“Perspectiva de género en planificación aplicada al Programa Escuelas para el Cambio, periodo 2015-2018”
Fecha
2020-02-08
Autores
Álvarez Chaves, Denisse
Marisol Esquivel Orozco, Marisol
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ISSN de la revista
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Editor
Universidad Nacional, Costa Rica
Resumen
El presente proyecto final de graduación, consiste en analizar la perspectiva
de género dentro de la planificación institucional aplicado al Programa Escuelas
para el Cambio del Ministerio de Educación Pública; dirigido por la Dirección
Regional San José Central, mediante un estudio de caso en dos centros educativos.
Por un lado, el tema sobre género ha ido tomando fuerza con el pasar de los
años debido al cambio en el papel que juegan, tanto la mujer como el hombre, en la
sociedad actual. Por ello, Costa Rica ha introducido nuevas políticas nacionales que
buscan la igualdad y equidad de género. Asimismo, diversas instituciones han
adoptado sus propias políticas con respecto a este tema.
Así pues, por este motivo y su importancia nace la necesidad de investigar la
planificación institucional con perspectiva de género, donde la planificación, como
herramienta de desarrollo y propulsor de cambios, es indispensable para considerar
las diferencias entre las condiciones, situaciones y necesidades de las personas
que forman parte del entorno bajo el cual se aplica un programa. Asimismo, se
deben tomar en cuenta tres elementos básicos: la asignación de género, la identidad
de género y el rol de género. Sin embargo, en la carrera de Planificación Económica
y Social solamente se abarca un curso con respecto al tema de género, de aquí, el
interés de ampliar los conocimientos sobre este tópico y generar investigación sobre
el área.
Por lo tanto, el objetivo de la investigación es elaborar una propuesta de
fortalecimiento del Programa, en el cual se aprovechen en forma óptima los recursos
existentes y, al mismo tiempo, motivar al personal para que forme parte activa del
proceso. De esta forma, el punto central está en la planificación, la cual debe
revalorar aquellas estructuras sociales marcadas por el patriarcado con el fin de
comprender las diversas asimetrías y propiciar espacios de emancipación.
Sin embargo, quedan aspectos pendientes en el mejoramiento y el
fortalecimiento del sistema educativo del país para lograr avanzar hacia una cultura
de género sensible, en cuanto a la igualdad y equidad, la cual es una de las mayores
III
preocupaciones y, de esta manera, propiciar cambios significativos en la formación
del estudiantado.
Por ende, la necesidad de tomar en cuenta las desigualdades existentes
entre hombres y mujeres ha propiciado la aparición de nuevas políticas dirigidas a
la equidad e igualdad de género que tratan de disminuir las distancias económicas,
culturales, sociales y políticas entre la sociedad, como lo establece la Política de
Equidad e Igualdad de Género del Ministerio de Educación Pública con respecto a
la importancia de trabajar con perspectiva de género dentro de la institución:
…el principio de igualdad de género expresa la aspiración de que tanto la
mujer como el hombre gocen de la misma condición y puedan ejercer
plenamente sus derechos humanos, no solo formalmente en la letra de la ley,
sino generando condiciones reales que permitan a las personas desarrollar
sus potencialidades, contribuir al progreso nacional y beneficiarse por igual
de sus resultados. (MEP, 2015. p.2)
Por otro lado, para recopilar la información, se trabajó con los diferentes
agentes involucrados en el Programa Escuelas para el Cambio: MEP, Dirección
Regional, personal docente y administrativo y los discentes. Asimismo, se utilizaron
diversas herramientas para la investigación como reuniones, entrevistas,
cuestionarios, talleres prácticos y asesoría con el fin de aprender sobre la
planificación dirigida a la perspectiva de género y cómo integrar este tema en una
institución.
The present final graduation project consists of analyzing the perspective of gender within institutional planning applied to the Schools Program for the Change of the Ministry of Public Education; directed by the Directorate Regional San José Central, through a case study in two educational centers. On the one hand, the issue of gender has been gaining strength with the passing of years due to the change in the role that both women and men play in the actual society. For this reason, Costa Rica has introduced new national policies that They seek gender equality and equity. Likewise, various institutions have adopted its own policies regarding this matter. Thus, for this reason and its importance, the need to investigate the institutional planning with a gender perspective, where planning, such as development tool and driver of change, it is essential to consider the differences between the conditions, situations and needs of people that are part of the environment under which a program is applied. Also, must take into account three basic elements: gender assignment, identity gender and gender role. However, in the career of Economic Planning and Social, only one course is covered with regard to gender, hence, the interest in expanding knowledge on this topic and generating research on the area. Therefore, the objective of the research is to develop a proposal for Strengthening of the Program, in which optimal use of the resources and, at the same time, motivate staff to be an active part of the process. In this way, the central point is in planning, which must revalue those social structures marked by patriarchy in order to understand the various asymmetries and promote spaces for emancipation. However, there are pending aspects in the improvement and strengthening of the country's educational system to advance towards a culture sensitive gender, in terms of equality and equity, which is one of the greatest concerns and, in this way, promote significant changes in training of the student body. Therefore, the need to take into account existing inequalities between men and women has led to the emergence of new policies aimed at gender equity and equality that seek to reduce economic distances, cultural, social and political within society, as established in the Equity and Gender Equality of the Ministry of Public Education regarding the importance of working with a gender perspective within the institution: … The principle of gender equality expresses the aspiration that both the women and men enjoy the same condition and can exercise fully their human rights, not only formally in the letter of the law, but generating real conditions that allow people to develop their potential, contribute to national progress and benefit equally of your results. (MEP, 2015. p.2) On the other hand, to collect the information, we worked with the different agents involved in the Schools for Change Program: MEP, Directorate Regional, teaching and administrative staff and students. Likewise, various tools for research such as meetings, interviews, quizzes, hands-on workshops, and counseling in order to learn about the planning geared towards a gender perspective and how to integrate this issue into a institution
The present final graduation project consists of analyzing the perspective of gender within institutional planning applied to the Schools Program for the Change of the Ministry of Public Education; directed by the Directorate Regional San José Central, through a case study in two educational centers. On the one hand, the issue of gender has been gaining strength with the passing of years due to the change in the role that both women and men play in the actual society. For this reason, Costa Rica has introduced new national policies that They seek gender equality and equity. Likewise, various institutions have adopted its own policies regarding this matter. Thus, for this reason and its importance, the need to investigate the institutional planning with a gender perspective, where planning, such as development tool and driver of change, it is essential to consider the differences between the conditions, situations and needs of people that are part of the environment under which a program is applied. Also, must take into account three basic elements: gender assignment, identity gender and gender role. However, in the career of Economic Planning and Social, only one course is covered with regard to gender, hence, the interest in expanding knowledge on this topic and generating research on the area. Therefore, the objective of the research is to develop a proposal for Strengthening of the Program, in which optimal use of the resources and, at the same time, motivate staff to be an active part of the process. In this way, the central point is in planning, which must revalue those social structures marked by patriarchy in order to understand the various asymmetries and promote spaces for emancipation. However, there are pending aspects in the improvement and strengthening of the country's educational system to advance towards a culture sensitive gender, in terms of equality and equity, which is one of the greatest concerns and, in this way, promote significant changes in training of the student body. Therefore, the need to take into account existing inequalities between men and women has led to the emergence of new policies aimed at gender equity and equality that seek to reduce economic distances, cultural, social and political within society, as established in the Equity and Gender Equality of the Ministry of Public Education regarding the importance of working with a gender perspective within the institution: … The principle of gender equality expresses the aspiration that both the women and men enjoy the same condition and can exercise fully their human rights, not only formally in the letter of the law, but generating real conditions that allow people to develop their potential, contribute to national progress and benefit equally of your results. (MEP, 2015. p.2) On the other hand, to collect the information, we worked with the different agents involved in the Schools for Change Program: MEP, Directorate Regional, teaching and administrative staff and students. Likewise, various tools for research such as meetings, interviews, quizzes, hands-on workshops, and counseling in order to learn about the planning geared towards a gender perspective and how to integrate this issue into a institution
Descripción
Palabras clave
PLANIFICACIÓN, PLANNING, GENDER (SEX), IGUALDAD DE GÉNERO, GÉNERO (SEXO), GENDER EQUALITY, EDUCACIÓN, EDUCATION