Artículos científicos

URI permanente para esta colecciónhttp://10.0.96.45:4000/handle/11056/14837

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A regression analysis of Q'eqchi' Maya medicinal plants from southern Belize
(Universidad Nacional, Costa Rica, 2006) Sánchez Vindas, Pablo
Amiguet, V.T., Department of Biology, University of Ottawa, P.O. Box 450, Ottawa, Ont. K1N 6N5, Canada; Arnason, J.T., Department of Biology, University of Ottawa, P.O. Box 450, Ottawa, Ont. K1N 6N5, Canada; Maquin, P., Belize Indigenous Training Institute, Punta Gorda, Toledo District, Belize; Cal, V., Belize Indigenous Training Institute, Punta Gorda, Toledo District, Belize; Sänchez-Vindas, P., Herbario Juvenal, Universidad Nacional, Heredia, Costa Rica; Alvarez, L.P., Herbario Juvenal, Universidad Nacional, Heredia, Costa Rica
A Selective Ion HPLC-APCI-MS Method for the Quantification of Pentacyclic Triterpenes in an Anxiolytic Botanical Dietary Supplement for the Animal Health Market
(Natural Product Incorporation, 2019) Liu, Rui; Carballo Arce, Ana Francis; Singh, Ranpreet; Saleem, Ammar ; Rocha, Marco; Mullally, Martha; Otarola-Rojas, Marco; Poveda Alvarrez, Luis; Sanchez-Vindas, Pablo; Garcia, Mario; Baker, John; Merali, Zul; Guerrero-Analco, José A.; Durst, Tony; Harris, Cory; Arnason, John
A new anti-anxiety dietary supplement was developed for the animal health market, by combining 2 triterpene containing botanicals, Souroubea sympetala (Marcgraviaceae) with Platanus occidentalis (Platanaceae) A validated method for a quality control of the botanical blend was achieved using HPLC-APCIMS. The method resulted in the detection and quantitative determination of betulinic acid (1), and ursolic acid (2) in P. occidentalis and 1, 2, lupeol (3), β-amyrin (4) and α-amyrin (5) in S. sympetala and the finished product ZentrolTM. Detections were at low ng on column for 1 and 2 and in low µg range for 3, 4 and 5 using calibration curves within 10-100 ng (R2 > 0.993). Recovery of spiked samples for all the recoveries observed were > 94%. Inter-day and intraday variations were 0.8-3.5% and 5-10.4%, respectively. These results indicate the suitability of the developed analytical method to detect and quantify triterpenes of raw materials used in the manufacture of natural health products
Altitudinal zonation of montane Quercus forests along two transects in Chirripó National Park, Costa Rica
(Springer, 1995-08) Kappelle, Maarten; Van Uffelen, Jan-Gerrit; Cleef, Antoine
Abiotic and vegetation data were collected along two altitudinal transects through mature montane Quercus forests on the Pacific and Atlantic slopes of Costa Rica's Chirripó Massif. Between 2000 and 3200 m asl twenty-four 0.05 ha forest plots were selected at altitudinal intervals of 100 m, and eight soil profiles were described at intervals of 200 m. A TWINSPAN classification aided in the determination of eight zonal forest communities on the basis of their floristic composition. They are grouped in two sets of four: (i) the palm-rich lauraceous-fagaceous Lower Montane Mollinedia-Quercus Forests (2000-2600 m asl) and (ii) the bamboo-rich myrsinaceous-fagaceous Upper Montane Schefflera-Quercus Forests (2500-3200 m asl), respectively. Vegetation changes seem correlated with two major climatic gradients: (i) a temperature gradient (altitude), and (ii) a moisture gradient (wet Atlantic vs. moist Pacific slope). Most soils are Andepts, and residual, colluvial or derived from volcanic material. Humus layers are thicker on the wetter Atlantic slope. A total of 431 vascular plant species consisted of 86 pteridophytes, 1 gymnosperm, 296 dicots and 48 monocots. Species richness, canopy height and stem diameter decrease with increasing altitude, while the canopy surface becomes more flattend. A comparison with other studies shows that Chirripó's montane Quercus forests fit within the environmental ranges known from altitudinal zonations elsewhere in the Tropics. © 1995 Kluwer Academic Publishers.
Antifungal Saponins from the Maya Medicinal Plant Cestrum schlechtendahlii G. Don (Solanaceae)
(Wiley, 2015-12-15) Kim Ta, Chieu Anh; Guerrero-Analco, José A.; Roberts, Elizabeth; Liu, Rui; Mogg, Christopher D.; Saleem, Ammar; Otárola Rojas, Marco Antonio; Poveda Álvarez, Luis; Sanchez-Vindas, Pablo; Cal, Victor; Caal, Federico; Subramaniam, Rajagopal; Smith, Myron; Arnason, John
Bioassay-guided fractionation of the crude extract (80% EtOH) of the leaves of Cestrum schlechtendahlii, a plant used by Q'eqchi' Maya healers for treatment of athlete's foot, resulted in the isolation and identification of two spirostanol saponins (1 and 2). Structure elucidation by MS, 1D-NMR, and 2D-NMR spectroscopic methods identified them to be the known saponin (25R)-1β,2α-dihydroxy-5α-spirostan-3-β-yl-O-α-l-rhamnopyranosyl-(1 → 2)-β-d-galactopyranoside (1) and new saponin (25R)-1β,2α-dihydroxy-5α-spirostan-3-β-yl-O-β-d-galactopyranoside (2). While 2 showed little or no antifungal activity at the highest concentration tested, 1 inhibited growth of Saccharomyces cerevisiae (minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of 15–25 μM), Candida albicans, Cryptococcus neoformans, and Fusarium graminearum (MIC of 132–198 μM).
Carbon accumulation in aboveground and belowground biomass and soil of different age native forest plantations in the humid tropical lowlands of Costa Rica
(Universidad Nacional, Costa Rica, 2012) Fonseca, William; Alice, Federico E.; Rey Benayas, José
Generic or default values to account for biomass and carbon accumulation in tropical forest ecosystems are generally recognized as a major source of errors, making site and species specific data the best way to achieve precise and reliable estimates. The objective of our study was to determine carbon in various components (leaves, branches, stems, structural roots and soil) of single-species plantations of Vochysia guatemalensis and Hieronyma alchorneoides from 0 to 16 years of age. Carbon fraction in the biomass, mean (±standard deviation), for the different pools varied between 38.5 and 49.7% (±3 and 3.8). Accumulated carbon in the biomass increased with the plantation age, with mean annual increments of 7.1 and 5.3 Mg ha-1 year-1 for forest plantations of V. guatemalensis and H. alchorneoides, respectively. At all ages, 66.3% (±10.6) of total biomass was found within the aboveground tree components, while 18.6% (±20.9) was found in structural roots. The soil (0–30 cm) contained 62.2 (±13) and 71.5% (±17.1) of the total carbon (biomass plus soil) under V. guatemalensis and H. alchorneoides, respectively. Mean annual increment for carbon in the soil was 1.7 and 1.3 Mg ha-1 year-1 in V. guatemalensis and H. alchorneoides. Allometric equations were constructed to estimate total biomass and carbon in the biomass which had an R2 aj (adjusted R square) greater than 94.5%. Finally, we compare our results to those that could have resulted from the use of default values, showing how site and species specific data contribute to the overall goal of improving carbon estimates and providing a more reliable account of the mitigation potential of forestry activities on climate change.
Carbon accumulation in the biomass and soil of different aged secondary forests in the humid tropics of Costa Rica
(Elsevier, 2011-10-15) Fonseca, William; Rey Benayas, José María; Alice-Guier, Federico E.
Efforts are needed in order to increase confidence for carbon accounts in the land use sector, especially in tropical forest ecosystems that often need to turn to default values given the lack of precise and reliable site specific data to quantify their carbon sequestration and storage capacity. The aim of this study was then to estimate biomass and carbon accumulation in young secondary forests, from 4 and up to 20 years of age, as well as its distribution among the different pools (tree including roots, herbaceous understory, dead wood, litter and soil), in humid tropical forests of Costa Rica. Carbon fraction for the different pools and tree components (stem, branches, leaves and roots) was estimated and varies between 37.3% (±3.3) and 50.3% (±2.9). Average carbon content in the soil was 4.1% (±2.1). Average forest plant biomass was 82.2 (±47.9) Mg ha 1 and the mean annual increment for carbon in the biomass was 4.2 Mg ha 1 yr 1 . Approximately 65.2% of total biomass was found in the aboveground tree components, while 14.2% was found in structural roots and the rest in the herbaceous vegetation and necromass. Carbon in the soil increased by 1.1 Mg ha 1 yr 1 . Total stored carbon in the forest was 180.4 Mg ha 1 at the age of 20 years. In these forests, most of the carbon (51–83%) was stored in the soil. Models selected to estimate biomass and carbon in trees as predicted by basal area had R2 adjustments above 95%. Results from this study were then compared with those obtained for a variety of secondary and primary forests in different Latin-American tropical ecosystems and in tree plantations in the same study area
Chemical characterization of filterable PM2.5 emissions generated from regulated stationary sources in the Metropolitan Area of Costa Rica
(Elsevier, 2017-01-14) Herrera-Murillo, Jorge; Rojas Marín, José Félix; Mugica-Alvarez, Violeta; Solórzano Arias, David; Beita Guerrero, Víctor Hugo
Filterable PM2.5 concentrations and their chemical characterizations were analyzed for 67 boilers and 25 indirect furnaces located in the Metropolitan Area of Costa Rica from February 2014 to November 2015. The PM2.5 samples were characterized by their composition, focusing on trace elements, inorganic ions and organic and elemental carbon. The results of PM2.5 concentrations ranged from 72 to 735 mgm-3, with the highest concentrations found for sources using biomass fuel, particularly Type B boilers, and the lowest values for diesel boilers. Further speciation of fine particulate matter (PM) showed significant levels of vanadium and nickel for boilers that use heavy fuel oil (bunker); 4886 and 1942 μgm-3, respectively. Copper and manganese were the most relevant metals for biomass burning sources, due to plant absorption from the soil. As for ion concentration, sulfate presented the highest concentrations for biomass boilers and furnaces, whereas chloride only presented the highest concentrations for furnaces. To complete the balance, organic and elemental carbon (OC and EC) analyses were made, in which biomass burning sources presented values five times higher than oil fuels. A Spearman's correlation analysis was made for the data set, revealing significant relationships between heavy metals, sulfate, and fine PM with respect to heavy fuel oil. For the biomass sources, the correlations pointed to K, Na, Mn and, in some cases, oxygen.
Climatic and edaphic controls over tropical forest diversity and vegetation carbon storage
(Springer Nature, 2020-03-19) Hofhansl, Florian; Fuchslueger, Lucia; Silla, Fernando; Andersen, Kelly; Buchs, David; Fiedler, Konrad; Franklin, Oskar; Hietz, Peter; Chacón Madrigal, Eduardo; Jenking, Daniel; Morera Beita, Albert; Plutzar, Christoph; Dullinger, Stefan; Huber, Werner; Quesada, Carlos A.; Rammig, Anja; Schrodt, Franziska; Vincent, Andrea G.; Weissenhofer, Anton; Wanek, Wolfgang
Tropical rainforests harbor exceptionally high biodiversity and store large amounts of carbon in vegetation biomass. However, regional variation in plant species richness and vegetation carbon stock can be substantial, and may be related to the heterogeneity of topoedaphic properties. Therefore, aboveground vegetation carbon storage typically differs between geographic forest regions in association with the locally dominant plant functional group. A better understanding of the underlying factors controlling tropical forest diversity and vegetation carbon storage could be critical for predicting tropical carbon sink strength in response to projected climate change. Based on regionally replicated 1-ha forest inventory plots established in a region of high geomorphological heterogeneity we investigated how climatic and edaphic factors affect tropical forest diversity and vegetation carbon storage. Plant species richness (of all living stems >10 cm in diameter) ranged from 69 to 127 ha−1 and vegetation carbon storage ranged from 114 to 200 t ha−1. While plant species richness was controlled by climate and soil water availability, vegetation carbon storage was strongly related to wood density and soil phosphorus availability. Results suggest that local heterogeneity in resource availability and plant functional composition should be considered to improve projections of tropical forest ecosystem functioning under future scenarios.
Clinical observations and safety profile of oral herbal products, souroubea and platanus spp: a pilot-toxicology study in dogs
(Universidad Nacional, Costa Rica, 2014-04-07) Villalobos, Pedro; Baker, John; Sánchez Vindas, Pablo; Durst, Tony; Masic, Aleksandar; Arnasont, John
This pilot-study evaluated the toxicity and safety profi le of two herbal products Souroubea spp Botanical Blend (SSBB) and Platanus Tree Bark (PTB) after oral administration to dogs at elevated doses for 28 days. SSBB and PTB botanicals are the major active ingredients of Sin Susto, a novel natural product for the treatment of anxiety in dogs. Three healthy female dogs were administered elevated doses of either SSBB, PTB or a placebo and then monitored for the occurrence of any systemic and local adverse events. Data from this pilot-study revealed that SSBB and PTB had no untoward effects on the health of dogs and were deemed safe which enabled the design and execution of a larger controlled target safety and toxicology study for Sin Susto.
Concentration of PM10 in the Metropolitan Area of Costa Rica, Central America: chemical composition and potential sources
(Universidad Nacional, Costa Rica, 2010) Herrera-Murillo, Jorge; Rojas Marín, José Félix; Rodríguez Román, Susana; Báez Pedrajo, Armando
Measurements of metals and inorganic ions were carried out on PM10. Sampling was made in five sites distributed in San José, Heredia and Belén cities. Samples were collected using Thermo Andersen PM10 high volume samplers with glass fiber and quartz filters. The ions SO4 2- , NO3- , Cl- , F- , PO43- , NH4 + , K+ , Na+ , Ca2+, Mg2+ were analyzed by ion chromatography and in the case of metals V, Cu, Cr, Pb, Ni, Mn, Fe, Al using an atomic absorption spectrometer with a graphite furnace attachment. The results indicated that SO42- was the most abundant ion, and with respect to metals, Al and Fe had the highest concentration. Spearman correlation, applied to all data, showed a high correlation between SO42- , NO3- and NH4+ indicating a common anthropogenic origin. From the metal species that were assessed only Pb and Cu presented enrichment factors higher than 10, indicating an anthropogenic contribution. Particles collected in the industrial zone of Belén showed the highest level of acidity and metal content.
Cuatro compuestos nuevos del extracto no polar de la planta Amyris brenesii (Rutaceae) de Costa Rica
(Universidad de Costa Rica., 2008) Chavarría, Max; Castro, Victor; Poveda, Luis; Murillo, Renato
El estudio fitoquímico de las partes aéreas de Amyris brenesii (Rutaceae) recolectadas en Río Cuarto, Grecia, Alajuela (Costa Rica) mostró la presencia de cuatro nuevos compuestos: la 6-hidroxi-6-O-(3-hidroximetil-3-metilalil)- angelicina 1, el 6-(N-acetil-etanamin) -2,2-dimetil-2Hcromeno 2, el lignano 2,5-deshidrohinokinina 3 y la N-acetil-O-(geranil)-tiramina 4. Adicionalmente se aislaron los lignanos hinokinina 5, y justicidina E 6, las cumarinas escopoletina 7 y marmesina 8, el ácido 24-moretenoico 9 y el O-(3,3-dimetilalil)-halfordinol 10. Las separaciones se llevaron a cabo mediante la aplicación de técnicas cromatográficas y la elucidación de las estructuras se realizó con la ayuda de técnicas espectroscópicas de Resonancia Magnética Nuclear (RMN) de una y dos dimensiones.
Determination of carbonyls and their sources in three sites of the metropolitan area of Costa Rica, Central America
(Springer Science+Business Media B.V, 2011-03-02) Herrera-Murillo, Jorge; Rojas Marín, José Félix; Rodríguez Román, Susana
Ambient levels of carbonyl compounds and their possible sources were studied at three places in the metropolitan area of Costa Rica, including a residential, an industrial, and a com mercial downtown area with high vehicular flow, during the periods of April–May and September– December 2009. Fifteen carbonyl compounds were identified in the ambient air, of which ace tone was the most abundant carbonyl, followed by formaldehyde and acetaldehyde. Concentra tions were highest in rainy season at all sites and lower in dry season. These decreases in concen tration are explained by the influences of both photochemical reactions and local meteorological conditions. The strong correlation between C1– C2 and C3 indicated a common origin for these carbonyls. The C1/C2 ratios varied between 0.49 to 1.05, values which can be considered typical of an urban area
Earthquake magnitude calculation without saturation from the scaling of peak ground displacement
(Geophysical Research Letters, 2015-06-02) Melgar, Diego; Crowell, Brendan; Geng, Jianghui; Allen, Richard; Bock, Yehuda; Riquelme, Sebastian; Hill, Emma; Protti, Marino; Ganas, Athanassios
GPS instruments are noninertial and directly measure displacements with respect to a global reference frame, while inertial sensors are affected by systematic offsets—primarily tilting—that adversely impact integration to displacement. We study the magnitude scaling properties of peak ground displacement (PGD) from high-rate GPS networks at near-source to regional distances (~10–1000 km), from earthquakes between Mw6 and 9. We conclude that real-time GPS seismic waveforms can be used to rapidly determine magnitude, typically within the first minute of rupture initiation and in many cases before the rupture is complete. While slower than earthquake early warning methods that rely on the first few seconds of P wave arrival, our approach does not suffer from the saturation effects experienced with seismic sensors at large magnitudes. Rapid magnitude estimation is useful for generating rapid earthquake source models, tsunami prediction, and ground motion studies that require accurate information on long-period displacements.
Efficacy of Souroubea-Platanus Dietary Supplement Containing Triterpenes in Beagle Dogs Using a Thunderstorm Noise-Induced Model of Fear and Anxiety
(Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute, 2021-04-03) Masic, Aleksandar; Landsberg, Gary; Milgram, Bill.; Merali, Zul.; Durst, Tony; Sánchez Vindas, Pablo; Garcia, Mario; Baker, John; Liu, Rui; Arnason, John
A novel botanical dietary supplement, formulated as a chewable tablet containing a defined mixture of Souroubea spp. vine and Platanus spp. Bark, was tested as a canine anxiolytic for thunderstorm noise-induced stress (noise aversion). The tablet contained five highly stable triterpenes and delivered 10 mg of the active ingredient betulinic acid (BA) for an intended 1 mg/kg dose in a 10 kg dog. BA in tablets was stable for 30 months in storage at 23 ◦C. Efficacy of the tablets in reducing anxiety in dogs was assessed in a blinded, placebo-controlled study by recording changes in blood cortisol levels and measures of behavioral activity in response to recorded intermittent thunder. Sixty beagles were assigned into groups receiving: placebo, 0.5×, 1×, 2×, and 4× dose, or the positive control (diazepam), for five days. Reduction in anxiety measures was partially dosedependent and the 1× dose was effective in reducing inactivity time (p = 0.0111) or increased activity time (p = 0.0299) compared with placebo, indicating a decrease in anxiety response. Cortisol measures also showed a dose-dependent reduction in cortisol in dogs treated with the test tablet.
Estimación de la biomasa y carbono almacenado en un bosque primario intervenido de la zona protectora "El Rodeo", Costa Rica
(Universidad de Pinar del Río "Hermanos Saíz Montes de Oca", Cuba, 2019-09-01) Retana-Chinchilla, Luis; Méndez-Cartín, Ana Lucía; Sánchez-Toruño, Henry; Montero-Flores, William; Barquero-Elizondo, Ana Isabel; Hernández-Sánchez, Gustavo
En la Estrategia Nacional de Cambio Climático de Costa Rica se recalcó la importancia de los ecosistemas boscosos en la absorción y fijación de CO2, como un mecanismo para lograr la carbono-neutralidad. Esta investigación buscó estimar la biomasa y el carbono almacenado en los diferentes componentes del bosque, de tres sitios pertenecientes a la Zona protectora "El Rodeo", ubicada al oeste de San José, Costa Rica (coordenadas geográficas 9º 52' 9,56'' N y 84º 14' 84,20'' W). Se instalaron 12 parcelas temporales, donde se inventariaron los componentes: fustales (>10 cm d), latizales (5-9,9 cm d), necromasa, vegetación herbácea y hojarasca, para determinar las concentraciones de carbono existentes en cada uno, componentes que en su conjunto representan la cantidad potencial de carbono que puede ser liberado a la atmósfera o conservado y fijado en una determinada superficie. Con respecto al volumen de carbono del bosque, se determinó que el promedio acumulado en todos los componentes analizados es de 230,38 Mg/ha, por lo que se estima que el stock de carbono aproximado para toda la zona protectora "El Rodeo" es de 541 400,23 Mg. No obstante, el estudio elaborado evidenció una alta variabilidad en los contenidos de biomasa y carbono entre sitios y parcelas establecidas, debido a la amplia matriz del paisaje que genera heterogeneidad en el bosque.
Indigenous Ex Situ Conservation of Q'eqchi' Maya Medicinal Plant Resources at the Itzamma Garden-Indian Creek, Belize, Central America
(Springer Science, 2012-12-27) Audet, Patrick; Arnason, John; Audet, Patrick; Walshe-Roussel, Brendan; Cal, Victor; Caal, Francisco; Otárola Rojas, Marco Antonio; Sanchez Vindas, Pablo; Poveda Alvarez, Luis; Pesek, Todd; Arnason, John
The Itzamma Garden and Medicinal Plant Project is a collaborative effort focused on identifying traditionally important plants used by the Q'eqchi' Maya of southern Belize. The Garden represents a cornerstone of the project where these plant resources (~130 in total, of which 102 have been identified to the species level) are cultivated ex situ as a means of providing primary healthcare by traditional healers. Here, we present a comprehensive agro-ecological survey of the Garden describing the layout and cultivation scenarios, development challenges encountered, and associated implementation strategies for improving site practices. A general recommendation for the adaptation of this strategy to other localities is the thorough depiction of ecological features based on interactions with local practitioners, for example, leading to the effective cultivation of plants, the enhancement of soil, and the surveillance of crop nutritional status and medicinal potency. We consider that the 'ethnobotanical garden approach' could provide a collaborative 'working model' for rural development, especially indigenous communities interfacing with their local agro-ecosystems.
Inhibition of human pathogenic fungi by ethnobotanically selected plant extracts
(Deutschsprachige Mykologische Gesellschaft, 2003-02-14) Ficker, Christine E.; Arnason, J. T.; Sanchez Vindas, Pablo; Álvarez, L. P.; akpagana, koffi; Gbéassor, M.; De Souza, C.; Smith, M. L.
In this study, 36 extracts derived from 29 plant species selected using an ethnobotanical approach were tested for antifungal activity against a taxonomically diverse group of 13 human pathogenic fungi. We compared the inhibitory characteristics of these plant extracts with those of the commonly used antifungals, amphotericin B and ketoconazole, and the plant-derived antifungal, berberine. Several plant extracts, notably those from Zingiber officinale (ginger) and Juglans cinerea (butternut), had pronounced antifungal activity against a wide variety of fungi, including strains that were highly resistant to amphotericin B and ketoconazole. Further exploration of Z. officinale as an antifungal is warranted as this species is generally regarded as safe for human consumption.
New Bruce-ladder multiplex PCR assay for the biovar typing of Brucella suis and the discrimination of Brucella suis and Brucella canis
(Revista de Microbiología Veterinaria, 2011-06-28) López-Goñi, Ignacio; García-Yoldi, David
Rapid and specific identification of Brucella suis at the biovar level is necessary because some of the biovars that infect animals are pathogenic for humans. None of the molecular typing methods described so far are able to discriminate B. suis biovars in a single test and differentiation of B. suis from Brucella canis by molecular approaches can be difficult. This article describes a new multiplex PCR assay, Suis-ladder, for fast and accurate identification of B. suis at the biovar level and the differentiation of B. suis, B. canis and Brucella microti. An advancement of the original Bruce-ladder PCR protocol which allows the correct discrimination of all known Brucella species is also described.
Una nueva especie de Eugenia L. (Myrtaceae) de las selvas húmedas costarricenses
(Universidad de Costa Rica., 2004) Sánchez Vindas, Pablo
Se describe una nueva especie de Eugenia (Myrtaceae) de las veinte caribe de Costa Rica. Se distingue por las hojas con doble nervio marginal y los frutos acostillados y muy reticulado.
Parasites of cetaceans stranded on the Pacific coast of Costa Rica
(Revista de parasitología veterinaria, 2011-05-12) Oliveira, J.B.; Morales, J.A.; González, R.C.; Hernández, J; Hernández, G
Information regarding parasitic fauna of cetaceans from Costa Rica is provided for the first time. A total of 25 stranded dolphins and whales were examined between 2001 and 2009, including striped dolphin (Stenella coeruleoalba) (n = 19), pantropical spotted dolphin (S. attenuata) (n = 2), spinner dolphin (S. longirostris) (n = 1), bottlenose dolphin (Tursiops truncatus) (n = 1), dwarf sperm whale (Kogia sima) (n = 1) and Cuvier’s beaked whale (Ziphius cavirostris) (n = 1). Pathological findings associated with the parasites are also presented. In the most representative dolphin species, S. coeruleoalba, the prevalence of parasites was 89.5%; moreover, all examined specimens of S. attenuata, S. longirostris, T. truncatus and Z. cavirostris presented parasites. No parasites were recovered from K. sima. Fourteen helminth taxa were identified, including six species of cestodes (Strobilocephalus triangularis, Tetrabothrius forsteri, Trigonocotyle sp., Phyllobothrium delphini, Monorygma grimaldi, Tetraphyllidea gen. sp. plerocercoid), four digeneans (Nasitrema globicephalae, Brachycladium palliatum, B. pacificum and Oschmarinella albamarina) and four nematodes (Anisakis spp., Halocercus lagenorhynchi, Halocercus sp. and Crassicauda anthonyi). A commensal crustacean, Xenobalanus globicipitis, was also identified. All identified parasites representing new geographic records for the Pacific coast of Central America and new host records are presented. Parasitological information is valuable for conservation of cetaceans in Pacific coast of Costa Rica.

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