Impacto de las competencias de las personas docentes de Educación Cívica en la prevención del consumo de drogas en personas jóvenes adolescentes. Un estudio de caso en el Liceo de Heredia (2024-2025)
Fecha
0009-06-25
Autores
Rodríguez Cubillo, Henry Vinicio
Cerdas Marchena, Jorge Ignacio
Orozco Sánchez, Andrés
Ramírez Zúñiga, María Estefanny
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ISSN de la revista
Título del volumen
Editor
Universidad Nacional, Costa Rica
Resumen
La presente investigación se centra en la prevención del consumo temprano de sustancias psicoactivas entre jóvenes adolescentes desde la asignatura de Educación Cívica, en el contexto del Liceo de Heredia (2024-2025). En Costa Rica, diversos informes del Instituto Sobre Alcoholismo y Farmacodependencia (IAFA) señalan que el inicio en el consumo de alcohol, tabaco y marihuana suele ocurrir en edades superiores a los 13 años (IAFA, 2023), con consecuencias negativas para la salud física y mental, el rendimiento académico y la permanencia de las personas jóvenes adolescentes en el sistema educativo. Esta realidad exige una respuesta educativa que articule contenidos, competencias y prácticas didácticas orientadas a la toma de decisiones responsables, específicamente con respecto al no consumo de drogas, lo cual convierte a la Educación Cívica en una herramienta clave para la prevención temprana del consumo de dichas sustancias, siendo este el enfoque adaptado en el Liceo de Heredia. A pesar de la gravedad del problema, el currículo oficial de Educación Cívica del Ministerio de Educación Pública (MEP), vigente desde 2009, apenas menciona las drogas en forma superficial y sin estrategias concretas de prevención. Este vacío curricular limita la capacidad de las personas docentes para abordar el tema de manera integrada y contextualizada, impidiendo que la formación ciudadana que promueve la asignatura incluya competencias específicas para enfrentar riesgos asociados al consumo de drogas. La identificación de este sesgo motiva al presente estudio, el cual busca específicamente comprender ese vacío a través de la investigación y la propuesta de un taller, con el fin de proponer vías de fortalecimiento en el diseño curricular y en las prácticas docentes. Un aspecto central de este estudio es determinar cómo, desde la Educación Cívica, se puede contribuir a la prevención del consumo temprano de drogas en jóvenes adolescentes mediante la incorporación de competencias y destrezas por parte del cuerpo docente del Liceo de Heredia durante el periodo 2024–2025. A partir de esta meta se formulan cuatro preguntas problema que se presentarán más adelante, y para dar respuesta a estas cuestiones, el estudio plantea cuatro propósitos específicos que buscan examinar la prevención del consumo de drogas en el programa de Educación Cívica del MEP, determinar las estrategias implementadas por las personas docentes del Liceo de Heredia para abordar esta problemática en el estudiantado, así como analizar las competencias y destrezas requeridas para tal fin. Finalmente, se aplicará un Taller Didáctico con el profesorado de Educación Cívica con el objetivo de proponer estrategias pedagógicas que puedan incorporarse en sus clases.
This research focuses on the prevention of early substance use among young adolescents through the subject of Civics Education, within the context of the Liceo de Heredia (2024-2025). In Costa Rica, various reports from the Institute on Alcoholism and Drug Dependence (IAFA) indicate that the onset of alcohol, tobacco, and marijuana use usually occurs at ages over 13 (IAFA, 2023), with negative consequences for young adolescents' physical and mental health, academic performance, and retention in the educational system. This reality demands an educational response that articulates content, competencies, and teaching practices oriented toward responsible decision-making, specifically with regard to not using drugs. This makes Civics Education a key tool for the early prevention of substance use, and this is the approach adopted at the Liceo de Heredia. Despite the seriousness of the problem, the official Civic Education curriculum of the Ministry of Public Education (MEP), in force since 2009, barely mentions drugs superficially and lacks concrete prevention strategies. This curricular gap limits teachers' ability to address the topic in an integrated and contextualized manner, preventing the citizenship education promoted by the subject from including specific competencies to address risks associated with drug use. The identification of this bias motivates this study, which specifically seeks to understand this gap through research and a workshop proposal, with the aim of proposing ways to strengthen curriculum design and teaching practices. A central aspect of this study is to determine how, through Civic Education, we can contribute to the prevention of early drug use in young adolescents by incorporating competencies and skills by the teaching staff of Heredia High School during the 2024–2025 period. From this goal, four problem-solving questions are formulated, which will be presented later. To address these questions, the study proposes four specific objectives: to examine drug prevention in the MEP Civic Education program, to determine the strategies implemented by Heredia High School teachers to address this issue among students, and to analyze the competencies and skills required for this purpose. Finally, a didactic workshop will be held with Civic Education teachers to propose pedagogical strategies that can be incorporated into their classes.
This research focuses on the prevention of early substance use among young adolescents through the subject of Civics Education, within the context of the Liceo de Heredia (2024-2025). In Costa Rica, various reports from the Institute on Alcoholism and Drug Dependence (IAFA) indicate that the onset of alcohol, tobacco, and marijuana use usually occurs at ages over 13 (IAFA, 2023), with negative consequences for young adolescents' physical and mental health, academic performance, and retention in the educational system. This reality demands an educational response that articulates content, competencies, and teaching practices oriented toward responsible decision-making, specifically with regard to not using drugs. This makes Civics Education a key tool for the early prevention of substance use, and this is the approach adopted at the Liceo de Heredia. Despite the seriousness of the problem, the official Civic Education curriculum of the Ministry of Public Education (MEP), in force since 2009, barely mentions drugs superficially and lacks concrete prevention strategies. This curricular gap limits teachers' ability to address the topic in an integrated and contextualized manner, preventing the citizenship education promoted by the subject from including specific competencies to address risks associated with drug use. The identification of this bias motivates this study, which specifically seeks to understand this gap through research and a workshop proposal, with the aim of proposing ways to strengthen curriculum design and teaching practices. A central aspect of this study is to determine how, through Civic Education, we can contribute to the prevention of early drug use in young adolescents by incorporating competencies and skills by the teaching staff of Heredia High School during the 2024–2025 period. From this goal, four problem-solving questions are formulated, which will be presented later. To address these questions, the study proposes four specific objectives: to examine drug prevention in the MEP Civic Education program, to determine the strategies implemented by Heredia High School teachers to address this issue among students, and to analyze the competencies and skills required for this purpose. Finally, a didactic workshop will be held with Civic Education teachers to propose pedagogical strategies that can be incorporated into their classes.
Descripción
Licenciatura en la Enseñanza de los Estudios Sociales y la Educación Cívica
Palabras clave
ENSEÑANZA SECUNDARIA, SECONDARY EDUCATION, PREVENCIÓN, PREVENTION, DROGAS, DRUGS, EDUCACIÓN CÍVICA, CIVIC EDUCATION, COMPETENCIA (APTITUD), COMPETENCE (ABILITY)
