Competencias científicas promovidas en la educación primaria como una base fundamental y necesaria para el aprendizaje de las Ciencias naturales en el III Ciclo de Educación General Básica
Archivos
Fecha
2017-04
Autores
Bonilla Vargas, Milena
Núñez Retana, Laura
Montoya Jiménez, Gabriel
Chaves Alvarado, Catalá
Título de la revista
ISSN de la revista
Título del volumen
Editor
Universidad Nacional (Costa Rica)
Resumen
El objetivo general de la investigación es analizar si las competencias previas promovidas en la educación primaria se constituyen en una base fundamental y necesaria para el aprendizaje de las ciencias naturales en el III ciclo de Educación General Básica (EGB) del circuito 01 de la Regional de Heredia, como una primera aproximación para intervenciones futuras en los programas de estudio del II y III ciclo de EGB.
Esta investigación responde a un estudio tipo fenomenológico interpretativo ubicado en un enfoque cualitativo, que se fundamenta en describir y entender los fenómenos del participante. La literatura consultada hace referencia a las Ciencias Naturales con el enfoque de competencias científicas. para el registro de la información se utilizaron las técnicas de análisis de contenidos para estudiar los programas de estudio de II y III ciclo, entrevistas semiestructuradas para los estudiantes y cuestionarios para docentes. Para sistematizar la información se diseñaron tablas comparativas y graficas con el respectivo análisis de los datos obtenidos.
Los principales resultados muestran la existencia de una consecución en las temáticas de los niveles de II ciclo, en los programas de III ciclo se encontraron varias capacidades esperadas que están estrechamente relacionadas con las de primaria, esta correlación permite establecer relaciones y contribuciones presentes en los programas como papel fundamental que cumplen los procesos de enseñanza aprendizaje en el II ciclo, ya que se constituye en la base para el aprendizaje y desarrollo de habilidades científicas en el III ciclo de EGB.
Por otra parte, en cuanto a los resultados obtenidos de los docentes se manifiesta que los de primaria desconocen la amplia relación que existe entre los contenidos de II y III ciclo, por lo que no brindan un adecuado énfasis a los contenidos que se requieren en niveles superiores; en cuanto a los docentes de secundaria se manifiesta que la mayoría de los contenidos vistos en primaria son importantes para el estudiante en el aprendizaje del III ciclo. Además, los estudiantes manifiestan recordar pocos contenidos vistos en la primaria, por lo que para ellos estos son vistos hasta la secundaria, evidenciando así un aprendizaje deficiente en los contenidos fundamentales para el III ciclo.
Las principales conclusiones indican que los programas de estudio poseen una amplia correlación entre las temáticas, brindando así al aprendizaje del estudiante un hilo conductor para un aprendizaje más significativo, pero a pesar de ello los docentes no abordan los contenidos conceptuales, procedimentales y actitudinales de las unidades, sí se logra dar un desarrollo adecuado de las competencias científicas permite que el educando adquiera las herramientas necesarias que promueve la enseñanza de las ciencias naturales en la educación primaria como base para los conocimientos en la secundaria.
Entre las líneas de acción se propone investigaciones que permitan profundizar: implementar la construcción de los programas de estudio del MEP bajo el enfoque de las competencias científicas; estrategias a implementar que faciliten el desarrollo de competencias científicas; mejorar los métodos de enseñanza y reforzar aquellos aprendizajes fundamentales en II y III ciclo de EGB.
The general objective of the research is to analyze if the previous competences promoted in primary education constitute a fundamental and necessary base for the learning of natural sciences in the III cycle of Basic General Education (EGB) of circuit 01 of the Regional de Heredia, as a first approximation for future interventions in the study programs of the II and III cycle of GBS. This research responds to an interpretative phenomenological study located in a qualitative approach, which is based on describing and understanding the participant's phenomena. The literature consulted refers to the Natural Sciences with the approach of scientific competences. For the registration of the information, content analysis techniques were used to study the study programs of the II and III cycle, semi-structured interviews for students and questionnaires for teachers. To systematize the information, comparative and graphic tables were designed with the respective analysis of the data obtained. The main results show the existence of an achievement in the themes of the II cycle levels, in the III cycle programs several expected capacities were found that are closely related to those of primary school, this correlation allows establishing relationships and contributions present in the programs as a fundamental role played by the teaching-learning processes in the II cycle, since it constitutes the basis for learning and development of scientific skills in the III cycle of EGB. On the other hand, in terms of the results obtained from the teachers, it is stated that the primary ones are unaware of the broad relationship that exists between the contents of the II and III cycle, for which reason they do not provide adequate emphasis to the contents that are required in higher levels. superiors; Regarding secondary school teachers, it is stated that most of the contents seen in primary school are important for the student in the learning of the III cycle. In addition, the students state that they remember few contents seen in primary school, so for them they are seen until secondary school, thus evidencing deficient learning in the fundamental contents for the III cycle. The main conclusions indicate that the study programs have a wide correlation between the themes, thus providing student learning with a common thread for a more meaningful learning, but despite this, teachers do not address the conceptual, procedural and attitudinal contents of the units, if it is possible to give an adequate development of scientific competences, it allows the student to acquire the necessary tools that promote the teaching of natural sciences in primary education as a basis for knowledge in secondary school. Among the lines of action, research is proposed that allows to deepen: implement the construction of the study programs of the MEP under the approach of scientific competences; strategies to be implemented that facilitate the development of scientific competencies; improve teaching methods and reinforce fundamental learning in the II and III cycle of EGB.
The general objective of the research is to analyze if the previous competences promoted in primary education constitute a fundamental and necessary base for the learning of natural sciences in the III cycle of Basic General Education (EGB) of circuit 01 of the Regional de Heredia, as a first approximation for future interventions in the study programs of the II and III cycle of GBS. This research responds to an interpretative phenomenological study located in a qualitative approach, which is based on describing and understanding the participant's phenomena. The literature consulted refers to the Natural Sciences with the approach of scientific competences. For the registration of the information, content analysis techniques were used to study the study programs of the II and III cycle, semi-structured interviews for students and questionnaires for teachers. To systematize the information, comparative and graphic tables were designed with the respective analysis of the data obtained. The main results show the existence of an achievement in the themes of the II cycle levels, in the III cycle programs several expected capacities were found that are closely related to those of primary school, this correlation allows establishing relationships and contributions present in the programs as a fundamental role played by the teaching-learning processes in the II cycle, since it constitutes the basis for learning and development of scientific skills in the III cycle of EGB. On the other hand, in terms of the results obtained from the teachers, it is stated that the primary ones are unaware of the broad relationship that exists between the contents of the II and III cycle, for which reason they do not provide adequate emphasis to the contents that are required in higher levels. superiors; Regarding secondary school teachers, it is stated that most of the contents seen in primary school are important for the student in the learning of the III cycle. In addition, the students state that they remember few contents seen in primary school, so for them they are seen until secondary school, thus evidencing deficient learning in the fundamental contents for the III cycle. The main conclusions indicate that the study programs have a wide correlation between the themes, thus providing student learning with a common thread for a more meaningful learning, but despite this, teachers do not address the conceptual, procedural and attitudinal contents of the units, if it is possible to give an adequate development of scientific competences, it allows the student to acquire the necessary tools that promote the teaching of natural sciences in primary education as a basis for knowledge in secondary school. Among the lines of action, research is proposed that allows to deepen: implement the construction of the study programs of the MEP under the approach of scientific competences; strategies to be implemented that facilitate the development of scientific competencies; improve teaching methods and reinforce fundamental learning in the II and III cycle of EGB.
Descripción
Bonilla Vargas, M. et al. (2017). Competencias científicas promovidas en la educación primaria como una base fundamental y necesaria para el aprendizaje de las Ciencias naturales en el III Ciclo de Educación General Básica. [Tesis de Licenciatura]. Universidad Nacional, Heredia, C.R.
Palabras clave
ENSEÑANZA PRIMARIA, ENSEÑANZA SECUNDARIA, PROGRAMAS DE EDUCACION, EDUCATION PROGRAMS, CIENCIAS FISICAS Y NATURALES, METODOS DE ENSEÑANZA, TEACHING METHODS, MODELOS EDUCACIONALES, COMPETENCIA (APTITUD)