Ponencias

URI permanente para esta colecciónhttp://10.0.96.45:4000/handle/11056/14609

Examinar

Mostrando 1 - 17 de 17

Integrating Volcanic Sources into the Tsunami Warning System for the Caribbean and Adjacent Regions
(Sociedad Sismológica Americana (SSA), 2023-04-17) Von Hillebrandt-Andrade, Christa; Clouard, Valerie; Sostre-Cortés, Jelis; Vanacore, Elizabeth; Aliaga, Bernardo; Angove, Michael; Arcos, Nicolas; Chacon-Barrantes, Silvia; Dourado, Francisco; Gómez Ramos, Octavio; Joseph, Erouscilla; Kong, Laura; Lynch, Lloyd; McCreery, Charles; McNamara, Daniel; Paris, Raphael; Rodríguez, Lizzette; Watlington, Roy
One of the goals of the UN Decade Ocean Science Tsunami Programme is that by 2030 actionable notifications are issued for all tsunamis, irrespective of source. In the Caribbean, 14% of all probable and definite historical tsunamis are associated with volcanoes (NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information). A tsunami triggered by the the Hunga Tonga Hunga Ha'apai eruption of January 15, 2022, was the most recent to be observed in the Caribbean and adjacent regions. This event as well as the eruption and related tsunami at Anak Krakatau (2018) and the eruptions of Kick’em Jenny (2015, 2017, 2018, 2020), Saint Vincent (2020) and La Palma (2021) reinforced the need for a tsunami warning system that can handle such non-seismic events. The UNESCO/IOC Intergovernmental Coordination Group for the Tsunami and Other Coastal Hazards Warning System for the Caribbean and Adjacent Regions was established in 2005. It coordinates tsunami warning and mitigation activities, including the issuance of tsunami bulletins for its 48 Member States and territories. Following the eruptions of Kick‘em Jenny in 2015, it established the Volcanic Sources Task Team to address the challenge of these nonseismic sources. A warning system, as the one operated by Tsunami Service Providers, (TSP, ie, the Pacific Tsunami Warning Center), is classically based on seismic and sea level data. Determined earthquake locations and magnitudes trigger initial action from the TSP, while sea level data confirm tsunami generation and help refine forecasts. For volcano sources, the task team has proposed that volcano observatories send messages to the TSP’s alerting them to potential and ongoing eruptions. These messages, vis a vis seismic information, would be the basis for TSP’s to issue initial standardized bulletins and products. The 2019 and 2023 CARIBE WAVE exercises included scenarios to test products and procedures for volcanic sources. However, more actions are required, including advancing the modeling of volcano scenarios and forecasting of triggered tsunamis, as well as expanding observations, including seismic and geodetic.
Ocean Decade Project: Integrating Coastal Hazard Early Warning Systems for the Tropical Americas and Caribbean(iCHEWS)
(IUGG, 2023-07-15) Von Hillebrandt-Andrade, Christa; Torres, Jair; Bayouth-Garcia, Desiree; Cabrera, Edgard; Wilson, Doug; Innis, Lorna; Pinardi, Nadia; Brome, Alison; Chacon-Barrantes, Silvia; Blythe-Mallett, Azra; Nibbs, Farah; Smail, Emily; Aliaga, Bernardo
In June 2021, UNESCO IOC approved the Ocean Decade Tsunami Programme (ODTP) in response to the call to action by the UN Ocean Decade of Ocean Science for Sustainable Development (2021-2030). The ODTP has two overarching goals: (1) develop the warning system’s capability to issue actionable and timely forecasts for tsunamis from all identified sources for all communities at risk, and (2) 100% of communities at risk are prepared and resilient to tsunamis by 2030. In 2022, a Scientific Committee for ODTP was established to develop a 10-Year Research, Development and Implementation Plan to reach these two objectives. This presentation will focus on three of the four areas of the plan: -Enhance tsunami risk assessments and research on technologies, so the countries know their expected vulnerability and threat (tsunami characteristics), and can identify and prioritize the at-risk communities. -Ensure all National Tsunami Warning Centres have access to data, tools and communication platforms, protocols and training to timely and effectively warn coastal and maritime communities threatened by tsunamis and other coastal hazards that are integrated into a multi-hazard framework. -Emphasize the importance of building tsunami resilient communities that are prepared and ready to respond through the UNESCO IOC Tsunami Ready Recognition Programme. Tsunami Ready is a global, voluntary community-based effort approved in 2022. It has 12 indicators categorized into Assessment, Preparedness and Response, and thus addresses all of the three aforementioned areas of the Plan. The objectives will be achieved through involvement of stakeholders at all levels and attention on capacity development and governance.
Tsunami causado por la erupción del volcán Hunga Tonga - Hunga Ha’apai: registros en Costa Rica y lecciones aprendidas
(Colegio de geólogos de Costa Rica, 2022-06-29) Chacon-Barrantes, Silvia; Rivera, Fabio; Murillo Gutiérrez, Anthony
El tsunami causado por la erupción del volcán Hunga Tonga - Hunga Ha’apai fue el primer tsunami de origen volcánico registrado en Costa Rica y el número 41 del que se tiene registro. Fue ampliamente observado por muchas personas al haber arribado al mediodía de un sábado de enero durante las vacaciones escolares y en plena temporada seca. Fue reportado como variaciones de nivel del mar, corrientes fuertes y erosión costera. Las redes sociales y los contactos en comunidades costeras permitieron al SINAMOT registrar estas observaciones con testimonios, fotos y videos. La mayoría de ellas se dieron en comunidades en las cuales se ha realizado algún tipo de trabajo en preparación ante tsunamis por parte de SINAMOT y la CNE, o en comunidades aledañas a estas. Algunos de los lugares en los que se registró este tsunami cuentan con varios registros anteriores, lo que sugiere que son lugares propensos a amplificar los tsunamis. Adicionalmente, este tsunami se registró en los tres mareógrafos del país, incluyendo el de Limón en el Caribe, que registró variaciones de nivel del mar correspondientes a las horas estimadas de llegada de las ondas de choque provinientes del este. Costa Rica recibió la comunicación del tsunami con varias horas de retraso y por un canal no oficial. Sin embargo, gracias a la existencia de protocolos y su correcta ejecución, a SINAMOT le fue posible caracterizar la amenaza adecuadamente como Amenaza Menor y a la CNE emitir la alerta respectiva. En algunas playas, personal de instituciones de primera respuesta, guardavidas y otros notificaron a las personas que salieran del agua, pero en muchas otras las personas no se enteraron del tsunami hasta horas después. Entonces, una de las lecciones aprendidas de este tsunami es la necesidad de mejorar los mecanismos y procedimientos de diseminación de alertas de tsunami. Adicionalmente, para alertas que sólo están relacionadas a corrientes fuertes, resulta necesario especificar en las recomendaciones de SINAMOT los lugares que serán más afectados (como marinas, esteros, desembocaduras de ríos, etc.) y que estas corrientes pueden mantenerse por más de 24 horas, como sucedió en este caso.
Tsunamis más grandes de la historia de Costa Rica
(Congreso Nacional de Gestión del Riesgo de Desastres y Adaptación al Cambio Climático, 2022-10-19) Chacon-Barrantes, Silvia; Murillo Gutiérrez, Anthony; Rivera, Fabio
Aquí mostramos los tsunamis más grandes de la historia de Costa Rica a partir del Catálogo de tsunamis de Costa Rica, en el periodo de 1746-2021. En un país donde existe la creencia generalizada de que nunca hemos experimentado tsunamis, este trabajo contribuye al rescate de la historia de nuestras costas. Saber que hubo tsunamis en el pasado en nuestro país, cómo fueron y cuáles fueron sus afectaciones, representa una herramienta muy valiosa para incrementar la preparación ante tsunamis. Saber qué puede pasar es el primer paso para estar preparados. Aquí presentamos los efectos del tsunami de Nicoya de 1950, Nicaragua de 1992 y Limón de 1991. Los tres fueron de origen local y llegaron pocos minutos después del sismo. En el caso del tsunami de Limón del 22 de abril de 1991, es el único para el cual se registran fallecimientos en Costa Rica. El terremoto de Nicoya del 5 de octubre de 1950 fue causado por el sismo más fuerte medido originado en Costa Rica, afortunadamente gran parte de la deformación fue en tierra y el tsunami fue moderado. En el caso del tsunami de Nicaragua del 2 de setiembre de 1992, la orientación de nuestras costas respecto al área de deformación causó que también las alturas fueran moderadas a pesar de haber sucedido durante la marea alta.
A first estimation of Tsunami Hazard of the Caribbean Coast of Costa Rica from Local and Distant Seismogenic Sources
(IV Assembly of the Latin American and Caribbean Seismological Commission, LACSC 2022, 2022-10-04) Chacon-Barrantes, Silvia; Murillo Gutiérrez, Anthony; Rivera, Fabio
Costa Rica has experienced 41 tsunamis since 1746, 36 of them at the Pacific coast and only 5 at the Caribbean coast. However, the oldest record belongs to the Caribbean coast, as well as the only tsunami that has caused deaths in Costa Rica: the 1991 Limón tsunami.
Numerical modeling of tsunamis originated at Colombia-Ecuador Trench for Costa Rica
(IV Assembly of the Latin American and Caribbean Seismological Commission, LACSC 2022, 2022-10-04) Chacon-Barrantes, Silvia; Rivera, Fabio; Murillo Gutiérrez, Anthony
Costa Rica is exposed to tsunamis at both Pacific and Caribbean coasts. Costa Rica has experienced 41 tsunamis since 1746 with moderated impact (Chacón-Barrantes et al., 2021), but the coastal population has increased exponentially in the past decades. Chacón-Barrantes and ArozarenaLlopis (2021) performed a first estimation of tsunami hazard for the Pacific coast of Costa Rica using local and distant seismic sources. For distant tsunamis they used combinations of unitary sources with a standard Mw=9.3 around the Pacific basin. They found that tsunamis originated at the Colombia-Ecuador Subduction Zone represent one of the highest threats for Costa Rica. In 2019, IOC/UNESCO organized the Experts Meeting on Tsunami Sources, Hazards, Risk and Uncertainties Associated with the Colombia-Ecuador Subduction Zone (IOC-UNESCO, 2021). At this meeting, seven worst-case scenarios were proposed along the 1220-km-length trench. Six scenarios have magnitudes from Mw=7.9 to Mw=8.7 with high probability of occurrence and one multi-segment scenario was considered possible but less likely to occur, rupturing along 560 km with a Mw=8.9. (IOC-UNESCO, 2020). Here, we model the tsunami inundation caused by these scenarios at Bahía Culebra, Potrero, Tamarindo, Sámara, Tambor, Puntarenas, Jacó, Quepos and Coco’s Island. The inundation areas and flow depths obtained with these scenarios were smaller than those obtained previously with Mw=9.3 unitary sources, as expected. Still, the arrival times are between 90 minutes and 2.5 hours, which requires a strong community preparedness and a prompt response by local authorities to ensure a timely evacuation.
Progress in Preparing a Draft 10-Year Research, Development, and Implementation Plan for Ocean Decade Tsunami Programme (2021-2030)
(2022-10-25) Hayashi, Y; Tummala, S. K.; Angove, Michael; Barrientos, Sergio; Chacón Barrantes, Silvia; Coetze, David; Von Hillebrandt-Andrade, Christa; Rabinovich, Alexander; Rayahu, Harkunti; Schindele, Francois; Yahav, Amir; Aliaga Rossel, Bernardo; Bailey, Rick J.; Chang Seng, Dennis; Haidar, Angelos
In December 2017, the United Nations General Assembly adopted the 'United Nations Decade of Ocean Science for Sustainable Development (2021-2030)' resolution. It aims to significantly advance several research and technology development areas with a view to generating six societal outcomes (Ryabinin et al., 2019) including 'A Safe Ocean'. In June 2021, the Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commission (IOC) General Assembly established the 'Ocean Decade Tsunami Programme' (ODTP). The IOC also established the Scientific Committee (SC) as an advisory. The Working Group on Tsunamis and Other Hazards related to Sea Level Warning and Mitigation Systems (TOWS-WG) will act as the global steering committee of the ODTP. The implementation or coordination of roles for the regional aspects of the programme will be performed by four Intergovernmental Coordination Groups (ICGs). The SC has an advisory role to TOWS-WG for the duration of the ODTP. Members (two-year terms, renewable) of the SC are nominated by the TOWS-WG and each of the TOWS-WG Task Teams. It currently consists of 11 members (including the Chairperson S. K. TUMMALA) from 10 countries. The initial task of SC is to develop the Draft 10-Year Research, Development, and Implementation Plan for ODTP (Draft 10-Year Plan) for endorsement by the TOWS-WG. The committee has been preparing for the draft implementation plan by holding meetings in February and June 2022. It has extracted key issues on each area as follows: tsunami risk knowledge; monitoring, detection, and analysis and forecasting of tsunamis; warning dissemination and communication, preparedness, and response capabilities. The Draft 10-Year Plan will be promoting to advancing the monitoring, detection, analysis, and prediction of tsunamis, including those generated by non-seismic sources. The plan will include focus areas related to tsunami warning capabilities, such as the ITU/WMO/UNESCO-IOC Joint Task Force SMART Subsea Cables effort and collaboration with the Nippon Foundation-GEBCO Seabed 2030 project. The Draft 10-Year Plan will improve the societal outcome (A Safe Ocean) of the Ocean Decade with the aim of making 100% of the communities at risk of tsunami prepared for and resilient to tsunamis by 2030 through the implementation of the UNESCO/IOC Tsunami Ready Programme and other initiatives. Once the first draft is compiled, it will be made available to the member states of the IOC, scientific communities, and other stakeholders for comments. A final draft will be compiled by the committee on the basis of the collected opinions. Thereafter, the approval procedure will commence in IOC.
Characterizing tsunami signals from the Hunga Tonga-Hunga-Ha’apai eruption and its effects on the Caribbean
(American Geophysical Union, 2022-12-13) Sostre-Cortés, Jelis; Vanacore, Elizabeth A.; von Hillebrandt-Andrade, Christa; Watlington, Roy A.; Joseph, Erouscilla P.; Dourado, Francisco; Colón Rodríguez, Benjamín; Fontaine, Fabrice J.; Chacón Barrantes, Silvia; Paris, Raphael; Robertson, Richard E.A.; Mercado, Aurelio; Gómez Ramos, Octavio; McNamara, Daniel E.; Soto, Stephanie; Clouard, Valerie; Brome, Alison; Aliaga, Bernardo; Kong, Laura S.L.; Deroussi, Sebastien
The Hunga Tonga Hunga Ha'apai eruption of January 15 2022, was a rare geological event, resulting in atmospheric pressure waves being recorded around the world. The event caused significant environmental consequences, including sea-level fluctuations in the Caribbean. The focus of this research is to analyze the tsunami and pressure waves generated in the Caribbean, by this volcanic eruption. These perturbations are uncommon and have not been seen in many occurrences, let alone with global implications. Modern instrumentation in the Caribbean including both barometers and sea-level stations provided a unique opportunity to observe and analyze this event. A comprehensive review of the observations recorded in the Caribbean and adjacent regions linking the barometric observations to sea level perturbations, including observations of the lead/lag of the sea level perturbations relative to the barometric pressure spikes and the frequency content of observable sea level perturbations is presented in this study. For instance, at several stations in Puerto Rico, 7 barometric spikes were observed of which the first 3 generated a significant sea level observation. Notably in Puerto Rico the second barometric spike lagged the sea level anomaly by ~80 minutes. Factors complicating observations or non-observations such as land-water interactions as well as interference from factors such as a strong cold front will also be discussed. The goal of this study, which will integrate observations from across the Caribbean, is to better understand the nature of this unique event and how it was observed in the region. As such, this research can offer insight into the factors that may influence volcanic tsunamis, which is invaluable for developing tsunami warning and response protocols.
Tsunami Exercises on a Remote Basis: Costa Rican experiences
(Seismological Society of America, 2021-04-21) Chacon-Barrantes, Silvia; Rivera Cerdas, Fabio
As part of the guidelines to obtain the Tsunami Ready recognition from IOC/ UNESCO, the Pacific communities of Tamarindo and Uvita were required to perform a tsunami exercise. On the 16 March 2020 started in Costa Rica the lockdown because of the SARS-Cov2 virus. The measures correspond- ing to the lockdown have alternatively relaxed and tightened since then, but have implied telework for the University staff and the suspension of domestic trips. The National Emergency Commission (CNE), the Costa Rica disaster management office, suspended all gatherings that were not strictly necessary. Therefore, the tsunami exercises planned for both Tamarindo and Uvita were suspended. Despite all these limitations, it was possible to carry out remote table-top tsunami exercises with both communities, with representatives from SINAMOT participating in the video calls. In Tamarindo, the Community Emergency Committee (CCE in Spanish) met at a hotel in separate rooms, in this way the CCE was able to better control the exercise. In Uvita, each partici- pant was in a separate location, from where they participated in a group video call as well as individual telephone calls. Having the table-top exercises on a remote basis had some advantages: 1. it represented a more realistic scenario where the participants were not in the same room and had to make decisions on a remote basis. 2. It generated a better evaluation of the message dissemi- nated within the participants and of the technological capacities of the CCE in case of emergency. 3. It simplified the evaluation process, as all the mes- sages were recorded. Theoretically, the exercises completed the guidelines for both communities to become Tsunami Ready. However, Costa Rica National Tsunami Ready Board hasn’t been able to meet, as authorities from CNE belonging to this board are completely devoted to the sanitary emergency.
New records of historical tsunamis obtained from Costa Rican newspapers
(American Geophysical Union, 2020-12-14) Chacon-Barrantes, Silvia; Murillo Gutiérrez, Anthony; Rivera Cerdas, Fabio
Costa Rica has few records of historical tsunamis, due to traditionally low populated coasts and moderate tsunami potential, among other reasons. As part of the writing of the first tsunami catalog of Costa Rica, the authors performed an extensive search of reports that can be associated with tsunamis on newspapers from 1851 to 1992, at the Costa Rica National Library database (SINABI, 2020). The dates searched were related to 25 earthquakes originated in Costa Rica, Nicaragua and Panamá, from 1851 to 1992, with Mw > 6.0 or MMI > VII. Also, four remote tsunamis were considered: 1906 Colombia, 1952 Kamchatka, 1960 Chile and 1964 Alaska. For each event, we searched newspapers starting from the day after the earthquake until 15 days after. We found reports that refer certainly to tsunamis for the 1906 Colombia and 1941 Osa (5 December) earthquakes. For both tsunamis there were records from witnesses at other locations in Costa Rica, and the 1941 tsunamis (5 and 6 December) were the first recorded in tide gauges in Costa Rica. We also found entries on newspapers that might refer to tsunamis but cannot be conJrmed, linked to 1916 Papagayo, 1916 Bocas del Toro and 1924 Tárcoles earthquakes. Bocas del Toro tsunami was registered in Panamá; the other two earthquakes were caused by subduction in the Middle America Trench and thus very likely caused tsunamis; although there are no records linked to them. These three events were classified as probable tsunamis for the catalog. For the 1905 Nicoya Gulf earthquake, we found a reference of coastal landslides that might be related to the tsunami experienced in Cocos Island. Here we geolocalize the entries found and discuss them in terms of what is known from the respective earthquake and tsunami. We could not Jnd any information in the newspapers related to the tsunamis: 1950 Nicoya, 1952 Kamchatka, 1960 Chile, 1964 Alaska,1983 Golfito, 1990 Cóbano, 1991 Valle de la Estrella and 1992 Nicaragua, despite they were recorded at tide gauges and/or observed by witnesses. This was particularly unexpected for the tsunamis of 1991 and 1992, as they were the largest recorded at Caribbean and Pacific coasts of Costa Rica, respectively. The reports of abnormal sea level changes in newspapers provided a valuable complement to the records from other sources, and for some events are the only record available.
Análisis de Registros de Tsunamis anteriores a 1969 observados en la estación de Puntarenas
(IV Congreso Nacional de Gestión del Riesgo y Adaptación al Cambio Climático, Heredia, 10 y 11 de octubre 2018, 2018) Chacon-Barrantes, Silvia; Murillo Gutiérrez, Anthony; Rivera Cerdas, Fabio; Vega Vega, José
Los mareógrafos de Puntarenas, Quepos y Limón fueron instalados en la década de 1940 como una colaboración entre el Instituto Geográfico Nacional (IGN) y la Agencia Nacional Atmosférica y Oceanográfica de los Estados Unidos (NOAA). El IGN enviaba los rollos de papel con los regis- tros mareográficos a la NOAA, quienes los procesaban y los devolvían al IGN para su almacenamiento. Sin embargo, en 1969 estos rollos de papel fueron destruidos en el IGN. Recientemente, gracias a la colaboración del Centro Nacional de Información Ambiental (NCEI) de la NOAA, hemos recuperado varios registros de tsunamis anteriores a ese año, correspon- dientes al mareógrafo de Puntarenas, en forma de imágenes digitales. Los registros incluyen tres tsunamis locales y tres lejanos. Los eventos locales corresponden a dos tsunamis en 1941 en la Península de Osa (Mw 7.3 y Mw 6.9), y uno en 1950 en la Península de Nicoya (Mw 7.8). Los eventos lejanos corresponden a los tsunamis de Kamchatka, Rusia, de 1952 (Mw 9.0), Islas Andreanof, Alaska de 1957 (Mw 8.7) y Chile de 1960 (Mw 9.5). Estos mareogramas de tsunamis no han sido publicados anteriormente, aunque sí constan en bases de datos de tsunamis con las alturas máximas.
Gestionando el riesgo por tsunami desde las comunidades
(IV Congreso Nacional de Gestión del Riesgo y Adaptación al Cambio Climático, Heredia 10 y 11 de octubre 2018, 2018) Rivera Cerdas, Fabio; Chacon-Barrantes, Silvia
En caso de que la Comisión Nacional de Prevención de Riesgos y Atención de Emergencias (CNE) declare alerta por tsunami, las personas que se encuentran zonas de riesgo deben evacuar antes de la llegada de la primera ola. Para asegurar que la evacuación se dé en un tiempo adecuado las rutas de evacuación deben estar predeterminadas y señalizadas, y la comunidad debe conocerlas con anticipación, lo que se logra con mapas de evacuación por tsunami. El Programa Red de Observación del Nivel del Mar e Investigación de Amenazas Costeras (RONMAC), se encuentra elaborando mapas de evacuación en caso de tsunamis para 28 comunidades en el Pacífico Central y Pacífico Norte. Para esto se usan modelos numéricos de propagación e inundación por tsunami, SIG y cartografía participativa.
Tsunami Threat Assessment for the North and Central Pacific Coast of Costa Rica
(Seismological Research Letters, 2018) Chacon-Barrantes, Silvia
A joint international conference of the Seismological Society of America (SSA) and the Latin American and Caribbean Seismological Commission (LACSC) will be held in Miami, Florida on 14 – 17 May 2018. The conference is the first joint meeting of SSA and LACSC, one of four Regional Commissions of the International Association of Seismology and Physics of the Earth´’s Interior (IASPEI)
Numerical Simulation of Several Tectonic Tsunami Sources at the Caribbean Basin
(2016) Chacon-Barrantes, Silvia; Lopez-Venegas, Alberto; Macías, Jorge; Zamora, Natalia; Moore, Christopher; Llorente Isidro, Miguel
According to the NGDC/WDS Global Historical Tsunami Database, the Caribbean Sea has experienced more than 100 historical tsunamis. The most recent tsunami observed in this basin was caused by the 2010 Haity Mw 7.0 earthquake with up to 3.2 runup (Fritz et al. 2013). Still, as tsunamis are not frequent in this basin, tsunami awareness represents a challenge even more because of population increase, tourism, infrastructure and development along the coastal area. The Intergovernmental Coordination Group of the Early Warning System for Tsunamis and Other Coastal threats in the Caribbean Sea and Adjacent Regions (ICG / CARIBE - EWS) seeks to increase tsunami preparedness in the region. Its Hazard Assessment Working Group (WG2) has been assigned the task of identifying potential tsunami sources. During 2016 IOC/UNESCO sponsored three Experts Meetings on Tectonic Tsunami Sources focusing on Honduras, Central America and the Dominican Republic southern coast. The work presented here is part of the results the WG2 has obtained by modeling the credible worst – case scenarios among others, as well as provide future scenarios for CaribeWave exercises.
Modeling the Tsunami Potential along the Pacific Coast of Central America
(2018) Chacon-Barrantes, Silvia
Along the Pacific of Central America the Cocos plate subducts beneath the Caribbean plate, at the Middle America Trench (MAT). There are no records of mega earthquakes originated there; probably associated to the low coupling in some sections and the presence of seismic barriers. However, moderate ruptures have caused important tsunami runups in the region in 1992 (Ide et al. 1993) and in 2012 (Borrero et al. 2014). Scenarios presented here were defined as worst – case – scenario by 20 experts on seismology, tsunamis and tsunami modeling (Fig. 1.1), based on historical events and / or tectonic and geodetic data. They met in 2016 under the coordination of IOC / UNESCO to discuss the tsunami potential at Central America. Although some scenarios have a low probability of occurrence, they should be taken into account for preparedness purposes.
Caribbean and Adjacent Regions Tsunami Sources and Models (CATSAM) Map Viewer
(2018) Chacon-Barrantes, Silvia; Arcos, Nicolas; VARNER, JESSE; López, Alberto M.
Since 2011, UNESCO - Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commission (IOC) Experts Meetings and CaribeWave exercises have resulted in a variety of tsunami models of credible scenarios that would impact the Caribbean and adjacent regions. However, results generated from such scenarios were not readily available to potential users such as emergency management officials and decision makers. During the 12th Session of the Tsunami and Other Coastal Hazards Warning System for the Caribbean and Adjacent Regions (ICG/CARIBE-EWS) in May 2017, a formal recommendation was adopted for the working group on Hazard Assessment to compile the aforementioned tsunami scenarios with their associated tsunami energy plots in addition to other valuable tsunami data products from NOAAs National Centers for Environmental Information (NCEI), and World Data Service (WDS) for Geophysics. In response to this recommendation, the Caribbean and Adjacent Regions Tsunami Sources and Models (CATSAM) map viewer was developed by NCEI/WDS and the Universidad Nacional, Costa Rica. CATSAM is intended to be a tool for modelers and hazard assessment professionals, based on the UNESCO/IOC led efforts on defining tsunami potential within the region. It provides the seismic parameters to reproduce the scenarios, as well as how they overlap with the Global Historical Tsunami Database developed and maintained by NCEI/WDS. CATSAM currently has 41 defined rupture geometries and 13 energy plots divided into 15 sub-regions. The map viewer was implemented using the ArcGIS API for JavaScript, built upon geospatial services published with ArcGIS Enterprise. While CATSAM is an initiative of the ICG/CARIBE-EWS, upcoming IOC/UNESCO Experts Meetings on tsunami sources for Pacific subregions could provide an augmented collection of tsunami scenarios for other tsunami prone areas of the world.
Tsunamis from Tectonic Sources along Caribbean Plate Boundaries
(2015) Lopez-Venegas, Alberto; Chacon-Barrantes, Silvia; Zamora, Natalia; Audermard, Franck; Dondin, Frederic; Clouard, Valerie; Lovholt, Finn; Harbitz, Carl Bonnevie; Vanacore, Elizabeth; Huérfano, Victo
The Caribbean region, home to more than 100 million people, has seen for the last 500 years at Least 75 documented tsunamis (von Hillebrandt-Andrade, 2013). It has been estimated that more than 4500 people have perished as a result (Dunbar et al, 2008; see Figure 2). The Working Group 2 (WG2) of the ICG/CARIBE-EWS in charge of Tsunami Hazard Assessment is a multinational group of experts from and outside the Caribbean region currently focusing on various tsunami aspects. The WG2 has been assigned the task of compiling a list of most credible sources from tectonic origin for the Caribbean nations. For this poster, a subgroup within the WG2 has been formed to evaluate published literature on tsunami sources and develop a comprehensive list based solely on credible sources evaluated through geological and geophysical studies, and seismology. This poster presents the sources and their justification as most-probable tsunami sources based on the context of crustal deformation due to Caribbean plate interacting with neighboring plates and deforming microplates within the plate`s boundaries.

Examinar

Envíos recientes