la enseñanza cívica, barreras institucionales, desconocimiento de las realidades migratorias, y una falta de herramientas concretas para afrontar el conflicto cultural desde la pedagogía. La investigación se estructura en cuatro capítulos: el primero aborda el problema, el marco teórico y metodológico; el segundo analiza las políticas del Ministerio de Educación Pública en materia de inclusión; el tercero identifica estrategias actuales de convivencia intercultural en la institución; y el cuarto propone un material didáctico innovador, validado con las personas docentes, que incluye un planteamiento intercultural con fundamentos en Freire, Vygotsky y Walsh, enfocado en la identidad, el reconocimiento del otro, y la construcción de comunidad. La propuesta didáctica trasciende el nivel de la estrategia didáctica, pues se presenta como una estrategia pedagógica estructural que busca impactar la cultura institucional. Se promueve el uso del conflicto como herramienta formativa y se valida la experiencia docente en su diseño. Además, se incluye un proyecto transversal anual como solución práctica ante las limitaciones de tiempo y carga laboral docente, evidenciadas en el diagnóstico. En conclusión, el trabajo no solo aporta conocimiento sobre la situación de exclusión de personas estudiantes nicaragüenses, sino que ofrece soluciones viables y contextualizadas para fortalecer una Educación Cívica crítica, inclusiva y pluralista, que responda a la realidad multicultural costarricense.
This final thesis focuses on analyzing and transforming Civic Education teaching practices in contexts of high cultural diversity, using as a case study the Liceo Nuevo de Santo Domingo de Heredia, an institution where 43% of its students are of Nicaraguan origin or ancestry. The research is based on a central concern: the exclusion and discrimination faced by migrant students, and proposes as a solution the evaluation and implementation of inclusive teaching competencies, within the framework of Intercultural Education. Through a qualitative and constructivist approach, interviews and surveys were conducted with teachers and students to identify the dynamics of coexistence, the pedagogical strategies in use, and the main challenges to inclusion. The study revealed a rigid schooling of civic education, institutional barriers, a lack of understanding of migration realities, and a lack of concrete tools to address cultural conflict through pedagogy. The research is structured in four chapters: the first addresses the problem and the theoretical and methodological framework; the second analyzes the Ministry of Public Education's policies regarding inclusion; the third identifies current strategies for intercultural coexistence in the institution; and the fourth proposes innovative teaching materials, validated with teachers, which include an intercultural approach based on Freire, Vygotsky, and Walsh, focusing on identity, recognition of others, and community building. The teaching proposal transcends the level of teaching strategy, as it is presented as a structural pedagogical strategy that seeks to impact institutional culture. The use of conflict as a training tool is promoted, and the teaching experience in its design is validated. In addition, an annual cross-curricular project is included as a practical solution to the time and workload limitations of teachers, as evidenced in the assessment. In conclusion, this work not only provides insight into the situation of exclusion among Nicaraguan students, but also offers viable and contextualized solutions to strengthen critical, inclusive, and pluralistic Civic Education that responds to Costa Rica's multicultural reality.
This final thesis focuses on analyzing and transforming Civic Education teaching practices in contexts of high cultural diversity, using as a case study the Liceo Nuevo de Santo Domingo de Heredia, an institution where 43% of its students are of Nicaraguan origin or ancestry. The research is based on a central concern: the exclusion and discrimination faced by migrant students, and proposes as a solution the evaluation and implementation of inclusive teaching competencies, within the framework of Intercultural Education. Through a qualitative and constructivist approach, interviews and surveys were conducted with teachers and students to identify the dynamics of coexistence, the pedagogical strategies in use, and the main challenges to inclusion. The study revealed a rigid schooling of civic education, institutional barriers, a lack of understanding of migration realities, and a lack of concrete tools to address cultural conflict through pedagogy. The research is structured in four chapters: the first addresses the problem and the theoretical and methodological framework; the second analyzes the Ministry of Public Education's policies regarding inclusion; the third identifies current strategies for intercultural coexistence in the institution; and the fourth proposes innovative teaching materials, validated with teachers, which include an intercultural approach based on Freire, Vygotsky, and Walsh, focusing on identity, recognition of others, and community building. The teaching proposal transcends the level of teaching strategy, as it is presented as a structural pedagogical strategy that seeks to impact institutional culture. The use of conflict as a training tool is promoted, and the teaching experience in its design is validated. In addition, an annual cross-curricular project is included as a practical solution to the time and workload limitations of teachers, as evidenced in the assessment. In conclusion, this work not only provides insight into the situation of exclusion among Nicaraguan students, but also offers viable and contextualized solutions to strengthen critical, inclusive, and pluralistic Civic Education that responds to Costa Rica's multicultural reality.
Descripción
Licenciatura en la Enseñanza de Estudios Sociales y Educación Cívica
Palabras clave
EDUCACIÓN INTERCULTURAL, INTERCULTURAL EDUCATION, PLURALISMO CULTURAL, CULTURAL PLURALISM, COMPETENCIA (APTITUD), COMPETENCE (ABILITY), EDUCACIÓN CÍVICA, CIVIC EDUCATION, MIGRACIÓN, MIGRATION