Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud

URI permanente para esta comunidadhttp://10.0.96.45:4000/handle/11056/14051

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Appraisal of the epidemiology of Neospora caninum infection in Costa Rican dairy cattle
(Wageningen Institute of Animal Science, 2005) ROMERO-ZUÑIGA, JUAN JOSÉ
Appraisal of the epidemiology of Neospora caninum infection in Costa Rican dairy cattle. In Costa Rica, milk production has increased gradually during the twentieth century, in which the activity developed from a non-technical to a technical activity. Together with the evolution of the dairy sector, the incidence of infectious and metabolic diseases increased, leading to increased economic losses. According to a VAMPP data base, the global percentage of abortion during the period between 1988 and 2003 varied between 7.5 and 12%; but at individual farms abortion rates close to 30% occurred in one or more years. Abortion is one of the most important economic disorders. Since the 90´s neosporosis (N. caninum) has been associated with abortion and foetal losses in cattle all over the world. In 1996, a study stated (for the first time) the presence of neosporosis in Costa Rica and N. caninum was diagnosed (Perez et al., 1998). The aim of this thesis is to describe the most important features of neosporosis in Costa Rican dairy cattle in order to develop strategies for the prevention and control of the infection. The main results of this thesis are: 1) no significant effects of Neospora serostatus were detected on (re)productive performance; 2) the association between management and environmental factors with serostatus was found to be absent 3) in the specific conditions of the dairy herds involved in this study, the serostatus of the cows should be not used as predictor of the serostatus of daughters due to the high probability of horizontal transmission, 4) the killed whole Neospora caninum tachyzoite preparation reduced the abortion rate in Costa Rican dairy cattle
Chlamydia abortus in dairy farms in Costa Rica
(Universidad Nacional, Costa Rica, 2015-12-02) Dolz, Gaby; Fonseca Salazar, Lisa; Murillo Herrera, Jaime; Romero-Zúñiga, Juan José
The aim of the present study was to determine the presence of antibodies against Chlamydia abortus in specialized dairy farms. A total of 608 blood samples were collected during 2012 from 24 dairy farms located in the Northern regions of the provinces of Alajuela (15) and Heredia (9), and surveys were carried out to determine management practices in these farms. Serum samples were analyzed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) to detect antibodies against C. abortus (sensitivity 100.0%, specificity 99.7%). Only one serum yielded positive results (S/P 62 %), two sera weak positive results (S/P 51% and 52%, respectively), while the remaining sera (n=605) were negative in ELISA. Six months later, 22 animals that showed S/P values >22% in ELISA were analyzed again, yielding all negative results. Blood, milk, conjunctival and vulvar swabs from these animals were analyzed by Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR), and only one vulvar swab tested positive for Chlamydia spp. The analysis of the management practices and results obtained with ELISA and PCR lead us to conclude that C. abortus is not significantly present (<0.5%) in dairy farms in the Northern regions of the provinces of Heredia and Alajuela in Costa Rica.
Detection of antibodies against Chlamydophila abortus in Costa Rican sheep flocks
(Open Veterinary Journal, 2015-09-01) Dolz, Gaby; Villagra-Blanco, R.; Montero-Caballero, Danilo; Romero-Zúñiga, Juan José
A total of 359 sheep samples from 15 flocks were analyzed for the presence of antibodies against Chlamydophila abortus using a commercial Enzyme linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA). Antibodies were detected in 19 (5.29%) sheep from 12 (80%) flocks. Seropositive animals were found in all analyzed regions (Central, Chorotega, Atlantic Huetar, North Huetar and Central Pacific) determining prevalence between 0.28% and 4.4%, and intra-flock positivity between 3.7% and 25.0%. The survey revealed two risk factors associated with seropositivity; introducing animals (males and females), embryos, or semen from other farms or from abroad without any sanitary certification, and flocks not having quarantine areas or separated boxes for diseased animals. No clinical signs of disease were observed in positive seroreactors. C. abortus seems to be present in Costa Rica in a very low prevalence in sheep flocks. Further studies, to isolate the bacteria are required. Finally, implementation of control measures to prevent the spread of C. abortus is recommended.
Diagnóstico de la situación del virus de la diarrea viral bovina (VDVB), virus herpes bovino tipo1 (HVB-1), virus de la leucosis viral bovina (VLVB) y Neospora caninum en una finca lechera ubicada en Zarcero con problemas reproductivos (abortos)
(Universidad Nacional, Costa Rica, 2018-08-12) Barquero Morales, Oscar Andrés; Vindas Bolañes, Rafael
The main need for aid in the dairy sector must be targeted at small and medium-sized producers, who are the most affected in economic terms. From this point of view, the School of Veterinary Medicine of the National University has within its mission and vision to help improve the productivity and animal health of the country, through programs aimed at low income producers. This research was conducted in a dairy cattle farm in Zarcero, Alajuela, Costa Rica, owned by Mr. José Luis Argüello Cubillo. This farm had long presented problems of abortion and had the hypothesis from previous serological studies of the Dos Pinos on the farm, and was considered to be a possible cause of abortions. A study was carried out to try to associate abortions with the presence of some of the etiological agents (HVB-1, VDVB, VLVB and N. caninum) commonly associated with abortions in dairy cattle. Serological tests (ELISA) were carried out to determine the incidence of HVB-1, VDVB, VLVB and N. caninum in the dairy herd and an incidence of 48.6% to VLVB; 19.5% to VDVB and 12.2% to N. caninum was determined. Furthermore, a statistical analysis of the Reasons for Incidence (RI) was carried out as a measure of association and an RI= 0.88 (IC95%: 0.1-2.48) was determined for BVDV, an RI=0. 69 (IC95%: 0.19-2.48)for BVDV and an RI= 1.2 (IC95%: 0.37-3.86) for N. caninum. Therefore, it is necessary to focus on the study of other causes of abortion and a sanitation plan was designed to produce better management, prevention and control of abortion problems.
Seroprevalence of Toxoplasma gondii and Neospora caninum infections and associated factors in sheep from Costa Rica
(Universidad Nacional, Costa Rica, 2019-01-08) Dolz, Gaby; Villagra-Blanco, Rodolfo; Barrantes-Granados, Osvaldo; Montero-Caballero, Danilo; Romero-Zúñiga, Juan José
The presence of antibodies against Toxoplasma gondii and Neospora caninum were analyzed in 392 sheep sera from ten Costa Rican ovine flocks using indirect immuno-enzymatic assays. Additionally, general information about sheep management, environment, and clinical reproductive disorders was assessed through a questionnaire to inquire factors related to these apicomplexan parasites. A total of 161 (41.1%) serum samples reacted positive to T. gondii, 43 (10.9%) to N. caninum and 26 (6.63%) to both parasites. Toxoplasma gondii serorreactors were detected in all the analyzed flocks (100.0%), meanwhile N. caninum antibodies were found in nine flocks (90%), from the six Costa Rican regions. Factors associated with T. gondii were the co-presence of cattle (OR = 5.06; C.I.95%; 2.08–12.30; p: b0.001), grey foxes (Urocyon cinereoargenteus) and opossums (Didelphis marsupialis) (OR = 2.44; C.I.95%; 1.50–3.95; p: b0.001) inside or around the farms, and the presence of peccaries (Tayassu sp.) (OR = 0.35; C.I.95%; 0.16–0.74; p: 0.0058) was a variable associated with N. caninum seropositivity. The obtained results of T. gondii and N. caninum infections in sheep flocks from Costa Rica should be considered for the proper prevention and control strategies against these apicomplexan abortive parasites.

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