Posicionamiento taxonómico del complejo de especies del pez león (Pterois volitous/miles) y caracterización de su nicho isotópico en el Caribe Sur, Costa Rica
Fecha
2019
Autores
Cambronero Solano, Sergio
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Editor
Universidad Nacional (Costa Rica)
Resumen
Las invasiones biológicas son uno de los principales impulsores de la pérdida de biodiversidad.
El comercio humano introdujo el pez león en el Océano Atlántico hace unos 30 años, y
actualmente se considera la invasión marina más importante en los ecosistemas tropicales. El
proceso de invasión ha sido bien documentado en la mayor parte del rango invadido, sin
embargo, las vías de dispersión, la conectividad y los impactos tróficos aún no se han evaluado
en el suroeste del Caribe. Para llenar este vacío de información, se realizaron análisis genéticos y
de isótopos estables de la población de peces león en la costa caribeña de Costa Rica. Evaluamos
las secuencias de dos genes mitocondriales (16S rRNA y citocromo b) para determinar qué
especies del complejo Pterois volitans / miles están presentes en la región. Además, se utilizaron
análisis de contenido estomacal y modelos de mezcla según la composición de isótopos de
relación (δ13C / δ15N) para inferir el nicho isotópico de individuos de peces león recogidos hasta
150 metros de profundidad. Los resultados muestran que solo P. volitans está presente en este
momento en la costa caribeña de Costa Rica. Los análisis de máxima verosimilitud y bayesianos
de las secuencias muestran una diferenciación de la población costarricense de los demás en el
rango invadido, lo que da una idea de una posible estructura genética en el suroeste del Caribe.
Los resultados de isótopos estables indican una variación intrapoblacional del nicho isotópico del
pez león, según el sexo y el tamaño. Además, se demostró que el pez león ocupa un alto nivel
trófico en la región, con un ancho y rango de nicho que podría superponerse al de otras especies
de interés ecológico y comercial.
Biological invasions are one of the main drivers of biodiversity loss. Human trade introduced lionfish to the Atlantic Ocean about 30 years ago, and it is currently considered the most important marine invasion in tropical ecosystems. The invasion process has been well documented throughout most of the invaded range, however dispersal pathways, connectivity, and trophic impacts have yet to be assessed in the southwestern Caribbean. To fill this information gap, stable isotope and genetic analyzes of the lionfish population were performed on the Caribbean coast of Costa Rica. We evaluated the sequences of two mitochondrial genes (16S rRNA and cytochrome b) to determine which species of the Pterois volitans / miles complex are present in the region. In addition, stomach content analysis and mixing models according to the isotope composition ratio (δ13C / δ15N) were used to infer the isotopic niche of lionfish individuals collected up to 150 meters deep. The results show that only P. volitans is present at this time on the Caribbean coast of Costa Rica. The maximum likelihood and Bayesian analyzes of the sequences show a differentiation of the Costa Rican population from the others in the invaded range, which gives an idea of a possible genetic structure in the southwestern Caribbean. The stable isotope results indicate an intrapopulation variation of the lionfish isotopic niche, according to sex and size. In addition, it was shown that lionfish occupy a high trophic level in the region, with a width and niche range that could overlap that of other species of ecological and commercial interest.
Biological invasions are one of the main drivers of biodiversity loss. Human trade introduced lionfish to the Atlantic Ocean about 30 years ago, and it is currently considered the most important marine invasion in tropical ecosystems. The invasion process has been well documented throughout most of the invaded range, however dispersal pathways, connectivity, and trophic impacts have yet to be assessed in the southwestern Caribbean. To fill this information gap, stable isotope and genetic analyzes of the lionfish population were performed on the Caribbean coast of Costa Rica. We evaluated the sequences of two mitochondrial genes (16S rRNA and cytochrome b) to determine which species of the Pterois volitans / miles complex are present in the region. In addition, stomach content analysis and mixing models according to the isotope composition ratio (δ13C / δ15N) were used to infer the isotopic niche of lionfish individuals collected up to 150 meters deep. The results show that only P. volitans is present at this time on the Caribbean coast of Costa Rica. The maximum likelihood and Bayesian analyzes of the sequences show a differentiation of the Costa Rican population from the others in the invaded range, which gives an idea of a possible genetic structure in the southwestern Caribbean. The stable isotope results indicate an intrapopulation variation of the lionfish isotopic niche, according to sex and size. In addition, it was shown that lionfish occupy a high trophic level in the region, with a width and niche range that could overlap that of other species of ecological and commercial interest.
Descripción
Cambronero Solano, S. (2019). Posicionamiento taxonómico del complejo de especies del pez león (Pterois volitons/miles) y caracterización de su nicho isotópico en el Caribe Sur, Costa Rica. (Tesis de Licenciatura). Universidad Nacional, Heredia, Costa Rica.
Palabras clave
PEZ LEÓN, PTEROIS VOLITONS / MILES, OCÉANO ATLÁNTICO, LIMÓN (COSTA RICA), PECES, ESPECIES INTRODUCIDAS, FISH, INTRODUCED SPECIES