Estrategias implementadas por la Asociación de Mujeres Artesanas, Agroindustriales, Orgánicas y Afines, Heredia por Media Calle, para el desarrollo de ideas productivas, cantón de Heredia, 2017 - 2021
Fecha
2023
Autores
Diaz Solis, María Auxiliadora
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Editor
Universidad Nacional, Costa Rica
Resumen
El presente proyecto final de graduación describe la percepción de las mujeres
empresarias de la Asociación Mujeres Artesanas, Agroindustriales, Orgánicas y Afines,
Heredia por Media Calle, del cantón central de Heredia, sobre los procesos internos de
gestión en la organización; los resultados obtenidos en las unidades microempresariales; las
dificultades que enfrentan; las expectativas para mejorar sus capacidades, hacer crecer y
desarrollar sus empresas.
Las mujeres afrontan particularidades que condicionan su participación en los
mercados laborales, múltiples factores limitan su tiempo tanto para cumplir con una jornada
laboral como para capacitarse, por ejemplo, el trabajo reproductivo es socialmente asignado
a las mujeres, lo que las lleva a desempeñar un doble rol de trabajo, esto les restringe el
acceso a los recursos económicos, dejándolas en condiciones de vulnerabilidad y pobreza.
Aunado a esto, las mujeres sufren de discriminación en los espacios laborales debido
a que reciben un salario menor que sus pares por un trabajo en igualdad de condiciones. El
Estado, por su parte, y como respuesta a estas desigualdades, desde los años noventa viene
promoviendo una cultura de empresariedad, impulsando programas de apoyo a mujeres
emprendedoras para que logren consolidar sus ideas productivas.
Los emprendedores crean pequeñas empresas de autoempleo, inician con capital
propio y deben pasar una serie de retos y dificultades, el mayor de los cuales es la falta de
liquidez y no tener acceso a créditos bancarios. Esto los mantiene en una baja producción,
genera pocos ingresos y, como consecuencia, no pueden reinvertir lo suficiente para
mantener una producción.
La Asociación de Mujeres Artesanas, Agroindustriales, Orgánicas y Afines, Heredia
por Media Calle, agrupa ciento treinta mujeres artesanas con una misma visión: desarrollar
y consolidar sus unidades microempresariales, con el fin de contar con recursos económicos
fijos, así como crecer y desarrollarse hasta formalizar sus negocios. El mayor recurso con
que cuenta la organización es el ‘recurso humano’, sobre este, se sustenta todo un trabajo de
voluntariado guiado por la ‘sororidad’ entre las mujeres asociadas.
El propósito de este trabajo final es plantear ante la organización una propuesta de
mejora que consiste en concientizar a los actores sociales involucrados acerca de la
importancia de operar los procesos de gestión internos y externos bajo el pensamiento
estratégico y prospectivo, para explorar diferentes escenarios futuros, analizando en conjunto
con los fenómenos sociales, económicos, políticos, culturales y ambientales que pueden
afectar o modificar este futuro; a partir de toda esta información, se busca construir
estratégicamente, desde el presente, el mejor futuro deseado (Mojica, 2006).
La propuesta metodológica no responde a un modelo en específico, sino que se trató
de construir un enfoque que se ajuste a la condición actual de la organización y a la necesidad
de fortalecer los procesos de gestión, para lo que se plantea incluir la planificación estratégica
como una herramienta orientada a la toma de decisiones que lleven a la ejecución de cambios
futuros y, por medio del pensamiento estratégico, reconstruir la visión a largo plazo, ejes,
objetivos y metas estratégicas. A partir de este proceso, se espera el éxito de las acciones
operativas.
La importancia de establecer esta propuesta metodológica es lograr vincular la
prospectiva con la planificación estratégica, al permitir la articulación del nivel estratégico
con el táctico y el operativo, entendiendo al primero como las acciones orientadas a generar
capacidades organizacionales para el fortalecimiento de la gestión en aquellas áreas de la
organización en las que se encontraron debilidades.
This final graduation project describes the perception of women businesswomen of the Association of Artisanal, Agroindustrial, Organic and Related Women, Heredia by Media Calle, from the central canton of Heredia, on the internal processes of management in the organization; the results obtained in the microbusiness units; the difficulties they face; expectations to improve their capabilities, grow and develop their companies. Women face particularities that condition their participation in labor markets, multiple factors limit your time both to complete a day labor as well as training, for example, reproductive work is socially assigned women, which leads them to perform a double work role, this restricts their access to economic resources, leaving them in conditions of vulnerability and poverty. In addition to this, women suffer discrimination in the workplace due to because they receive a lower salary than their peers for work under equal conditions. He State, for its part, and in response to these inequalities, since the nineties it has promoting a culture of entrepreneurship, promoting support programs for women entrepreneurs so that they can consolidate their productive ideas. Entrepreneurs create small self-employment companies, start with capital own and must go through a series of challenges and difficulties, the greatest of which is the lack of liquidity and not having access to bank credit. This keeps them in low production, generates little income and, as a consequence, they cannot reinvest enough to maintain production. The Association of Artisanal, Agroindustrial, Organic and Related Women, Heredia by Media Calle, brings together one hundred and thirty women artisans with the same vision: to develop and consolidate their microbusiness units, in order to have economic resources fixed, as well as grow and develop until they formalize their businesses. The largest resource with What the organization counts is the 'human resource', on which a whole work of volunteering guided by 'sorority' among the associated women. The purpose of this final work is to present to the organization a proposal for improvement that consists of raising awareness among the social actors involved about the importance of operating internal and external management processes under the thinking strategic and prospective, to explore different future scenarios, analyzing together with the social, economic, political, cultural and environmental phenomena that can affect or modify this future; From all this information, we seek to build strategically, from the present, the best desired future (Mojica, 2006). The methodological proposal does not respond to a specific model, but was treated to build an approach that fits the current condition of the organization and the need to strengthen management processes, for which it is proposed to include strategic planning as a tool aimed at making decisions that lead to the execution of changes futures and, through strategic thinking, reconstruct the long-term vision, axes, strategic objectives and goals. From this process, the success of the actions is expected operational. The importance of establishing this methodological proposal is to link the prospective with strategic planning, by allowing the articulation of the strategic level with the tactical and the operational, understanding the first as the actions aimed at generating organizational capabilities to strengthen management in those areas of the organization in which weaknesses were found
This final graduation project describes the perception of women businesswomen of the Association of Artisanal, Agroindustrial, Organic and Related Women, Heredia by Media Calle, from the central canton of Heredia, on the internal processes of management in the organization; the results obtained in the microbusiness units; the difficulties they face; expectations to improve their capabilities, grow and develop their companies. Women face particularities that condition their participation in labor markets, multiple factors limit your time both to complete a day labor as well as training, for example, reproductive work is socially assigned women, which leads them to perform a double work role, this restricts their access to economic resources, leaving them in conditions of vulnerability and poverty. In addition to this, women suffer discrimination in the workplace due to because they receive a lower salary than their peers for work under equal conditions. He State, for its part, and in response to these inequalities, since the nineties it has promoting a culture of entrepreneurship, promoting support programs for women entrepreneurs so that they can consolidate their productive ideas. Entrepreneurs create small self-employment companies, start with capital own and must go through a series of challenges and difficulties, the greatest of which is the lack of liquidity and not having access to bank credit. This keeps them in low production, generates little income and, as a consequence, they cannot reinvest enough to maintain production. The Association of Artisanal, Agroindustrial, Organic and Related Women, Heredia by Media Calle, brings together one hundred and thirty women artisans with the same vision: to develop and consolidate their microbusiness units, in order to have economic resources fixed, as well as grow and develop until they formalize their businesses. The largest resource with What the organization counts is the 'human resource', on which a whole work of volunteering guided by 'sorority' among the associated women. The purpose of this final work is to present to the organization a proposal for improvement that consists of raising awareness among the social actors involved about the importance of operating internal and external management processes under the thinking strategic and prospective, to explore different future scenarios, analyzing together with the social, economic, political, cultural and environmental phenomena that can affect or modify this future; From all this information, we seek to build strategically, from the present, the best desired future (Mojica, 2006). The methodological proposal does not respond to a specific model, but was treated to build an approach that fits the current condition of the organization and the need to strengthen management processes, for which it is proposed to include strategic planning as a tool aimed at making decisions that lead to the execution of changes futures and, through strategic thinking, reconstruct the long-term vision, axes, strategic objectives and goals. From this process, the success of the actions is expected operational. The importance of establishing this methodological proposal is to link the prospective with strategic planning, by allowing the articulation of the strategic level with the tactical and the operational, understanding the first as the actions aimed at generating organizational capabilities to strengthen management in those areas of the organization in which weaknesses were found
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Palabras clave
HEREDIA (COSTA RICA), PLANIFICACIÓN ESTRATÉGICA, STRATEGIC PLANNING, PYMES, SMEs, MUJERES, WOMEN, TRABAJADORAS, WORKERS