Control de calidad de madera en pie y madera aserrada para el mercado de construcción del Grupo Empresarial El Almendro
Fecha
2017
Autores
González Soto, Alejandro
Título de la revista
ISSN de la revista
Título del volumen
Editor
Universidad Nacional (Costa Ria). Escuela de Ciencias Ambientales
Resumen
El Grupo Empresarial El Almendro busca mejorar la integración de la producción
para alcanzar mayor competitividad en el mercado nacional. Para poder lograrlo, se
requiere poder encadenar los principales eslabones de la cadena de valor forestal:
bosque-industria-mercado para contar con materia prima y productos que
respondan a un objetivo. Es necesario establecer controles de calidad en estos
procesos para monitorearlos y poder establecer mejoras en cada uno de ellos. Es
ahí donde surge la importancia de la presente investigación.
Esta investigación se desarrolló en tres etapas, la primera es una valoración de
calidad de tres plantaciones forestales (pino, jaúl y ciprés), para las cuales se
evalúan las trozas comerciales en una escala de uno (calidad excelente) a cuatro
(sin valor comercial). Posteriormente, se realizó una evaluación de calidad de la
madera aserrada obtenida de las plantaciones visitadas, se midieron los defectos
encontrados en 909 unidades muestreadas, además fue clasificada según la norma
INTE 06-07-02 2014. Finalmente, se encuestaron 35 clientes para conocer su
percepción respecto a la calidad de madera.
El 40% de los árboles presentaban torceduras, aun así, el volumen comercial
representaba más del 55% en la clase 1. En madera aserrada, los nudos fueron el
defecto con mayor frecuencia, en 75% de las piezas evaluadas, seguido por el
alabeo, que se registró en 41%. Se encontraron diferencias en dimensionado de
hasta 2 mm, esto junto con la incidencia de defectos generó que el 53% de la
madera se clasificara en clase 2. Pese a esto, 51% de los clientes no manifestaron
problema en la calidad de madera, por el contrario, un 25% mencionaron el alabeo
como el defecto más frecuente. Se propone la aplicación de un protocolo para la
evaluación de la compra de madera en pie para asegurar la calidad en la industria.
Se deben establecer criterios detallados en la clasificación para homogenizar los
paquetes de madera. Un sistema de clasificación bajo la norma generaría
incrementos en ingresos del 1.1% trimestralmente.
The El Almendro Business Group seeks to improve the integration of production to achieve greater competitiveness in the national market. In order to achieve this, It requires being able to link the main links in the forest value chain: forest-industry-market to have raw materials and products that respond to an objective. It is necessary to establish quality controls in these processes to monitor them and to establish improvements in each one of them. It is there where the importance of the present investigation arises. This research was developed in three stages, the first is an assessment of quality of three forest plantations (pine, jaúl and cypress), for which rate commercial logs on a scale of one (excellent quality) to four (without commercial value). Subsequently, a quality assessment of the sawn timber obtained from visited plantations, defects were measured found in 909 sampled units, it was also classified according to the standard INTE 06-07-02 2014. Finally, 35 clients were surveyed to find out their perception regarding the quality of wood. 40% of the trees showed kinks, even so, the commercial volume represented more than 55% in class 1. In sawn wood, the knots were the defect more frequently, in 75% of the parts evaluated, followed by the warpage, which was recorded at 41%. Differences were found in dimensioning of up to 2 mm, this together with the incidence of defects generated that 53% of the wood is classified in class 2. Despite this, 51% of customers did not report wood quality problem, on the contrary, 25% mentioned warping as the most frequent defect. The application of a protocol for the evaluation of the purchase of standing timber to ensure quality in the industry. Detailed criteria should be established in the classification to homogenize the wooden packages. A classification system under the standard would generate 1.1% quarterly revenue increases.
The El Almendro Business Group seeks to improve the integration of production to achieve greater competitiveness in the national market. In order to achieve this, It requires being able to link the main links in the forest value chain: forest-industry-market to have raw materials and products that respond to an objective. It is necessary to establish quality controls in these processes to monitor them and to establish improvements in each one of them. It is there where the importance of the present investigation arises. This research was developed in three stages, the first is an assessment of quality of three forest plantations (pine, jaúl and cypress), for which rate commercial logs on a scale of one (excellent quality) to four (without commercial value). Subsequently, a quality assessment of the sawn timber obtained from visited plantations, defects were measured found in 909 sampled units, it was also classified according to the standard INTE 06-07-02 2014. Finally, 35 clients were surveyed to find out their perception regarding the quality of wood. 40% of the trees showed kinks, even so, the commercial volume represented more than 55% in class 1. In sawn wood, the knots were the defect more frequently, in 75% of the parts evaluated, followed by the warpage, which was recorded at 41%. Differences were found in dimensioning of up to 2 mm, this together with the incidence of defects generated that 53% of the wood is classified in class 2. Despite this, 51% of customers did not report wood quality problem, on the contrary, 25% mentioned warping as the most frequent defect. The application of a protocol for the evaluation of the purchase of standing timber to ensure quality in the industry. Detailed criteria should be established in the classification to homogenize the wooden packages. A classification system under the standard would generate 1.1% quarterly revenue increases.
Descripción
Palabras clave
MADERA, MADERA ELABORADA, PINO, JAÚL, CIPRÉS, CALIDAD, MANEJO FORESTAL
Citación
González-Soto, A. (2017). Control de calidad de madera en pie y madera aserrada para el mercado de construcción del Grupo Empresarial El Almendro. (Tesis para oprtar el grado de licenciatura en ingeniería en ciencias forestales). Universidad Nacional