Electroacupuntura como coadyuvante en la analgesia quirúrgica en perros (Estudio Preliminar)
Fecha
2007-05-17
Autores
Herrera Camacho, Viviana María
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Editor
Universidad Nacional, Costa Rica
Resumen
Se evaluó el efecto analgésico de la electroacupuntura (EA), de dos grupos de
acupuntos con propiedades analgésicas a nivel abdominal en perras/os, a los cuales se les
practicó ovariohisterectomías y orquiectomías respectivamente, bajo anestesia con
halotano. Fueron utilizados 30 animales (15 hembras y 15 machos), distribuidos
equitativamente en 3 grupos: Grupo 1 (n = 10; 5 hembras y 5 machos) recibieron terapia
electroacupuntural en los acupuntos ST36 y GB34 en conjunto con halotano; Grupo 2 (n =
10; 5 hembras y 5 machos), recibieron EA en los puntos de acupuntura ST36 y LI04 bajo
anestesia y el Grupo 3 o control (n = 10; 5 hembras y 5 machos), cuyo animales no
recibieron la terapia con EA, y los procedimientos quirúrgicos fueron llevados a cabo
solamente con el anestésico inhalatorio halotano. Los parámetros utilizados para medir el
dolor fueron la frecuencia cardiaca (Fc) y la frecuencia respiratoria (Fr) monitoreados cada
5 minutos, y de ellos dependió la concentración del anestésico suministrado.
Con respecto a los resultados obtenidos en las hembras, se encontró una diferencia
significativa a nivel de la concentración de halotano (p = 0.003), no así en los parámetros
de la Fc y la Fr, sin embargo, la comparación de los promedios de estos dos parámetros en
la hembras del Grupo 1 y 2 con relación a las hembras del grupo control, se encontró una
disminución de los mismos, que se reflejó a la disminución del anestésico. Entre las
hembras de ambos grupos acupunturales no se encontró una diferencia en los resultados.
Los resultados obtenidos en los machos no evidenciaron una diferencia significativa
entre los parámetros monitoreados y la concentración del halotano, relacionado al corto
tiempo en que se llevaron a cabo las orquiectomías en comparación con las
ovariohisterectomías realizadas. Por lo tanto, no fue posible hacer una comparación de los resultados entre ambos sexos debido a que hubo una diferencia en el procedimiento
quirúrgico y el tiempo quirúrgico invertido.
Se concluye que la EA utilizada como un complemento en la anestesia convencional,
aporta una serie de ventajas en cuanto a la disminución de los parámetros y la dosis de
anestésico, que pueden ser aprovechados en animales que se encuentran bajo algún
compromiso fisiológico al ser intervenidos quirúrgicamente.
The analgesic effect of electroacupuncture (EA) was evaluated at two acupoint groups with alleged analgesic properties in the abdominal region of male and female dogs that had undergone ovariohysterectomies and orquiectomies, respectively, under anesthesia with halothane. 30 animals were used (15 female and 15 male), equally distributed into 3 groups: Group 1 (n = 10; 5 female and 5 male) received electro-acupuncture therapy at acupoints ST36 and GB34 in conjunction with halothane. Group 2 (n = 10; 5 female and 5 male), received EA at the acupuncture points ST36 and LI04 under anesthesia and Group 3 or control (n = 10; 5 male and 5 female), in which the animals did not receive the therapy with EA and the surgical procedures were completed only with the inhalant anesthetic, halothane. The parameters used to measure pain were heart rate (Fc) and breathing rate (Fr), monitored every 5 minutes, and were used to determine the concentration of anesthetic to be administered. With respect to the results obtained in the females, a significant difference was found in the concentration of halothane (p = 0.003), though no similar difference was found in the parameters of Fc and Fr. However, a comparison of the averages of these two parameters of the females in Groups 1 and 2, in relation to the females in the control group, shows a decrease in these averages, which is reflected in a decrease of the anesthetic. No difference in the results was found between the females of both acupuncture groups. The results obtained in the males did not demonstrate a significant difference between the monitored parameters and the concentration of halothane, likely due to the short time in which the orquiectomies were completed in comparison to the ovariohysterectomies. Therefore, it was not possible to compare the results between both sexes due to the fact that there was a difference in the surgical procedures and the time the surgeries took to complete. It can be concluded that EA, when used as a complement to conventional anesthesia, offers the advantage of reducing both the indicators of pain experienced by the patient and the quantity of anesthetic required, and can therefore be taken advantage of in animals that find themselves in some physical situation where they require surgery.
The analgesic effect of electroacupuncture (EA) was evaluated at two acupoint groups with alleged analgesic properties in the abdominal region of male and female dogs that had undergone ovariohysterectomies and orquiectomies, respectively, under anesthesia with halothane. 30 animals were used (15 female and 15 male), equally distributed into 3 groups: Group 1 (n = 10; 5 female and 5 male) received electro-acupuncture therapy at acupoints ST36 and GB34 in conjunction with halothane. Group 2 (n = 10; 5 female and 5 male), received EA at the acupuncture points ST36 and LI04 under anesthesia and Group 3 or control (n = 10; 5 male and 5 female), in which the animals did not receive the therapy with EA and the surgical procedures were completed only with the inhalant anesthetic, halothane. The parameters used to measure pain were heart rate (Fc) and breathing rate (Fr), monitored every 5 minutes, and were used to determine the concentration of anesthetic to be administered. With respect to the results obtained in the females, a significant difference was found in the concentration of halothane (p = 0.003), though no similar difference was found in the parameters of Fc and Fr. However, a comparison of the averages of these two parameters of the females in Groups 1 and 2, in relation to the females in the control group, shows a decrease in these averages, which is reflected in a decrease of the anesthetic. No difference in the results was found between the females of both acupuncture groups. The results obtained in the males did not demonstrate a significant difference between the monitored parameters and the concentration of halothane, likely due to the short time in which the orquiectomies were completed in comparison to the ovariohysterectomies. Therefore, it was not possible to compare the results between both sexes due to the fact that there was a difference in the surgical procedures and the time the surgeries took to complete. It can be concluded that EA, when used as a complement to conventional anesthesia, offers the advantage of reducing both the indicators of pain experienced by the patient and the quantity of anesthetic required, and can therefore be taken advantage of in animals that find themselves in some physical situation where they require surgery.
Descripción
Modalidad: Tesis
Palabras clave
ACUPUNTURA, MEDICINA VETERINARIA, ANALGESICOS, CIRUGIA VETERINARIA, PERRO, ANESTESIA EN VETERINARIA