Análisis transdiciplinario del sector rural partiendo de un enfoque territorial: Una propuesta de desarrollo rural en El Salvador
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Fecha
2013-09
Autores
Salinas Ventura, Julián Ernesto
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Universidad Nacional, Costa Rica
Resumen
Esta investigación encarna una discusión sobre el desarrollo rural en El Salvador,
contextualizándola desde los enfoques más apropiados para entender las múltiples
problemáticas de la población rural y su entorno medioambiental. Además se orienta una
discusión sobre el paradigma que debe fundamentar las políticas rurales, en donde la vida
se convierte en la prioridad del proceso de desarrollo.
La mirada transdisciplinaria, dilucida aspectos determinantes para comprender la
evolución de los territorios relegados por la dinámica acumulativa y permite construir
algunos parámetros para trascender de las condiciones iniciales que subsume los
territorios en una espiral destructora.
El aporte fundamental de esta investigación puede resumirse en tres aspectos:
1. La discusión teórica sobre los enfoques compatibles con los problemas que
enfrentan los territorios rurales. Dicha discusión teórica, está retroalimentada con los
aportes generados por las personas que viven cotidianamente las dificultades del ámbito
rural; por los enfoques que explican el desarrollo desde la persona humana y su entorno
medioambiental partiendo de una dimensión holística; y finalmente por las deducciones
obtenidas en la interacción entre teoría y práctica, mediante el estudio de campo.
2. El segundo aspecto es haber identificado y deducido algunos componentes que
constituyen las condiciones iniciales que limitan el desarrollo evolutivo de los territorios,
con lo cual fue posible también, identificar la manera de superarlos.
3. El tercer aspecto consiste en la construcción de una propuesta de desarrollo rural
en El Salvador, bajo el esquema de la racionalidad formal y de la racionalidad
instrumental, que sitúa en el centro la vida como prioridad. Esto además de darle contexto
acorde a las especificidades salvadoreñas, integra propuestas centradas en los olvidados
por el mercado.
This research includes a discussion about rural development in El Salvador, contextualized from the most appropriate approach to understand the problems that rural people and their environment faces. Besides, this discussion focuses on the framework to design rural policies where life becomes the priority of the development process. The transdisciplinary view, shows leading aspects to understand points of view from the evolution of relegated territories by accumulative dynamics and it allows to find out the parameters to get over the initial conditions that subsumes the territories into a destructive spiral. 1. The theoretical discussion about better approaches to explain the problems facing rural areas. This theoretical discussion is fed with contributions generated by people who live the troubles in rural areas in a daily basis, it is also fed with approaches that explain the development of an individual and its environment based on a holistic dimension, finally, it is increased by the deductions obtained in the interaction between theory and practice, through field study. 2. The second contribution is to have identified and deduced some components that build the initial conditions that bounds evolutionary development of the territories, which was also possible to identify ways to overcome them. 3. The third aspect consists in the design of development´s proposal in El Salvador, under the scheme of formal rationality and instrumental rationality that sits life as priority at the center. This, besides providing the proper context according Salvadorian specificities, it integrates proposals centered in those forgotten by the market.
This research includes a discussion about rural development in El Salvador, contextualized from the most appropriate approach to understand the problems that rural people and their environment faces. Besides, this discussion focuses on the framework to design rural policies where life becomes the priority of the development process. The transdisciplinary view, shows leading aspects to understand points of view from the evolution of relegated territories by accumulative dynamics and it allows to find out the parameters to get over the initial conditions that subsumes the territories into a destructive spiral. 1. The theoretical discussion about better approaches to explain the problems facing rural areas. This theoretical discussion is fed with contributions generated by people who live the troubles in rural areas in a daily basis, it is also fed with approaches that explain the development of an individual and its environment based on a holistic dimension, finally, it is increased by the deductions obtained in the interaction between theory and practice, through field study. 2. The second contribution is to have identified and deduced some components that build the initial conditions that bounds evolutionary development of the territories, which was also possible to identify ways to overcome them. 3. The third aspect consists in the design of development´s proposal in El Salvador, under the scheme of formal rationality and instrumental rationality that sits life as priority at the center. This, besides providing the proper context according Salvadorian specificities, it integrates proposals centered in those forgotten by the market.
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Palabras clave
EL SALVADOR, ANÁLISIS, SECTOR RURAL, MEDIOAMBIENTE, POBLACIÓN RURAL, ANALYSIS, RURAL POPULATION, ENVIRONMENT