Propuesta para la restauración de la cobertura vegetal en la zona ribereña del río Tibás como insumo para el establecimiento de un corredor biológico interurbano
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Fecha
2017
Autores
Calvo Villalobos, Jossy Esteban
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Editor
Universidad Nacional (Costa Rica)
Resumen
Los cambios acelerados en el uso de suelo en zonas aledañas al río Tibás generan impactos negativos en la biodiversidad y calidad de vida social. Esta investigación elabora una propuesta para restaurar la cobertura vegetal del área destinada a un corredor biológico interurbano en dicho cauce. En la metodología se estratificó el corredor según su altitud y se realizaron cuatro etapas: l) Establecimiento de 60 parcelas de muestreo de vegetación (15 x 15 m) para evaluación de la biodiversidad, sucesión, gremios ecológicos y síndromes de dispersión de árboles (DAP > IO cm) y brinzales. 2) Selección de sitios prioritarios de manejo a través de criterios biofísicos y socioeconómicos del corredor. 3) Selección de especies forestales para la restauración según análisis de suelo, su valor ecológico y social y 4) delimitación de prácticas de manejo para la restauración. Los distintos estratos mostraron indicadores óptimos de biodiversidad y reclutamiento, sin embargo, las zonas baja y media sugieren mayor perturbación y menor resiliencia debido a proporciones mayores de especies heliófilas y dispersadas por viento. La metodología permitió delimitar 20 sitios prioritarios, ubicados principalmente en las zonas media y baja del corredor. Además, se contactaron a 52 de sus respectivos propietarios para una valoración social. En general su percepción y anuencia hacia la restauración es positiva (94% anuentes). Para esta investigación se seleccionaron IO sitios como base con aproximadamente 68 ha efectivas de manejo. En la propuesta se indica las estrategias de manejo con base en los tipos de cobertura encontrados y que abarcan prácticas como: enriquecimiento de zonas boscosas, arborización de zonas urbanas, fortalecimiento de sistemas agropecuarios y plantaciones de diversos diseños. También se proponen 52 especies forestales nativas, óptimas para el manejo en cada sitio. Finalmente se recomiendan algunos lineamientos socioeconómicos de manejo y un plan para monitorear el proceso de restauración.
The accelerated changes in land use in areas surrounding the Tibás River generate negative impacts on biodiversity and quality of social life. This investigation elaborates a proposal to restore the vegetal cover of the area destined to an interurban biological corridor in said channel. In the methodology, the corridor was stratified according to its altitude and four stages were carried out: l) Establishment of 60 vegetation sampling plots (15 x 15 m) for evaluation of biodiversity, succession, ecological guilds and tree dispersal syndromes (DAP). > IO cm) and seedlings. 2) Selection of priority management sites through biophysical and socioeconomic criteria of the corridor. 3) Selection of forest species for restoration according to soil analysis, their ecological and social value and 4) delimitation of management practices for restoration. The different strata showed optimal indicators of biodiversity and recruitment, however, the lower and middle zones suggest greater disturbance and less resilience due to higher proportions of light-loving and wind-dispersed species. The methodology made it possible to delimit 20 priority sites, located mainly in the middle and lower areas of the corridor. In addition, 52 of their respective owners were contacted for a social assessment. In general, their perception and agreement towards restoration is positive (94% agree). For this research, IO sites were selected as bases with approximately 68 effective management hectares. The proposal indicates the management strategies based on the types of coverage found and that include practices such as: enrichment of forested areas, arborization of urban areas, strengthening of agricultural systems and plantations of various designs. 52 native forest species are also proposed, optimal for management in each site. Finally, some socioeconomic management guidelines and a plan to monitor the restoration process are recommended.
The accelerated changes in land use in areas surrounding the Tibás River generate negative impacts on biodiversity and quality of social life. This investigation elaborates a proposal to restore the vegetal cover of the area destined to an interurban biological corridor in said channel. In the methodology, the corridor was stratified according to its altitude and four stages were carried out: l) Establishment of 60 vegetation sampling plots (15 x 15 m) for evaluation of biodiversity, succession, ecological guilds and tree dispersal syndromes (DAP). > IO cm) and seedlings. 2) Selection of priority management sites through biophysical and socioeconomic criteria of the corridor. 3) Selection of forest species for restoration according to soil analysis, their ecological and social value and 4) delimitation of management practices for restoration. The different strata showed optimal indicators of biodiversity and recruitment, however, the lower and middle zones suggest greater disturbance and less resilience due to higher proportions of light-loving and wind-dispersed species. The methodology made it possible to delimit 20 priority sites, located mainly in the middle and lower areas of the corridor. In addition, 52 of their respective owners were contacted for a social assessment. In general, their perception and agreement towards restoration is positive (94% agree). For this research, IO sites were selected as bases with approximately 68 effective management hectares. The proposal indicates the management strategies based on the types of coverage found and that include practices such as: enrichment of forested areas, arborization of urban areas, strengthening of agricultural systems and plantations of various designs. 52 native forest species are also proposed, optimal for management in each site. Finally, some socioeconomic management guidelines and a plan to monitor the restoration process are recommended.
Descripción
Calvo Villalobos, J. E. (2017). Propuesta para la restauración de la cobertura vegetal en la zona ribereña del río Tibás como insumo para el establecimiento de un corredor biológico interurbano. [Tesis de Licenciatura]. Universidad Nacional, Heredia, C.R.
Palabras clave
CORREDOR BIOLOGICO RIO TIBAS (SAN JOSE), BIODIVERSIDAD, BIODIVERSITY, ECOLOGIA, ECOLOGY, UTILIZACION DE LA TIERRA, MANEJO FORESTAL, DIAGNOSTICO, ESPECIES, EVALUACION