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Direct immunofluorescence test for Campylobacter fetus subsp. venerealis in breeding bulls of Costa Rica
(Universidad Nacional, Costa Rica, 2025-09-30) Navarro, Leonel; Urbina, Andrea; Chacón, Jorge
Bovine genital campylobacteriosis (BGC) is a venereal infectious disease caused by a Gram-negative bacillus Campylobacter fetus subspecies venerealis (Cfv) that impairs the reproductive efficiency in cattle herds. The clinical diagnosis of BGC is made due to low fertility in the breeding herd but must be confirmed by laboratory methods. The distribution of the disease is worldwide, especially in cattle herds where natural mating is the main breeding system. However, data from Costa Rica are lacking. This study aimed to detect the presence of Campylobacter fetus subsp. venerealis (Cfv) in scrapings collected from the preputial mucosa of breeding bulls allocated in the North Huetar and North Pacific regions of Costa Rica using direct immunofluorescence (DIF). No data regarding reproductive problems were available in the 157 participating farms. Scrapings of the preputial mucosa were collected using a plastic rod-type aspirator-scraper introduced into the preputial cavity and stored in formaline phosphate buffered at 1 % and subsequently analyzed by DIF. All the bulls tested yielded negative for the pathogen. The possible causes related to this result are discussed.