Relación del estado fisiológico de ovarios de cerdas con la causa del descarte en dos granjas de Costa Rica

Abstract

Con el objetivo de determinar la relación de la condición funcio- nal de los ovarios de cerdas con la causa del descarte, se reali- zó un análisis de 260 pares de gónadas de hembras porcinas, provenientes de cerdas de descarte de dos granjas comerciales del Valle Central de Costa Rica. Para determinar la condición funcional de los ovarios se observaron, contabilizaron y midie- ron los folículos y cuerpos lúteos, de los cuales se consideraron como estructuras funcionales los mayores a 5mm y menores a 15mm y como quísticos, aquellos mayores a 15mm. Además, se clasificaron como ovarios sin actividad cíclica o en anestro los que presentaron folículos menores a 5mm y ausencia de cuerpos lúteos. Un total de 106 (40,8%) cerdas fueron descarta- das por edad avanzada, seguido de 66 (25,4%) por baja pro- ductividad, 58 (22,3%) por fallo reproductivo y por ultimo 30 (11,5%) hembras fueron desechadas por otras causas. En el caso de los hallazgos ováricos, 138 (53,1%) cerdas se encon- traron en fase lútea, posteriormente 89 (34,2%) en fase folicu- lar, es decir, 227 (87,3%) hembras mostraron actividad cíclica. En 28 (10,8%) animales se observaron estructuras quísticas en sus ovarios y en 5 (1,9%) se evidenció ausencia de actividad cí- clica o anestro. El promedio de número de partos en las cerdas a la hora del descarte fue de 5,5. Al relacionar el estado fisioló- gico con las causas de descarte, no se observó ninguna asocia- ción entre ambas variables.

In order to establish the relationship between the functional state of the ovaries of sows and their culling cause, 260 pairs of gonads were analyzed from sows culled for different rea- sons in two commercial swine herds located in the Central Val- ley of Costa Rica. The follicles and corpora lutea were exam- ined, counted and measured to judge the functional state of the ovaries. They were considered as functional when the diame- ter was between 5mm and 15mm and cystic when it was larger than 15mm, also the ovaries were categorized as inactive when neither of the structures was recognized or their diameter were less than 5mm. A total of 106 sows (40.8%) were culled because of old age, followed by 66 (25.4%) due to low produc- tivity, 58 (22.3%) due to reproductive disorder and 30 sows (11.5%) owe to other reasons. Taking into consideration the ovarian findings, 138 (53.1%) of the sows were found into lu- teal phase, 89 (34.2%) into follicular phase, which means that 227 (87.3%) of the culled animals were cycling. On the other hand, 28 sows (10.8%) possessed cystic structures and 5 (1.9%) were in anestrus. The average parity number at re- moval for all sows 5.5. It was not found a correlation between the functional state of the ovaries and the reasons for culling.