Construcción de capacidades técnicas para el monitoreo del recurso hídrico fluvial de Observatorios Ciudadanos del Agua (OCAs) como estrategia de recuperación ambiental en tramos seleccionados en ríos de la Región Chorotega, Costa Rica.
Fecha
2024
Autores
Araya Martínez, Emmanuel
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Editor
Universidad Nacional, Sede Regional Chorotega
Resumen
Este proyecto se basó en realizar la construcción de capacidades técnicas de Observatorios Ciudadanos del
Agua (OCAs) como estrategia de recuperación ambiental en tramos seleccionados en ríos de la Región
Chorotega, Costa Rica.
Se buscó construir dichas capacidades técnicas en estos grupos organizados debido a la relación que tienen
con recurso hídrico fluvial. Se construyen bajo el amparo de la Alianza Nacional Ríos y Cuencas de Costa
Rica y constituyen lugares de encuentro en los cuales los ciudadanos se unen voluntariamente con el fin de
llevar a cabo acciones concretas para enfrentar los desafíos que presenta la gestión del agua y la protección
de los distintos cuerpos de agua existentes en sus comunidades, Lo cual se adapta a la finalidad del proyecto
y es poder ofrecerles herramientas para poder implementar esto en trabajo de campo y poder trabajar en
conjunto para la recuperación ambiental de los ríos de la Región Chorotega.
Para cumplir con los objetivos del trabajo se realizó una recopilación de información con la finalidad de
comprender diferentes conceptos relevantes para desarrollo del proyecto, por ejemplo, entender qué son los
Observatorios Ciudadanos del Agua, qué es una caracterización hidromorfológica, qué son protocolos de
monitoreo de cuerpos de agua superficial y qué conlleva la recuperación ambiental de los ríos, entre otros.
Además, se realizó una caracterización hidromorfológica para la recopilación de información del área de
incidencia de los OCAs. Para lo cual se realizaron visitas de campo en áreas seleccionadas estratégicamente
con colaboración de integrantes de los OCAs. Estas visitas se realizaron en el área de incidencia del OCA
Río Liberia, OCA Quebrada la Cabra y OCA Nicoya. En estas visitas a campo se realizó recorrido por
diversos puntos de los cauces principales en sitios previamente identificados para corroborar que fueran
puntos de monitoreo aptos para realizar los protocolos simplificados luego de la capacitación a realizar.
Como complemento de visitas de campo para la caracterización se utilizó el software Qgis, esto para conocer
más a detalle las zonas de trabajo de los OCAs mediante el cálculo de parámetros físicos de las subcuencas
o microcuencas en las cuales los Observatorios Ciudadanos del Agua tendrán incidencia en relación al
monitoreo de cuerpos de agua superficial.
Para poder realizar la capacitación fue necesario previamente hacer una búsqueda de protocolos estándar de
monitoreo del recurso hídrico fluvial y basado en esto se hizo la simplificación de estos para aplicarlos en
campo y validarlos mediante el posterior análisis de resultados obtenidos y revisión de los documentos a
simplificar.
En este caso los protocolos simplificados abarcan desde cómo medir la cantidad del agua, clasificar la
calidad del agua y también saber el estado de las áreas ribereñas. El nombre que se le dio a estos protocolos
fue “Protocolo simplificado para la estimación de caudal en ríos y quebradas”, Protocolo simplificado de
Biomonitoreo de la Calidad del Agua en Ríos y Quebradas”, y “Protocolo Simplificado para Conocer el
Estado de las Áreas Ribereñas de los Ríos y Quebradas”.
Finalmente se llevó a cabo fue la capacitación a los OCAs. Dicha capacitación se realizó en el Colegio
Técnico profesional de la comunidad de 27 de abril Santa Cruz, Guanacaste. En donde se concluye que los
protocolos simplificados y enseñados son una herramienta útil y fundamental para la construcción de
capacidades técnicas en los OCAs de la Región Chorotega, esto debido a que pudieron ser aplicados en
campo y una vez obtenidos los resultados pudieron ser analizados por los mismos participantes.
This project was based on building the technical capacities of Citizen Water Observatories (OCAs) as a strategy for environmental recovery in selected stretches of rivers in the Chorotega Region, Costa Rica. We sought to build these technical capacities in these organized groups due to the relationship they have with river water resources. They are built under the umbrella of the National Alliance of Rivers and Watersheds of Costa Rica and constitute meeting places in which citizens voluntarily join together in order to carry out concrete actions to face the challenges of water management and the protection of the different bodies of water existing in their communities, which is adapted to the purpose of the project and is to offer them tools to implement this in field work and to work together for the environmental recovery of the rivers of the Chorotega Region. To meet the objectives of the work, a compilation of information was carried out to understand different concepts relevant to the development of the project, such as understanding what Citizen Water Observatories are, what is a hydromorphological characterization, what are monitoring protocols for surface water bodies, and what is involved in the environmental recovery of rivers, among others. In addition, a hydromorphological characterization was carried out for the collection of information from the area of incidence of the OCAs. For this purpose, field visits were made to strategically selected areas with the collaboration of members of the OCAs. These visits were carried out in the area of incidence of the OCA Río Liberia, OCA Quebrada la Cabra and OCA Nicoya. During these field visits, several points along the main watercourses were visited in previously identified sites to corroborate that they were suitable monitoring points to carry out the simplified protocols after the training to be conducted. As a complement to the field visits for the characterization, Qgis software was used to know in more detail the working areas of the OCAs by calculating the physical parameters of the sub-basins or micro-basins in which the Citizen Water Observatories will have an impact in relation to the monitoring of surface water bodies. In order to carry out the training, it was previously necessary to search for standard protocols for monitoring river water resources and based on this, these protocols were simplified to be applied in the field and validated through the subsequent analysis of the results obtained and review of the documents to be simplified. In this case, the simplified protocols include how to measure water quantity, classify water quality and also know the status of riparian areas. The names given to these protocols were "Simplified Protocol for the estimation of flow in rivers and streams", "Simplified Protocol for the Biomonitoring of Water Quality in Rivers and Streams", and "Simplified Protocol for Knowing the State of Riparian Areas of Rivers and Streams". Finally, training was provided to the OCAs. The training was held at the Professional Technical College of the community of 27 de Abril Santa Cruz, Guanacaste. It was concluded that the simplified and taught protocols are a useful and fundamental tool for the construction of technical capacities in the OCAs of the Chorotega Region, since they could be applied in the field and once the results were obtained, they could be analyzed by the participants themselves.
This project was based on building the technical capacities of Citizen Water Observatories (OCAs) as a strategy for environmental recovery in selected stretches of rivers in the Chorotega Region, Costa Rica. We sought to build these technical capacities in these organized groups due to the relationship they have with river water resources. They are built under the umbrella of the National Alliance of Rivers and Watersheds of Costa Rica and constitute meeting places in which citizens voluntarily join together in order to carry out concrete actions to face the challenges of water management and the protection of the different bodies of water existing in their communities, which is adapted to the purpose of the project and is to offer them tools to implement this in field work and to work together for the environmental recovery of the rivers of the Chorotega Region. To meet the objectives of the work, a compilation of information was carried out to understand different concepts relevant to the development of the project, such as understanding what Citizen Water Observatories are, what is a hydromorphological characterization, what are monitoring protocols for surface water bodies, and what is involved in the environmental recovery of rivers, among others. In addition, a hydromorphological characterization was carried out for the collection of information from the area of incidence of the OCAs. For this purpose, field visits were made to strategically selected areas with the collaboration of members of the OCAs. These visits were carried out in the area of incidence of the OCA Río Liberia, OCA Quebrada la Cabra and OCA Nicoya. During these field visits, several points along the main watercourses were visited in previously identified sites to corroborate that they were suitable monitoring points to carry out the simplified protocols after the training to be conducted. As a complement to the field visits for the characterization, Qgis software was used to know in more detail the working areas of the OCAs by calculating the physical parameters of the sub-basins or micro-basins in which the Citizen Water Observatories will have an impact in relation to the monitoring of surface water bodies. In order to carry out the training, it was previously necessary to search for standard protocols for monitoring river water resources and based on this, these protocols were simplified to be applied in the field and validated through the subsequent analysis of the results obtained and review of the documents to be simplified. In this case, the simplified protocols include how to measure water quantity, classify water quality and also know the status of riparian areas. The names given to these protocols were "Simplified Protocol for the estimation of flow in rivers and streams", "Simplified Protocol for the Biomonitoring of Water Quality in Rivers and Streams", and "Simplified Protocol for Knowing the State of Riparian Areas of Rivers and Streams". Finally, training was provided to the OCAs. The training was held at the Professional Technical College of the community of 27 de Abril Santa Cruz, Guanacaste. It was concluded that the simplified and taught protocols are a useful and fundamental tool for the construction of technical capacities in the OCAs of the Chorotega Region, since they could be applied in the field and once the results were obtained, they could be analyzed by the participants themselves.
Descripción
Palabras clave
HIDROLOGIA, RECURSOS HIDRICOS, RIOS, CUENCAS, REGION CHOROTEGA (COSTA RICA), HYDROLOGY, WATER RESOURCES, RIVERS, BASINS