Historias de mujeres: duelos silenciados de una provincia costera. Grupo de encuentro para la resignificación de la pérdida por homicidio
Fecha
2026-01-30
Autores
Acosta Cabezas, Mónica Alexa
Fernández Araya, Valeria
Leandro Arroyo, Ana Carolina
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Editor
Universidad Nacional, Costa Rica
Resumen
El presente proyecto tuvo como objetivo general desarrollar un proceso de acompañamiento grupal de 10 sesiones para el abordaje del duelo en mujeres residentes de la provincia de Puntarenas, que han perdido a un familiar cercano por homicidio. Este proyecto de graduación, titulado Historias de mujeres: duelos silenciados de una provincia costera. Grupo de encuentro para la resignificación de la pérdida por homicidio, surgió ante la crisis de violencia que atraviesa Costa Rica y la necesidad de acompañar a mujeres cuyas historias permanecen silenciadas. El proceso se desarrolló a través de una metodología psicosocial y grupal, ejecutada en cuatro fases: aproximación, diseño, acompañamiento y análisis de resultados. El acompañamiento consistió en un dispositivo grupal y en el uso de metodologías que apostaron por lo lúdico, resultando en un espacio para que las participantes pudieran compartir sus experiencias, resignificar sus pérdidas y construir vínculos desde lo común y los afectos. El abordaje se realizó con mujeres sobrevivientes de violencia de diversas comunidades de la provincia de Puntarenas, y se desarrolló en la Casa de la Mujer de la Municipalidad de Esparza, que ofreció las condiciones logísticas necesarias. El proyecto inició con una fase de aproximación singular a través de la realización de entrevistas a profundidad para familiarizarse con la problemática y reconocer el contexto de la provincia. Los resultados del proyecto evidenciaron la necesidad y la urgencia del acompañamiento para abordar el duelo por homicidio, así como el profundo entrelazamiento de la violencia estructural con las experiencias de las mujeres. Los encuentros constatan que el duelo por homicidio está atravesado por el territorio, las desigualdades y una insuficiente respuesta institucional, señalando la vigencia de las necropolíticas que clasifican ciertas vidas como no importantes. La experiencia grupal favoreció la construcción de un sentido de colectividad que permitió acompañar las vivencias de sufrimiento que las mujeres enfrentan desde una soledad forzada. Este acompañamiento hace viable una recolocación del dolor donde es posible el sostenimiento desde lo común y el lazo social. En la evaluación final se reflejó como las expectativas de las participantes se cumplieron en su mayoría, logrando encontrar un apoyo emocional, acompañándose en el dolor y abriendo la posibilidad para resignificar la pérdida.
The overall objective of this project was to develop a 10-session group support process for addressing grief in women residing in the province of Puntarenas who have lost a close relative to homicide. This graduation project, entitled "Women's Stories: Silenced Grief in a Coastal Province. A Meeting Group for Reinterpreting Loss Due to Homicide," arose in response to the violence crisis in Costa Rica and the need to support women whose stories remain unspoken. The process was developed using a psychosocial and group methodology, implemented in four phases: approach, design, support, and results analysis. The support consisted of a group setting and the use of playful methodologies, resulting in a space where participants could share their experiences, reinterpret their losses, and build connections based on shared experiences and affection. The approach was implemented with women survivors of violence from various communities in the province of Puntarenas and took place at the Women's Center of the Municipality of Esparza, which provided the necessary logistical support. The project began with a unique approach, conducting in-depth interviews to gain familiarity with the issue and understand the context of the province. The project's results highlighted the need for and urgency of support in addressing grief following homicide, as well as the profound intertwining of structural violence with women's experiences. The meetings confirmed that grief following homicide is shaped by territory, inequalities, and an insufficient institutional response, underscoring the persistence of necropolitics that classify certain lives as unimportant. The group experience fostered a sense of community, enabling participants to support the suffering women face in their forced isolation. This support facilitates a reinterpretation of pain, allowing for sustenance through shared experiences and social connection. The final evaluation reflected that the participants' expectations were largely met, as they found emotional support, shared grief, and the possibility of reinterpreting their loss.
The overall objective of this project was to develop a 10-session group support process for addressing grief in women residing in the province of Puntarenas who have lost a close relative to homicide. This graduation project, entitled "Women's Stories: Silenced Grief in a Coastal Province. A Meeting Group for Reinterpreting Loss Due to Homicide," arose in response to the violence crisis in Costa Rica and the need to support women whose stories remain unspoken. The process was developed using a psychosocial and group methodology, implemented in four phases: approach, design, support, and results analysis. The support consisted of a group setting and the use of playful methodologies, resulting in a space where participants could share their experiences, reinterpret their losses, and build connections based on shared experiences and affection. The approach was implemented with women survivors of violence from various communities in the province of Puntarenas and took place at the Women's Center of the Municipality of Esparza, which provided the necessary logistical support. The project began with a unique approach, conducting in-depth interviews to gain familiarity with the issue and understand the context of the province. The project's results highlighted the need for and urgency of support in addressing grief following homicide, as well as the profound intertwining of structural violence with women's experiences. The meetings confirmed that grief following homicide is shaped by territory, inequalities, and an insufficient institutional response, underscoring the persistence of necropolitics that classify certain lives as unimportant. The group experience fostered a sense of community, enabling participants to support the suffering women face in their forced isolation. This support facilitates a reinterpretation of pain, allowing for sustenance through shared experiences and social connection. The final evaluation reflected that the participants' expectations were largely met, as they found emotional support, shared grief, and the possibility of reinterpreting their loss.
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Palabras clave
ORIENTACIÓN PSICOLÓGICA, PSYCHOLOGICAL GUIDANCE, HOMICIDIO, HOMICIDE, DUELO, DUEL, VIOLENCIA, VIOLENCE, MUJERES, WOMEN
