Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales

URI permanente para esta comunidadhttp://10.0.96.45:4000/handle/11056/14053

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50 metros al este del antiguo Higuerón: formas culturales de abordar la localización espacial con potencialidades etnomatemáticas
(Bolema: Boletim de Educação Matemática, 2021) Gavarrete Villaverde, María Elena; Albanese, Veronica
Desde la Etnomatemática se plantea la importancia de tener en consideración aspectos propios de la cultura de los estudiantes, para acercarlos al aprendizaje de conceptos matemáticos que están en uso durante las prácticas cotidianas. Para ello es necesario, primero, analizar en profundidad tales elementos de la cultura para identificar relaciones con la matemática escolar y después formar adecuadamente a los docentes. Presentamos entonces, aquí, el análisis etnomatemático del signo cultural costarricense de las direcciones a la tica como un signo idiosincrático para la localización espacial de las direcciones postales o de las indicaciones para determinar un lugar. Utilizamos las perspectivas teóricas ética local, émica global, y dialógica glocal como principales herramientas teóricas y metodológicas para realizar el análisis. Finalmente, problematizamos este signo cultural para la acción pedagógica describiendo algunas actividades que se han llevado a cabo para la formación de docentes en Costa Rica.
A new species and three hybrids in the ferns from Cocos Island, Puntarenas, Costa Rica
(Universidad Nacional (Costa Rica), 2017-12) Rojas Alvarado, Alexander
Una nueva especie y tres híbridos en helechos para la Isla del Coco, Puntarenas, Costa Rica. Una especie nueva y tres híbridos de helechos para la Isla del Coco (Costa Rica) son descritos e ilustrados aquí: Nephrolepis cocosensis A. Rojas, Cyathea × robusta A. Rojas, Elaphoglossum × intermedium A. Rojas y Tectaria × epilithica A. Rojas. La nueva especie difiere de Nephrolepis rivularis (Vahl) Mett. ex Krug por su hábitat terrestre, frondas más pequeñas, pinnas más pequeñas and estas perpendicular al raquis, pinnas marginalmente lobuladas a bilobuladas distalmente, escamas del raquis pardo pálido con el punto de inserción pardo oscuro, escamas de la lámina 0.2–0.4 mm en diámetro, algunas veces reducidas a puntos resinosos, soros submarginales, muchas veces en los lóbulos internos de cada segmento, indusios cordiformes and basalmente adheridos, estos pardo pálidos con el punto de inserción pardo oscuro. El primer híbrido es intermedio entre Cyathea alfonsiana L.D. Gómez y C. notabilis Domin, en tamaño del tronco, tamaño y forma de las escamas del rizoma y base del estípite, tamaño de las frondas, pares de venas por segmento and grado de división de estas and y tamaño de los parafisos, pero tiene frondas más grandes que ambos progenitores, por esta razón el nombre del epíteto. Elaphoglossum x intermedium es un híbrido entre E. alvaradoanumA. Rojas y E. crinitum (L.) Christ, el cual es caracterizado por escamas del estípite y lámina pardos, lámina con base cuneada and ápice obtuso, y venas parcial e irregularmente anastomosadas. Tectaria x epilithica tiene caracteres intermedios entre T. incisa Cav. y T. mexicana (Fée) C.V. Morton, y es fácil de reconocer porque tiene lámina 1-pinnado-pinnatífida y tamaño intermedio entre las escamas del rizoma.
A checklist of the amphibians and reptiles of Río Macho Biological Station, Provincia de Cartago, Costa Rica
(Check List vo.11 no.6 article 1784 1-10 2015, 2015-11-02) Acosta-Chaves, Victor; Chaves, Gerardo; Abarca, Juan G.; García-Rodríguez, Adrián; Bolaños, Federico
We provide a checklist of the amphibians and reptiles of Río Macho Biological Station (RMBS), Costa Rica. During a period of a year (2012–2013) we conducted visual and acoustic surveys in a natural mature forest plot (>50 years old) (MF), secondary forest plot (~17 years old) (SF), in open areas and riparian forest at RMBS. We found a total of 11 species of amphibians and 15 species of reptiles belonging to 11 taxonomic families. We also compared the diversity of the MF against the SF. The MF contained 10 species (five amphibians and five reptiles) and the SF seven (three amphibians and four reptiles), with similar dominance between sites. Unfortunately, some forest and riparian species have vanished at this elevation after an enigmatic decline, according to historical literature pristine areas should contain higher species richness. Perhaps, the secondary forest will provide an available habitat for an important percentage of the remaining forest species.
A combined experimental and theoretical study of gas sorption on nanoporous silver triazolato metal-organic frameworks
(2014-01-01) Yang, Guang; Santana, Juan A; Rivera Ramos, Milton E.; García - Ricard, Omar; Saavedra-Arias, José; Ishikawa, Yasuyuki; Hernandez-Maldonado, Arturo; Raptis, Raphael G.
A new silver-triazolate metal-organic framework (MOF), {Ag 3[Ag5(μ3-3,5-tBu 2tz)6](BF4)2}n (2), has been prepared and structurally characterized. The CO2 sorption properties of this new MOF and previously reported isostructural analog {Ag 3[Ag5(μ3-3,5-Ph2tz) 6](NO3)2}n (1), were determined experimentally and probed theoretically by a density functional (DF) method. The structures of 1 and 2 are based on flexible Ag5tz 6-structural building units (SBUs), which allow the expansion/contraction of the structure, depending on either the steric requirements of the pendant groups - tBu, or Ph - of the SBUs, or the pressure of the gaseous sorbate. Both silver-triazolate MOFs sorb CO 2 preferentially to N2, O2, CH4 and H2. DF calculations show CO2 to be bound by van der Waals forces to the organic moieties of the porous framework. This work shows that van der Waals interactions of CO2 and the aromatic and aliphatic hydrocarbons of silver-triazolate MOFs are sufficient to achieve preferential sorption of CO2.
A combined first-principles computational/experimental study on LiNi 0.66Co 0.17Mn 0.17O 2 as a potential layered cathode material
(Elsevier, 2012-08-01) Saavedra-Arias, José; Venkateswara Rao, Chitturi; Shojan, Jifi; Manivannan, Ayyakkannu; Torres, Lorraine; Ishikawa, Yasuyuki; Katiyar, Ram
First-principles calculations are used to analyze the phase stability, formation energy, and Li intercalation potential for a series of layered cathode materials. The calculations show LiNi 0.66Co 0.17Mn 0.17O 2 as a promising cathode for lithium-ion batteries. The layer-structured LiNi 0.66Co 0.17Mn 0.17O 2 is prepared via wet chemical route, followed by annealing at 1123 K and characterized using powder X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. The characterization techniques reveal single-phase LiNi 0.66Co 0.17Mn 0.17O 2 with highly ordered structure. Galvanostatic charge-discharge curves recorded at 1C show the discharge capacity of ca. 167 mAh g -1 and good cyclic performance for 25 cycles.
A dynamic simulation model for the blooming of Oscillatoria agardhii in a monomictic lake
(Elsevier, 1995-01-15) Jiménez, Ricardo; Verreth, Johan; Steenbergen, Kees; Moed, Jan; Machiels, Marcel
The occurrence of phytoplankton blooms is a common problem in water bodies. The quantitative description of the algal population growth is of primary importance to understand the mechanisms which lead to these phytoplankton blooms, hence also for the development of a successful water-quality management. Due to the high degree of complexity of phytoplankton blooms, dynamic simulation models may be a powerful tool to study and elucidate the mechanisms leading to these blooms. In the present study, a simulation model for the blooming of a natural population of Oscillatoria agardhii in Lake Vechten (lat. 52°04′N, long. 5°05′E, the Netherlands) using measured temperature, filament length and nutrient concentrations as external drives, is presented. The lake was sampled weekly from January to the middle of May, 1992. Temperature, nutrient concentration (nitrate and phosphate in the water) and filament length were recorded. Because cell size was constant, filament length could be converted to number of cells per litre to estimate algal biomass. To implement the model additional information, e.g. some algal growth parameters, was obtained from the literature. The model simulated well the growth of the Oscillatoria agardhii population in the lake during the research period. According to the model, temperature was the most important rate-limitating factor for growth at the beginning of the year. Nutrient limitation became increasingly important while the importance of temperature limitation decreased during the season. During the whole period, light was strongly limiting and became the most important rate-limiting factor in the second week of April. Via sensitivity analysis, the model showed to be highly affected by temperature-related factors, and it was useful in the identification of research needs.
A first estimation of Tsunami Hazard of the Caribbean Coast of Costa Rica from Local and Distant Seismogenic Sources
(IV Assembly of the Latin American and Caribbean Seismological Commission, LACSC 2022, 2022-10-04) Chacon-Barrantes, Silvia; Murillo Gutiérrez, Anthony; Rivera, Fabio
Costa Rica has experienced 41 tsunamis since 1746, 36 of them at the Pacific coast and only 5 at the Caribbean coast. However, the oldest record belongs to the Caribbean coast, as well as the only tsunami that has caused deaths in Costa Rica: the 1991 Limón tsunami.
A lightweight environment for 2D visual applications
(EasyChair, 2019) Arce-Orozco, Armando; Gonzalez-Torres, Antonio; Mata-Montero, Erick
People and organizations constantly use a wide variety of devices and formats to produce large volumes of data. This involves a series of challenges related to processing and transforming data into valuable knowledge to carry out informed decisions. This research work departs from the fact that information visualization is a critical element in the process of data analysis that takes advantage of the visual and cognitive abilities of people to explore, discover, interpret, and understand patterns in data with the use of visual representations and human-computer interaction techniques. This research proposes Di¨ok¨ol, a programming environment developed with Lua and OpenVG to facilitate the learning process of programmers with little experience in the implementation of visualizations. The environment was designed after the careful study of similar tools and the most popular visualization libraries. Its design takes into account their weaknesses and strengths to propose a set of features that can make it an efficient alternative to learning about and program visualizations. In addition to typical functionality provided by several visualization tools and libraries, Di¨ok¨ol is a lightweight environment that provides a simple and effective event manager, is scalable, small, portable and contributes an environment with a simple and easy to understand graphical interface and functionality, similar to the ones provided by Processing.
A management plan for the sport fishery of Parachromis dovii (Pisces: Cichlidae) in Hule lake, Costa Rica
(Universidad de Costa Rica, 2000-06) Tabash, Farid; Guadamuz, Emilier
A first attempt to regulate the fishing activity while preserving the species and its habitats is presented for Hule lake. We intensively sampled the "guapote" between March 1996 and April 1997 using monofilament gill nets and a floating line, collecting 421 individuals. P. dovii biomass was relatively low; this species had a long life cycle (8-10 years) and the growth oscillation was low (C=0.3). Maximum life expectation was estimated at 12 years and the point of minimum growth coincided with the spawning that takes place between November and December. After spawning, P. dovii take around seven months to reach recruitment size (54.6 mm). The length for sexual maturity was 134 mm Lt, which indicates that this species is viable for reproduction soon after leaving the protection zones around the lagoon. "Guapote" sport fishing in the Hule lake is in equilibrium, the renewal rate is 80%. An increment in the actual fishery effort is not recommended, since it could seriously affect the natural renewal capacity of the stock.
A Microscopic Model for a One Parameter Class of Fractional Laplacians with Dirichlet Boundary Conditions
(Springer Science and Business Media Deutschland GmbH, 2021) Bernardin, Cèdric; Gonçalves, Patrícia; Jiménez-Oviedo, Byron
We prove the hydrodynamic limit for the symmetric exclusion process with long jumps given by a mean zero probability transition rate with infinite variance and in contact with infinitely many reservoirs with density α at the left of the system and β at the right of the system. The strength of the reservoirs is ruled by κN−θ > 0. Here N is the size of the system, κ > 0 and θ ∈ R. Our results are valid for θ ≤ 0. For θ = 0, we obtain a collection of fractional reaction–diffusion equations indexed by the parameter κ and with Dirichlet boundary conditions. Their solutions also depend on κ. For θ < 0, the hydrodynamic equation corresponds to a reaction equation with Dirichlet boundary conditions. The case θ > 0 is still open. For that reason we also analyze the convergence of the unique weak solution of the equation in the case θ = 0 when we send the parameter κ to zero. Indeed, we conjecture that the limiting profile when κ → 0 is the one that we should obtain when taking small values of θ > 0
A mixed virtual element method for the Brinkman problem
(Mathematical Models and Methods in Applied Sciences vol.27 no.4 707-743 2017, 2017) Cáceres, Ernesto; Gatica, G.N.; Sequeira, Filander
In this paper, we introduce and analyze a mixed virtual element method (mixed-VEM) for the two-dimensional Brinkman model of porous media flow with non-homogeneous Dirichlet boundary conditions. More precisely, we employ a dual-mixed formulation in which the only unknown is given by the pseudostress, whereas the velocity and pressure are computed via postprocessing formulae. We first recall the corresponding variational formulation, and then summarize the main mixed-VEM ingredients that are required for our discrete analysis. In particular, in order to define a calculable discrete bilinear form, whose continuous version involves deviatoric tensors, we propose two well-known alternatives for the local projector onto a suitable polynomial subspace, which allows the explicit integration of these terms. Next, we show that the global discrete bilinear form satisfies the hypotheses required by the Lax–Milgram lemma. In this way, we conclude the well-posedness of our mixed-VEM scheme and derive the associated a priori error estimates for the virtual solution as well as for the fully computable projection of it. Furthermore, we also introduce a second element-by-element postprocessing formula for the pseudostress, which yields an optimally convergent approximation of this unknown with respect to the broken ℍ(div)-norm. Finally, several numerical results illustrating the good performance of the method and confirming the theoretical rates of convergence are presented.
A Monte Carlo Study of the Photon Spectrum due to the Different Materials Used in the Construction of Flattening Filters of LINAC
(Hindawi, 2017-07-10) Estepa Jiménez, Juan Sebastián; Díaz Lagos, Mercedes; Martínez Ovalle, Segundo Agustín
Different types the spectrum of photons were studied; they were emitted from the flattening filter of a LINAC Varian 2100 C/D that operates at 15 MV. The simplified geometry of the LINAC head was calculated using the MCNPX code based on the studies of the materials of the flattening filter, namely, SST, W, Pb, Fe, Ta, Al, and Cu. These materials were replaced in the flattening filter to calculate the photon spectra at the output of this device to obtain the spectrum that makes an impact with the patient. The different spectra obtained were analyzed and compared to the emission from the original spectra configuration of the LINAC, which uses material W. In the study, different combinations of materials were considered in order to establish differences between the use of different materials and the original material, with the objective of establishing advantages and disadvantages from a clinical standpoint.
A multidisciplinary approach using hydrogeochemistry, δ15NNO3 isotopes, land use, and statistical tools in evaluating nitrate pollution sources and biochemical processes in Costa Rican volcanic aquifers
(Elsevier B. V., 2024) Madrigal-Solís, Helga; Vadillo Pérez, Iñaki; Jiménez Gavilán, Pablo; Fonseca Sánchez, Alicia; Calderón Sánchez, Hazel; Gómez - Cruz, Alicia; Herrera-Murillo, Jorge; Pérez-Salazar, Roy
Nitrate pollution threatens the Barva and Colima multi-aquifer system, the primary drinking water source in the Greater Metropolitan Area of Costa Rica. In addressing nitrate contamination dynamics, this study proposes an integrated approach by combining multivariate statistical analyses, hydrochemical parameters, sewage discharge, and regional land-use and land-cover patterns to assess the extent and degree of contamination, dominant biogeochemical processes, and refine the interpretation of nitrate sources previously derived solely from δ15NNO3 information. Over seven years (2015-2022), 714 groundwater samples from 43 sites were analyzed for nitrate and major ions, including two sampling campaigns for dissolved organic and inorganic carbon, nitrite, ammonium, FeTotal, MnTotal, and δ15NNO3 analyses. The findings presented elevated nitrate concentrations in urban and agricultural/urban areas, surpassing the Maximum Concentration Levels on several occasions, and oxidizing conditions favoring mineralization and nitrification processes in unconfined Barva and locally confined Upper Colima/Lower Colima aquifers. Similar nitrate contents and spatial patterns in agricultural and urban zones in the shallow Barva aquifer suggest comparable contributions from nitrogen fertilizers and urban wastewaters despite the gradual increase in urban land cover and the reduction of agricultural areas. Isotopic analyses and dissolved organic carbon (DOC) indicate a shift in nitrate sources from agricultural to urban areas in both Barva and Colima aquifers. Principal Component and Hierarchical Cluster Analyses link land use, nitrate sources, and water quality. Three distinct sample clusters aligned with forest/grassland, agricultural/urban, and urban land use, emphasizing the impact of anthropogenic activities on groundwater quality, even in the deeper Colima aquifers. The study challenges nitrate isotope mixing models, enhancing accuracy in identifying pollution sources and assessing the spatial extent of contamination by incorporating DOC and other hydrochemical parameters. Similar outcomes, with and without the use of nitrate isotopes, reinforce the usefulness of the integrated approach, providing a practical and cost-effective alternative.
A new Costa Rican species of Drosophila visiting inflorescences of the hemi-epiphytic climber Monstera lentii (Araceae)
(Universidad Nacional, Costa Rica, 2018-09) Vilela, Carlos; Prieto, Danyi
Drosophila monsterae sp. nov. is described from 11 males and 13 females collected from the inside of closed inflorescences of Monstera lentii (Araceae) at 1810 m altitude in the Forest Reserve of Cerro de La Carpintera, Canton La Unión, Province of Cartago, Costa Rica. Although flies have been seen wandering and copulating inside the floral chambers of closed inflorescences during the floral female phase, eggs or larvae have not yet been found either in the spathe or in the fleshy spadix. The new species is related to Drosophila tristani Sturtevant, 1921, from San José Costa Rica, from which it differs mainly by having smaller slightly circular compound eyes, distinctly broader genae (cheek index ca. 2.4 vs 5 in D. tristani), and the inner capsule of spermathecae with an unusual folded duct at basal half of its very wide introvert. This is the eighth species to be included in the New World, essentially Neotropical, subgenus Phloridosa. Photomicrographs of male and female terminalia are also provided. © 2018 Sociedade Brasileira de Entomologia
A new giant species of placented worm and the mechanism by which onychophorans weave their nets (Onychophora: Peripatidae)
(Universidad de Costa Rica, 2010) Morera, Bernal; Monge-Nájera, Julián
Onychophorans, or velvet worms, are poorly known and rare animals. Here we report the discovery of a new species that is also the largest onychophoran found so far, a 22cm long female from the Caribbean coastal forest of Costa Rica. Specimens were examined with Scanning Electron Microscopy; Peripatus solorzanoi sp. nov., is diagnosed as follows: primary papillae convex and conical with rounded bases, with more than 18 scale ranks. Apical section large, spherical, with a basal diameter of at least 20 ranks. Apical piece with 6-7 scale ranks. Outer blade 1 principal tooth, 1 accessory tooth, 1 vestigial accessory tooth (formula: 1/1/1); inner blade 1 principal tooth, 1 accessory tooth, 1 rudimentary accessory tooth, 9 to 10 denticles (formula: 1/1/1/9-10). Accessory tooth blunt in both blades. Four pads in the fourth and fifth oncopods; 4th. pad arched. The previously unknown mechanism by which onychophorans weave their adhesive is simple: muscular action produces a swinging movement of the adhesive-spelling organs; as a result, the streams cross in mid air, weaving the net. Like all onychophorans, P. solorzanoi is a rare species: active protection of the habitat of the largest onychophoran ever described, is considered urgent.
A new giant velvet worm from Costa Rica suggests absence of the genus Peripatus (Onychophora: Peripatidae) in Central Americ
(Universidad de Costa Rica, 2020-02-03) Barquero González, José Pablo; Sánchez-Vargas, Steven; Morera, Bernal
Introduction: Neotropical onychophoran taxonomy and diversity has been poorly investigated. Recent studies have discovered problems in species classification: they have questioned the accepted genera and the actual number of species. This is true in Costa Rica, where several unidentified species have been reported. Objective: The objective of this investigation was to evaluate the occurrence of the accepted genera in this country, and to describe a new genus and species from Central America. Methods: In 2017, we collected one onychophoran in the Keköldi Indigenous Reserve in Talamanca, Limón, Costa Rica. The specimen gave birth to several offspring. Therefore, seven organisms were analyzed. Light microscopy was used to observe the gross morphology in all samples. The detailed morphology was studied in the biggest specimen with scanning electron microscopy; after that, we performed a phylogenetic analysis with the corresponding sequence of COI. Results: According to our results, a new genus and species of giant onychophoran was found. The genus was identified by its giant size, apical piece of seven scale ranks, large conical primary papillae, dorso-median furrow flanked by two-three accessory papillae, the absence of hyaline organs and a marked sexual dimorphism with respect to the number of legs. The new species presents a particular head pattern, as well as novel structures like cephalic papillae, accessory papillae with rudimentary apical pieces, and a lack of antennal chemoreceptors. Phylogenetic analysis rendered our genus as monophyletic and includes Peripatus solorzanoi, which is grouped within the Central American clade.As our species is clustered inside the Costa Rica-Panamanian group, it is not related to the Caribbean Island nor Guyanan Shield samples, home of Epiperipatus and Peripatus respectively. Therefore, we suggest that those genera do not occur in Central America, and a new genus exists: Mongeperipatus, gen. nov.Conclusion: We concluded that Costa Rica is home to a diversity of undescribed onychophorans that requires specific studies to help clarify the taxonomy and evolutionary relationships of the group to justify their protection.
A new species of Elaphoglossum Schott ex J. Sm. (Dryopteridaceae) from Costa Rica
(Universidad Nacional (Costa Rica), 2017-12) Rojas Alvarado, Alexander; Muñoz-Cambronero, Pablo Elías
Una especie nueva de Elaphoglossum Schott ex J.Sm. Dryopteridaceae) para Costa Rica.Una especie nueva de ElaphoglossumSchott ex J. Smde la sección UndulataChrist es descrita aquí: Elaphoglossum pallidosquamum A. Rojas & P. Muñoz. La nueva especie es similar a E. herpestes por su rizoma largo ascendente, pero difiere por escamas del rizoma no cordadas basalmente (vs. cordadas) y más pálidas pardo-amarillentas con margen blanquecino o completamente blanquecinas (vs. castañas), escamas del estípite adpresas (vs. adpresas a moderadamente patentes) y más densas, lámina más angosta 2.5-4 cm de ancho (vs. 5-6.5 cm) con base anchamente cuneada a obtusa (vs. redonda), lámina con diferentes tipos de escamas las costales imbricadas (vs. distantes entre sí), escamas adaxiales densas (vs. dispersas), escamas abaxiales enrrolladas y moderadamente densas (vs. escamas abaxiales planas y dispersas) y, escamas marginales muy densas (vs. moderadamente densas a dispersas) y estas más pálidas blanquecinas a amarillo pálido (vs. pardas).
A new species of Halicyclops (Copepoda, Cyclopoida, Halicyclopinae) from an estuarine system of the caribbean coast of Colombia
(Universidad Nacional de Colombia, 2020-01-01) Fuentes Reinés, Juan M.; Suárez-Morales, Eduardo
Plankton samples obtained from the Ciénaga Grande de Santa Marta, an extensive estuarine system in northern Colombia, yielded adult male and female specimens of an undescribed halicyclopine cyclopid copepod of the genus Halicyclops. Cyclopid copepods are frequently found in freshwater and transitional habitats. Members of the subfamily Halicyclopinae are chiefly brackish water forms with a few freshwater species. The new species described herein is assignable to the group of species “F” of Halicyclops (sensu Pesce, 2018) with a 2333 exopodal spine formula. Currently, this group contains five species and one subspecies. Halicyclops gutierrezi sp. n. can be distinguished from its known congeners by the absence of an anal operculum, the relative length of setae of the female and male P5, the relative length of the inner setae of P4EXP3, and details of the male antennule. This is the fifth species of Halicyclopsrecorded from Colombia and the first one of Halicyclops group “F” described from the Caribbean region. With the addition of H. gutierrezi sp. n., the number of species of the genus known from the Neotropics increased to 20. A key to the species of the genus recorded in Colombia is also provided.
A new species of Seticeros from Costa Rica (Coleoptera, Cerambycidae, Prioninae)
(Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria (INIA), 2011) Ramírez Campos, R.; Esteban Duran, J.R.; Santos Silva, A.
A new species of Seticeros Perger & Santos-Silva, 2010 (Prioninae: Callipogonini) from San Isidro del General, San José, Costa Rica is described and illustrated. A key to the species of Seticeros is added.
A new vanilla species from Costa Rica closely related to V. planifolia (Orchidaceae)
(European Journal of Taxonomy, 2017-02-22) Azofeifa Bolaños, José B.; Gigant, L. Rodolphe; Nicolás García, Mayra; Pignal, Marc; Tavares González, Fabiola B.; Hagsater, Eric; Salazar, Gerardo; Reyes Lopez, Delfino; Archila Morales, Fredy Leonel; García-García, José A.; Da Silva, Denis; Allibert, Agathe; Solano Campos, Frank; Rodríguez Jimenes, Guadalupe del Carmen; Paniagua Vásquez, Amelia; Besse, Pascale; Pérez Silva, Araceli; Grisoni, Michel
We describe a new vanilla species growing in sympatry with Vanilla planifolia Jacks. ex Andrews (Orchidaceae) in the province of Limón, Caribbean coast of Costa Rica. The morphology of the reproductive and vegetative organs observed on vines cultivated under shade-house, the nuclear (Internal Transcribed Spacer) and plastid (matK) nucleotide sequences, as well as the contents of aromatic compounds measured in ripe fruits, show that this species is close to but distinct from V. planifolia. The name V. sotoarenasii M.Pignal, Azofeifa-Bolaños & Grisoni sp. nov. is proposed for this new Vanilla species endemic in Costa Rica. It is especially distinguished from V. planifolia by a reduction of about 30% of the size of the fruits and flowers, by a divergence of ITS sequences for at least two species-conserved nucleotides compared to seven other species of the V. planifolia group, and by the presence of anisic compounds and low content of phenolic compounds (including vanillin) in the fruits. These results confirmed the extension of the area of distribution of V. planifolia southward to Costa Rica, where a recent speciation process occurred. Because of its particular agronomic and aromatic properties, V. sotoarenasii sp. nov. could represent a valuable biological resource for the vanilla industry.

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