Identificación de nematodos fitoparásitos asociados a plantas ornamentales de cuatro parques del cantón central de San José
Fecha
2024
Autores
Ly Jiménez, Milena
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Editor
Universidad Nacional, Costa Rica
Resumen
La presente investigación tiene como objetivo determinar la presencia y densidad poblacional de nematodos fitoparásitos asociados a especies ornamentales en cuatro parques de San José, mediante el método de centrifugación en solución azucarada, con el fin de buscar alternativas de combate. Se caracterizaron las poblaciones de nematodos asociadas a 20 especies de plantas ornamentales de los parques Nacional, España, Morazán y Solón Núñez, ubicados en el cantón central de San José. La selección de las especies se basó en criterios que consideraron tanto la importancia ecológica como paisajística, así como su valor estético en los espacios verdes y los requerimientos institucionales establecidos por la Municipalidad de San José. Para la recolección de muestras, se tomaron en 2023 dos muestras (suelo y raíz) de cada especie ornamental, en febrero (época seca) y en mayo (época lluviosa), sumando un total de 80 muestras (40 de suelo y 40 de raíz). En el caso de las muestras de suelo, estas se tomaron de cada macizo floral, entendido como una agrupación de entre 40 y 120 plantas de la misma especie, organizadas con fines paisajísticos. De cada especie ornamental, se tomó una submuestra de suelo de aproximadamente 10 a 15 puntos al azar con un barreno, hasta completar una muestra de 1 kg a una profundidad de entre 20 y 25 cm. Para las muestras de raíces, se recolectaron utilizando una pala para obtener aproximadamente 50 g de cada planta ornamental. Las muestras fueron transportadas en un contenedor térmico (hielera) para evitar cambios repentinos de temperatura que pudieran alterar las condiciones del suelo y raíces. Posteriormente, fueron procesadas en el laboratorio de Nematología de la Universidad Nacional.
The objective of this research is to determine the presence and population density of phytoparasitic nematodes associated with ornamental species in four parks of San José, using the method of centrifugation in sugar solution, in order to search for alternatives for combat. The populations of nematodes associated with 20 species of ornamental plants in the National, España, Morazán and Solón Núñez parks, located in the central canton of San José, were characterized. The selection of the species was based on criteria that considered both ecological and landscape importance, as well as their aesthetic value in green spaces and the institutional requirements established by the Municipality of San José. For the collection of samples, two samples (soil and root) were taken in 2023 from each ornamental species, in February (dry season) and May (rainy season), for a total of 80 samples (40 soil and 40 root samples). In the case of soil samples, these were taken from each flowerbed, understood as a grouping of between 40 and 120 plants of the same species, organized for landscaping purposes. For each ornamental species, a sub-sample of soil was taken from approximately 10 to 15 random points with an auger, until a sample of 1 kg was completed at a depth of between 20 and 25 cm. Root samples were collected using a shovel to obtain approximately 50 g from each ornamental plant. The samples were transported in a thermal container (cooler) to avoid sudden changes in temperature that could alter the conditions of the soil and roots. Subsequently, they were processed in the Nematology laboratory of the National University.
The objective of this research is to determine the presence and population density of phytoparasitic nematodes associated with ornamental species in four parks of San José, using the method of centrifugation in sugar solution, in order to search for alternatives for combat. The populations of nematodes associated with 20 species of ornamental plants in the National, España, Morazán and Solón Núñez parks, located in the central canton of San José, were characterized. The selection of the species was based on criteria that considered both ecological and landscape importance, as well as their aesthetic value in green spaces and the institutional requirements established by the Municipality of San José. For the collection of samples, two samples (soil and root) were taken in 2023 from each ornamental species, in February (dry season) and May (rainy season), for a total of 80 samples (40 soil and 40 root samples). In the case of soil samples, these were taken from each flowerbed, understood as a grouping of between 40 and 120 plants of the same species, organized for landscaping purposes. For each ornamental species, a sub-sample of soil was taken from approximately 10 to 15 random points with an auger, until a sample of 1 kg was completed at a depth of between 20 and 25 cm. Root samples were collected using a shovel to obtain approximately 50 g from each ornamental plant. The samples were transported in a thermal container (cooler) to avoid sudden changes in temperature that could alter the conditions of the soil and roots. Subsequently, they were processed in the Nematology laboratory of the National University.
Descripción
Licenciatura en Ingeniería Agronómica con modalidad: proyecto de graduación
Palabras clave
PLANTAS ORNAMENTALES, ORNAMENTAL PLANTS, NEMATOLOGIA, NEMATOLOGY, PARQUES, PARKS, NEMATODOS PARASITOS DE PLANTAS, PLANT PARASITIC NEMATODES, PLANTAS, PLANTS, PLANTAS ORNAMENTALES, ORNAMENTAL PLANTS, COSTA RICA