La oferta de financiamiento a nivel nacional e internacional, a los cuales puede acceder las micro, pequeñas y medianas empresas de la región Brunca, 2018
Fecha
2018
Autores
Rodríguez Jiménez, Yendry
Vega Rodríguez, Wainer
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Editor
Universidad Nacional, Costa Rica
Resumen
La presente investigación tuvo como finalidad analizar los distintos programas de financiamiento a nivel nacional e internacional, reembolsables y no reembolsables, mediante un estudio comparativo para identificar a cuáles fuentes de financiamiento pueden acceder las micro, pequeñas y medianas empresas de la Región Brunca, 2018. El proyecto trato de responder la interrogante: ¿Cuál es la oferta de programas de financiamiento a nivel nacional e internacional a las cuales pueden acceder las micro, pequeñas y medianas empresas de la Región Brunca, 2018? No se ha identificado cuál es la oferta de financiamiento para las Pymes, ni se ha abordado cuáles otras fuentes existen aparte del SBD; por lo cual existe la necesidad de ampliar de manera integral el tema de la oferta de financiamiento, de recursos rembolsables y no rembolsables, a nivel nacional e internacional a los que pueden acceder las micro, pequeñas y medianas empresas de la Región Brunca. Los Objetivos de investigación planteados fueron: a. Caracterizar los programas de crédito que ofrecen las agencias internacionales a las cuales pueden acceder las micro, pequeñas y medianas empresas de la Región Brunca, para financiar sus inversiones y nuevos emprendimientos. b. Caracterizar los programas de crédito que ofrecen las instituciones públicas y privadas a nivel nacional, a las que pueden acceder las micro, pequeñas y medianas empresas de la Región Brunca, para financiar sus inversiones y nuevos emprendimientos. c. Analizar la percepción de los programas financieros utilizados por una muestra de Mipymes de la Región Brunca, para conocer sus ventajas y desventajas. d. Elaborar una base de datos de las fuentes de financiamiento reembolsables y no reembolsables, a las que pueden acceder las Mipymes de la Región Brunca, que sirva de base al MEIC, Pérez Zeledón, para el programa gestión de proyectos. Para desarrollar la investigación se definieron cinco variables a investigar conforme a cada objetivo, las cuales fueron: Programas de crédito internacional para pymes, Programas de crédito, Grado de Formalización, Tipo de financiamiento, Percepción sobre el financiamiento. La información se obtuvo por medio de la aplicación de un cuestionario a las organizaciones internacionales, organizaciones nacionales y quince entrevistas a microempresarios de la Región Brunca, que estuvieron dispuestos a brindar información para llevar a cabo este estudio. Al finalizar el estudio se concluye que existe una oferta de financiamiento internacional muy limitada; entre los cuales, una de las entidades brinda fondos para trabajarse bajo la metodología de banca de segundo piso. Y además se incursiona con lo que es el “capital aventura”, que es poco conocido en el país. Sin embargo, este último representa una alternativa de financiamiento para las Mipymes de la Región Brunca.
The purpose of this research was to analyze the different national and international financing programs, both reimbursable and non-reimbursable, through a comparative study to identify the sources of financing that micro, small and medium-sized enterprises in the Brunca Region can access in 2018. The project sought to answer the question: What is the supply of national and international financing programs available to micro, small and medium-sized enterprises in the Brunca Region, 2018? It has not been identified what is the supply of financing for SMEs, nor has it been addressed what other sources exist apart from the SBD; therefore, there is a need to comprehensively expand the issue of the supply of financing, of reimbursable and non-reimbursable resources, at the national and international level to which micro, small and medium-sized enterprises in the Brunca Region can access. The research objectives were: a. Characterize the credit programs offered by international agencies that micro, small and medium-sized enterprises in the Brunca Region can access to finance their investments and new enterprises. b. Characterize the credit programs offered by international agencies that micro, small and medium-sized enterprises in the Brunca Region can access to finance their investments and new ventures. Characterize the credit programs offered by public and private institutions at the national level, which micro, small and medium-sized enterprises in the Brunca Region can access to finance their investments and new ventures. c. Analyze the perception of the financial programs used by a sample of MSMEs in the Brunca Region, to learn about their advantages and disadvantages. d. Develop a database of the financial programs used by micro, small and medium-sized enterprises in the Brunca Region. To elaborate a database of reimbursable and non-reimbursable financing sources available to MSMEs in the Brunca Region, to serve as a basis for the MEIC, Pérez Zeledón, for the project management program. To develop the research, five variables were defined to investigate according to each objective, which were: International credit programs for SMEs, Credit programs, Degree of Formalization, Type of financing, Perception of financing. The information was obtained through the application of a questionnaire to international organizations, national organizations and fifteen interviews with microentrepreneurs in the Brunca Region, who were willing to provide information to carry out this study. At the end of the study it was concluded that there is a very limited supply of international financing; among which, one of the entities provides funds to work under the second floor banking methodology. In addition, there is venture capital, which is little known in the country. However, the latter represents a financing alternative for MSMEs in the Brunca Region.
The purpose of this research was to analyze the different national and international financing programs, both reimbursable and non-reimbursable, through a comparative study to identify the sources of financing that micro, small and medium-sized enterprises in the Brunca Region can access in 2018. The project sought to answer the question: What is the supply of national and international financing programs available to micro, small and medium-sized enterprises in the Brunca Region, 2018? It has not been identified what is the supply of financing for SMEs, nor has it been addressed what other sources exist apart from the SBD; therefore, there is a need to comprehensively expand the issue of the supply of financing, of reimbursable and non-reimbursable resources, at the national and international level to which micro, small and medium-sized enterprises in the Brunca Region can access. The research objectives were: a. Characterize the credit programs offered by international agencies that micro, small and medium-sized enterprises in the Brunca Region can access to finance their investments and new enterprises. b. Characterize the credit programs offered by international agencies that micro, small and medium-sized enterprises in the Brunca Region can access to finance their investments and new ventures. Characterize the credit programs offered by public and private institutions at the national level, which micro, small and medium-sized enterprises in the Brunca Region can access to finance their investments and new ventures. c. Analyze the perception of the financial programs used by a sample of MSMEs in the Brunca Region, to learn about their advantages and disadvantages. d. Develop a database of the financial programs used by micro, small and medium-sized enterprises in the Brunca Region. To elaborate a database of reimbursable and non-reimbursable financing sources available to MSMEs in the Brunca Region, to serve as a basis for the MEIC, Pérez Zeledón, for the project management program. To develop the research, five variables were defined to investigate according to each objective, which were: International credit programs for SMEs, Credit programs, Degree of Formalization, Type of financing, Perception of financing. The information was obtained through the application of a questionnaire to international organizations, national organizations and fifteen interviews with microentrepreneurs in the Brunca Region, who were willing to provide information to carry out this study. At the end of the study it was concluded that there is a very limited supply of international financing; among which, one of the entities provides funds to work under the second floor banking methodology. In addition, there is venture capital, which is little known in the country. However, the latter represents a financing alternative for MSMEs in the Brunca Region.
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Palabras clave
PEQUEÑAS EMPRESAS, ADMINISTRACIÓN, CRÉDITO, FINANCIAMIENTO, COOPERACION ECONOMICA, PYMES, REGION BRUNCA (COSTA RICA), SMALL BUSINESS, ADMINISTRATION, CREDIT, FINANCING, ECONOMIC COOPERATION