Plan de inversión para la comercialización del sobrante del grano de frijol en el Centro de Procesamiento y Mercadeo de Alimentos (CEPROMA) ubicado en Valle del Orosí, Santa Cecilia, La Cruz, Guanacaste
Fecha
2023-08
Autores
Collado Quedo, Stephanny
Montoya Segura, Tatiana Melissa
Salazar Rojas, Ana Karina
Siézar Arcia, Hillary
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Editor
Universidad Nacional, Sede Regional Chorotega, Campus Liberia
Resumen
Costa Rica es un país deficiente en cuanto a su capacidad productiva interna, debido a los costos
elevados de producción para el sector agropecuario, además de la agricultura, expuesta a
constantes cambios climáticos no tan favorables, que pueden generar afectaciones en la
producción de granos básicos de las zonas, como es el caso de las cosechas de frijol que
levantan cada año los productores de Santa Cecilia, La Cruz, Guanacaste y sus alrededores, y
son compradas por el Centro de Mercadeo y Procesamiento de Alimentos, CEPROMA, ubicado
en el asentamiento de Valle del Orosí. Por lo que, basado en la situación expuesta, el propósito
del plan de inversión fue comprobar la factibilidad que tiene la comercialización del excedente
del grano de frijol, como materia prima para la producción de concentrados alimenticios para
cerdos y bovinos. Metodología: Como información obtenida de fuentes primarias se aplicó
entrevistas a los sujetos de interés del estudio que fueron supermercados y agropecuarias, al
profesional Zootecnista agrónomo, a la administradora del Centro de Procesamiento y Mercadeo
de Alimentos (CEPROMA) y a un operario de construcción. Como fuente secundaria se recopiló
información de libros, tesis, seminarios de graduación y sitios web actualizados. Resultados:
Con la investigación realizada se logró identificar que, los supermercados no venden alimentos
para cerdo y bovino, este producto es únicamente comercializado por las agropecuarias y agro
veterinarias. El producto tiene aceptación en el mercado, ya que los negocios donde sí venden
estas materias primas están de acuerdo en su totalidad de comercializar la harina de frijol a nivel
local, sin embargo, los costos del proyecto son elevados, al ser un grano básico, se considera un
producto costoso y, por lo tanto, para que el comerciante le compre el producto al CEPROMA,
este debe comprobar que es una materia prima valiosa, que aporta grandes beneficios dentro de
una alimentación animal, ya que, de lo contrario, no estarían dispuestos a pagar mucho dinero
por un nuevo producto teniendo otros sustitutos. La inversión inicial en que incurre el proyecto,
comparado con otros es relativamente baja, y se enfoca principalmente en equipo y mobiliario,
ya que se considera que con la infraestructura donde está ubicado el Centro es suficiente, y solo
falta acondicionar un espacio adecuado para esta nueva línea de producción. El plan de inversión
muestra una proyección de los ingresos estacionales donde solo los meses de enero y febrero
tienen movimiento, debido a la incapacidad productiva del Centro para abarcar los 12 meses
completos, su situación demuestra que solo se limitan a la producción anual de 73 quintales de
harina de frijol. Por tal razón, los flujos de caja obtenidos mantienen una utilidad negativa desde
la operatividad, lo que indica que el proyecto no es capaz de cubrir su totalidad de gastos, y por
ende, se demuestra dificultad para recuperar la inversión. Conclusiones: A pesar de que el
proyecto presentó una respuesta positiva por parte de los sujetos de interés, no es suficiente
para asegurar que se tendrá los resultados esperados, por lo tanto, dado el estudio y análisis de
las demás condiciones en cuanto a costos, gastos, inversión inicial, Modelo CAPM, flujo de caja
del activo y del inversionista, se obtuvo números negativos, que demuestran las pérdidas que el
CEPROMA tendría si implementa el plan, por lo que no se recomienda llevar a cabo el proyecto
y bajo dichos fundamentos se rechaza la propuesta. En su lugar, se recomienda analizar y
evaluar más a detalle el mercado de este grano básico, para determinar qué otros productos se
pueden producir a un costo más bajo, ya sea nuevo o existente, que le pueda generar las
utilidades que necesitan.
Costa Rica is a deficient country in terms of its internal productive capacity, due to the high production costs for the agricultural sector, in addition to agriculture being exposed to constant climatic changes that are not so favorable, which can affect the production of basic grains in the areas as in the case of the bean crops raised each year by the producers of Santa Cecilia, La Cruz, Guanacaste and its surroundings, which are purchased by the Centro de Mercadeo y Procesamiento de Alimentos, CEPROMA, located in the settlement of Valle del Orosí. Therefore, based on the situation described above, the purpose of the investment plan was to test the feasibility of marketing leftover bean grain as raw material to produce feed concentrates for pigs and cattle. Methodology: As information obtained from primary sources, interviews were conducted with the stakeholders of the study, which were supermarkets and agricultural facilities, such as the professional agronomist Zootecnista, the administrator of the Centro de Procesamiento y Mercadeo de Alimentos (CEPROMA) and a construction worker; as a secondary source, information was collected from books, theses, graduation seminars and updated websites. Results: From the research conducted, it was found that supermarkets do not sell pork and beef feed; this product is only marketed by agricultural facilities and agro veterinary. The product is accepted in the market because the businesses that do sell these raw materials are in full agreement to market the bean flour locally, however, the costs of the project are high, since being a basic grain is considered an expensive product, so for the merchant to buy the product to CEPROMA, it must prove that it is a valuable raw material that brings great benefits within an animal feed, otherwise they would not be willing to pay a lot of money for a new product having other substitutes. The initial investment in the project compared to others is relatively low and is focused mainly on equipment and furniture, since it is considered that the infrastructure where the center is located is sufficient and it is only necessary to prepare an adequate space for this new production line. The investment plan shows a projection of seasonal income where only the months of January and February have movement due to the center's productive inability to cover the full 12 months. So, their situation shows that they are only limited to the annual production of 73 quintals of bean flour. For this reason, the cash flows obtained maintain a negative profit from the operation, which indicates that the project is not able to cover its total expenses, and therefore shows difficulty in recovering the investment. Conclusions: Although the project presented a positive response from the stakeholders, this is not enough to ensure that the expected results will be obtained. Therefore, given the study and analysis of the other conditions in terms of costs, expenses, initial investment, CAPM model, cash flow of the asset and the investor; negative numbers were obtained that show the losses that CEPROMA would have if it implements the plan, so it is not recommended to carry out the project and on these grounds the proposal is rejected. Instead, it is recommended that the market for this basic grain be analyzed and evaluated in more detail to determine what other products can be produced at a lower cost, whether new or existing, that can generate the profits needed.
Costa Rica is a deficient country in terms of its internal productive capacity, due to the high production costs for the agricultural sector, in addition to agriculture being exposed to constant climatic changes that are not so favorable, which can affect the production of basic grains in the areas as in the case of the bean crops raised each year by the producers of Santa Cecilia, La Cruz, Guanacaste and its surroundings, which are purchased by the Centro de Mercadeo y Procesamiento de Alimentos, CEPROMA, located in the settlement of Valle del Orosí. Therefore, based on the situation described above, the purpose of the investment plan was to test the feasibility of marketing leftover bean grain as raw material to produce feed concentrates for pigs and cattle. Methodology: As information obtained from primary sources, interviews were conducted with the stakeholders of the study, which were supermarkets and agricultural facilities, such as the professional agronomist Zootecnista, the administrator of the Centro de Procesamiento y Mercadeo de Alimentos (CEPROMA) and a construction worker; as a secondary source, information was collected from books, theses, graduation seminars and updated websites. Results: From the research conducted, it was found that supermarkets do not sell pork and beef feed; this product is only marketed by agricultural facilities and agro veterinary. The product is accepted in the market because the businesses that do sell these raw materials are in full agreement to market the bean flour locally, however, the costs of the project are high, since being a basic grain is considered an expensive product, so for the merchant to buy the product to CEPROMA, it must prove that it is a valuable raw material that brings great benefits within an animal feed, otherwise they would not be willing to pay a lot of money for a new product having other substitutes. The initial investment in the project compared to others is relatively low and is focused mainly on equipment and furniture, since it is considered that the infrastructure where the center is located is sufficient and it is only necessary to prepare an adequate space for this new production line. The investment plan shows a projection of seasonal income where only the months of January and February have movement due to the center's productive inability to cover the full 12 months. So, their situation shows that they are only limited to the annual production of 73 quintals of bean flour. For this reason, the cash flows obtained maintain a negative profit from the operation, which indicates that the project is not able to cover its total expenses, and therefore shows difficulty in recovering the investment. Conclusions: Although the project presented a positive response from the stakeholders, this is not enough to ensure that the expected results will be obtained. Therefore, given the study and analysis of the other conditions in terms of costs, expenses, initial investment, CAPM model, cash flow of the asset and the investor; negative numbers were obtained that show the losses that CEPROMA would have if it implements the plan, so it is not recommended to carry out the project and on these grounds the proposal is rejected. Instead, it is recommended that the market for this basic grain be analyzed and evaluated in more detail to determine what other products can be produced at a lower cost, whether new or existing, that can generate the profits needed.
Descripción
Palabras clave
ADMINISTRACION, GESTION FINANCIERA, COMERCIALIZACIÓN, OFERTA Y DEMANDA, BOVINOS, CERDO, FRIJOLES, PROCESAMIENTO DE ALIMENTO PARA ANIMALES, SANTA CECILIA (LA CRUZ), LA CRUZ (GUANACASTE), COSTA RICA, ADMINISTRATION, FINANCIAL MANAGEME, MARKETING, SUPPLY AND DEMAND, CATTLE, PIG, BEANS, ANIMAL FEED PROCESSING