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URI permanente para esta colecciónhttp://10.0.96.45:4000/handle/11056/26464
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Ítem Haplotypes of Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus larvae detected in 18 districts of Costa Rica(Universidad Nacional, Costa Rica, 2025-07) Beltre-Nuñez, Edwin; Flores-Nuñez, Sonia; Arguello Vargas, Silvia; Solorzano-Morales, Antony; Dolz, GabyThere are approximately 3,500 species of mosquitoes distributed on all continents except Antarctica. Some of these species are important since they transmit diseases (Aguirre & Navarro, 2017). Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus belong to the Culicidae family of the Diptera order and are biological vectors of more than 26 viruses, including dengue virus, chikungunya virus and Zika virus, impacting public health and posing an economic burden on hospitals, especially in tropical and subtropical regions (Cadavid et al., 2015; McKenzie et al., 2019). Approximately two-fifths of the global population are at risk of contracting dengue fever, and an estimated 500,000 people are affected by hemorrhagic disease annually, with mortality rates exceeding 20% (Guo et al., 2016; Hemme et al., 2010). The chikungunya virus can also present as hemorrhagic disease; it also causes meningoencephalitis and myocarditis (Arredondo et al., 2016), whereas Zika causes severe joint pain, Guillain–Barré syndrome and congenital anomalies such as microcephaly (Plourde & Bloch 2016).Ítem Potential Pesticide Misuse in Agriculture Farms from Two Costa Rican Provinces(2023-09-25) Sánchez-Menjivar, María; Villalobos-Sequeira, Jenny; Ramírez-Muñóz, Fernando; Blanco-Peña, KinndlePesticide misuse by farmers poses a human, animal, and environmental health hazard. Inadequate storage practices, incorrect pesticide selection, and pesticide formulation overuse were documented in agriculture farms from the Cartago and Guanacaste provinces in Costa Rica. Storage room characteristics in many farms do not follow safety standards for these facilities, as indicated by the Costa Rican Ministry of Agriculture and Livestock. Different active ingredients with herbicidal, fungicidal, insecticidal, and bactericidal action are used in crop species for which they are not recommended. These included substances belonging to the carbamate, pyridine, cyclohexanedione, pyrethroid, conazole, benzothiazinone, oxadiazine, and phthalimide chemical groups in Cartago province; and to the neonicotinoid and pyrethroid chemical groups in Guanacaste province. Many pesticide formulations are used in greater amounts than those recommended by manufacturers, among them were bifenthrin, captan, oxamyl, cypermethrin, mancozeb, dimethoate, and deltamethrin in Cartago province, and imidacloprid in Guanacaste province. These substances and their secondary metabolites have the potential to move across different environmental compartments such as water, soil, and air and negatively affect the health of community members rather than just farmers applying these formulations. Well-established pesticide education programs based on on-site visits to farmers can enhance awareness in implementing good practices and ensure rational use of these substances, with positive results in non-target organisms such as humans and ecosystem service providers as well as natural and anthropogenic ecosystems.