Determinación de eficiencia técnica mediante modelos estocásticos de frontera en lecherías de Costa Rica adscritas a la Cooperativa de Productores de Leche Dos Pinos S.R.L
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Fecha
2014-11
Autores
Solís Guzmán, Oscar Eduardo
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Editor
Universidad Nacional, Costa Rica
Resumen
Eficiencia Técnica mediante modelos de frontera de producción. El objetivo
consistió en determinar índices de eficiencia técnica, mediante modelos
estocásticos de fronteras en hatos lecheros de Costa Rica, con datos
provenientes del censo del año 2007 (n=1086) de la Cooperativa de Productores
de Leche Dos Pinos R.L. Se analizaron 18 variables comprendiendo aspectos de
manejo, físicos, sistemas de información geográfica, climatológica y edafológica.
Inicialmente se clasificaron los hatos mediante el análisis multivariado: Análisis de
Factores (AF) y Análisis de Conglomerados (AC). El AF identificó tres factores
principales: nivel de intensificación, piso altitudinal y orientación productiva con
42.6%, 24.2% y 13.3% de la varianza respectivamente. El AC identificó cinco
tipologías de hatos: Lechería Especializada Intensiva Altura (n=374), Lechería
Especializada Semi-intensiva Altura (n=274), Lechería Especializada Intensiva
Bajura (n=167), Lechería Especializada Extensiva Bajura (n=189) y Lechería
Doble Propósito Bajura (n=82). Finalmente, se cuantificó la Eficiencia Técnica
(ET), utilizando Análisis de Fronteras Estocásticas (AFE). El modelo base (AFE BAS) consideró la variable endógena logaritmo Producción Sólidos Lácteos (SOL)
con 14 variables predictoras relacionadas con aspectos físicos y de manejo. Se
analizaron otros 2 modelos: con efecto aditivo por tipología de hato (AFE-TIP1) y
con independencia por tipología (AFE-TIP2). Promedio general de SOL fue 32,5 ±
23,5 Kg, más alto para Lecherías Especializadas Intensivas de Altura (83,9 kg),
más bajo para Lecherías Doble Propósito Bajura (8,5 kg). Para AFE-BAS las
variables con (P<0,001) relacionadas con SOL fueron: carga animal, fertilizante,
concentrado, ganado especializado, altitud y área de pastoreo. ET promedio para
AFE-BAS fue 0,75 (DE=0,09), AFE-TIP1 fue 0,79 (SD=0,07) y AFE-TIP2 fue
0,77 (SD=0,11).
Technical Efficiency through production frontier models. The objective was to determine technical efficiency indexes, using stochastic frontier models in Costa Rican stochastic frontier models in Costa Rican dairy herds, with data from the 2007 census (n=1086) of the Cooperativa from the 2007 census (n=1086) of the Cooperativa de Productores de Leche Dos Pinos R.L. (Cooperative of Milk Producers Dos Pinos R.L.). Cooperativa de Productores de Leche Dos Pinos R.L. Eighteen variables were analyzed, including aspects of management, physical management, physical, geographic information systems, climatological and edaphological aspects. Initially, the herds were classified by means of multivariate analysis: Factor Analysis (FA) and Analysis of Factors (AFA). Analysis (FA) and Cluster Analysis (CA). The FA identified three main factors level of intensification, altitudinal level and productive orientation with 42.6%, 24.2% and 24.2% of the herds. 42.6%, 24.2% and 13.3% of the variance, respectively. The CA identified five herd typologies: Specialized Intensive High Altitude Dairy (n=374), Specialized Semi-intensive High Altitude Dairy (n=374), Specialized Semi-intensive High Altitude Semi-intensive Specialized Dairy High altitude (n=274), Intensive Specialized Dairy Low altitude (n=167), Semi-intensive Specialized Dairy (n=167), Specialized Extensive Lowland Dairy (n=189) and Double Purpose Lowland Dairy (n=189). Dual Purpose Bajura (n=82). Finally, Technical Efficiency (TE) was quantified using Frontier Analysis. (TE) was quantified using Stochastic Frontier Analysis (SFA). The base model (AFEBAS) considered the endogenous variable logarithm Solid Milk Output (SOL) with 14 predictor variables related to physical and management aspects. Two other models were analyzed at two other models were analyzed: one with additive effect by herd type (AFE-TIP1) and the other with additive effect by herd type (AFE-TIP2). with independence by herd type (AFE-TIP2). The overall mean SOL was 32.5 ± 23.5 kg, higher for the herd type (AFE-TIP2). 23.5 kg, higher for High Intensive Specialized Dairies (83.9 kg), lowest for Lowland Dual Purpose Dairies (8.5 kg). For AFE-BAS the variables with (P<0.001) related to SOL were: stocking rate, fertilizer, concentrate, specialized cattle, altitude and grazing area. Average ET for AFE-BAS was 0.75 AFE-BAS was 0.75 (SD=0.09), AFE-TIP1 was 0.79 (SD=0.07) and AFE-TIP2 was 0.77 (sd=0.77). 0.77 (SD=0.11).
Technical Efficiency through production frontier models. The objective was to determine technical efficiency indexes, using stochastic frontier models in Costa Rican stochastic frontier models in Costa Rican dairy herds, with data from the 2007 census (n=1086) of the Cooperativa from the 2007 census (n=1086) of the Cooperativa de Productores de Leche Dos Pinos R.L. (Cooperative of Milk Producers Dos Pinos R.L.). Cooperativa de Productores de Leche Dos Pinos R.L. Eighteen variables were analyzed, including aspects of management, physical management, physical, geographic information systems, climatological and edaphological aspects. Initially, the herds were classified by means of multivariate analysis: Factor Analysis (FA) and Analysis of Factors (AFA). Analysis (FA) and Cluster Analysis (CA). The FA identified three main factors level of intensification, altitudinal level and productive orientation with 42.6%, 24.2% and 24.2% of the herds. 42.6%, 24.2% and 13.3% of the variance, respectively. The CA identified five herd typologies: Specialized Intensive High Altitude Dairy (n=374), Specialized Semi-intensive High Altitude Dairy (n=374), Specialized Semi-intensive High Altitude Semi-intensive Specialized Dairy High altitude (n=274), Intensive Specialized Dairy Low altitude (n=167), Semi-intensive Specialized Dairy (n=167), Specialized Extensive Lowland Dairy (n=189) and Double Purpose Lowland Dairy (n=189). Dual Purpose Bajura (n=82). Finally, Technical Efficiency (TE) was quantified using Frontier Analysis. (TE) was quantified using Stochastic Frontier Analysis (SFA). The base model (AFEBAS) considered the endogenous variable logarithm Solid Milk Output (SOL) with 14 predictor variables related to physical and management aspects. Two other models were analyzed at two other models were analyzed: one with additive effect by herd type (AFE-TIP1) and the other with additive effect by herd type (AFE-TIP2). with independence by herd type (AFE-TIP2). The overall mean SOL was 32.5 ± 23.5 kg, higher for the herd type (AFE-TIP2). 23.5 kg, higher for High Intensive Specialized Dairies (83.9 kg), lowest for Lowland Dual Purpose Dairies (8.5 kg). For AFE-BAS the variables with (P<0.001) related to SOL were: stocking rate, fertilizer, concentrate, specialized cattle, altitude and grazing area. Average ET for AFE-BAS was 0.75 AFE-BAS was 0.75 (SD=0.09), AFE-TIP1 was 0.79 (SD=0.07) and AFE-TIP2 was 0.77 (sd=0.77). 0.77 (SD=0.11).
Descripción
Maestría en Producción Animal Sostenible
Palabras clave
COSTA RICA, GANADO DE LECHE, INDUSTRIA LECHERA, RENTABILIDAD, INSUMOS AGRICOLAS, COSTOS DE PRODUCCION, ANALISIS DE COSTOS, BOVINE CATTLE, MILK PRODUCTION, PROFITABILITY, AGRICULTURAL INPUTS, PRODUCTION COSTS, COST ANALYSIS