Estrategias pedagógicas para la mejora de la enseñanza y el aprendizaje en los cursos de laboratorio de Química General de la Universidad Nacional
Fecha
2024
Autores
Salas González, Edwin
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Editor
Universidad Nacional, Costa Rica
Resumen
El laboratorio de química es un espacio donde la teoría y la práctica convergen para construir nuevos aprendizajes, no obstante, es un proceso complejo que no sucede de manera automática ya que requiere apoyarse de herramientas como las estrategias pedagógicas para facilitar la comprensión de los contenidos disciplinares y el desarrollo de aprendizajes verdaderamente significativos. Para este ensayo se realizó una contextualización epistemológica que estableció las bases teóricas y filosóficas que sustentan este tipo de estrategias. Posteriormente se reflexionó acerca de su importancia en el contexto de la educación superior y la praxis docente para preparar estudiantes ante los retos académicos y profesionales del futuro. También se plantearon los principales retos y oportunidades que posee el uso de estas estrategias en la enseñanza de la química, pues las tendencias educativas y herramientas tecnológicas existentes permiten enfrentar los desafíos actuales como las altas tasas de reprobación o falta de motivación estudiantil. Bajo esta misma línea, se presentan algunas estrategias útiles como el aula invertida y la indagación científica, entre otras, para mediar dentro de los laboratorios de química tanto de manera presencial como virtual. Finalmente, se recomendó la integración del DUA para brindar igualdad de oportunidades a los estudiantes que se matriculan en este tipo de cursos.
The chemistry laboratory is a space where theory and practice converge to build new learning experiences. However, this is a complex process that does not happen spontaneously, as it requires the support of tools such as pedagogical strategies to facilitate the understanding of disciplinary content and the development of truly meaningful learning. For this essay, an epistemological contextualization was carried out, establishing the theoretical and philosophical foundations that support these types of strategies. Subsequently, the importance of these strategies in the context of higher education and teaching praxis was reflected upon, preparing students for future academic and professional challenges. Additionally, the main challenges and opportunities of using these strategies in chemistry education were discussed, considering that current educational trends and technological tools help address issues such as high failure rates and lack of student motivation. In line with this, some useful strategies, such as flipped classrooms and scientific inquiry, among others, are presented to facilitate mediation in chemistry laboratories, both in-person and virtually. Finally, the integration of UDL (Universal Design for Learning) was recommended to provide equal opportunities for students enrolled in these types of courses.
The chemistry laboratory is a space where theory and practice converge to build new learning experiences. However, this is a complex process that does not happen spontaneously, as it requires the support of tools such as pedagogical strategies to facilitate the understanding of disciplinary content and the development of truly meaningful learning. For this essay, an epistemological contextualization was carried out, establishing the theoretical and philosophical foundations that support these types of strategies. Subsequently, the importance of these strategies in the context of higher education and teaching praxis was reflected upon, preparing students for future academic and professional challenges. Additionally, the main challenges and opportunities of using these strategies in chemistry education were discussed, considering that current educational trends and technological tools help address issues such as high failure rates and lack of student motivation. In line with this, some useful strategies, such as flipped classrooms and scientific inquiry, among others, are presented to facilitate mediation in chemistry laboratories, both in-person and virtually. Finally, the integration of UDL (Universal Design for Learning) was recommended to provide equal opportunities for students enrolled in these types of courses.
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Palabras clave
APRENDIZAJE, QUÍMICA, ESTRATEGIAS DE ENSEÑANZA, DISEÑO UNIVERSAL PARA EL APRENDIZAJE, ENSEÑANZA SUPERIOR, LEARNING, CHEMISTRY, TEACHING STRATEGIES, HIGHER EDUCATION, UNIVERSAL DESIGN FOR LEARNING