Práctica dirigida en cirugía ortopédica y de tejidos blandos en caninos y felinos, en el Hospital de Especies Menores y Silvestres de la Escuela de Medicina Veterinaria de la Universidad Nacional
Fecha
2025-08-05
Autores
Torres Moreno, Josué
Título de la revista
ISSN de la revista
Título del volumen
Editor
Universidad Nacional, Costa Rica
Resumen
Los profesionales de la medicina veterinaria se enfrentan a nuevos retos con respecto a su carrera profesional en el área clínica en cuanto a diagnóstico, uso de pruebas diagnósticas complementarias, conocimiento neuroleptoanalgésico y procedimientos quirúrgicos para así brindar el mejor tratamiento a pacientes en emergencias u otras patologías existentes. Como objetivo de esta Práctica Dirigida se buscó mejorar habilidades y destrezas que puedan ser utilizadas en procedimientos pre, trans y post quirúrgicos en el área de ortopedia y tejidos blandos en caninos y felinos. Durante la Práctica en el Hospital de Especies Menores y Silvestres (HEMS) de la Escuela de Medicina Veterinaria de la Universidad Nacional, se atendieron un total de 128 casos de animales de compañía con implicación quirúrgica, de los cuales 110 (86%) fueron de especie canina y 18 (14%) de especie felina, con mayor frecuencia de sexo macho para caninos y sin ninguna diferencia entre sexos para felinos. La distribución de pacientes que recibieron un procedimiento quirúrgico ortopédico o de tejidos blandos en las instalaciones del HEMS fue de 43 (36%) y 85 (66%) respectivamente, siendo las cirugías de amputación de cabeza y cuello femoral y corrección de Ruptura de Ligamento Cruzado Craneal mediante la técnica Evolig las más frecuentes, para procedimientos ortopédicos, y las cirugías de extracción de masas en el área de dermatología y ovario-histerectomía para procedimientos de tejidos blandos. En cuanto a sobrevivencia, del total de 128 pacientes sujetos a un procedimiento quirúrgico, fallecieron seis pacientes en el periodo postquirúrgico, de los cuales cuatro (50%) fueron a causa de paro cardiorrespiratorio y a los restantes se les realizó una eutanasia por complicaciones incompatibles con la vida. La práctica permitió adquirir destreza y habilidad teórica-practica para el manejo pre, trans y post de procedimientos quirúrgicos en el área de ortopedia y tejidos blandos, desde la anamnesis, uso de pruebas complementarias, conocimiento neuroleptoanalgésico y las técnicas quirúrgicas a ejecutar en emergencias y cirugías previamente planificadas que requieran los pacientes.
Veterinariansface new challenges regarding their professional career in the clinical area in terms of diagnosis, use of complementary diagnostic tests, neuroleptoanalgesic knowledge and surgical procedures to provide the best treatment for patients in emergencies or other existing pathologies. The objective of this Externship was to improve skills and abilities that can be used in pre, trans and post-surgical orthopedics and soft tissues procedures in canines and felines. During the practice at the Hospital de Especies Menores y Silvestres (HEMS) of the Escuela de Medina Veterinaria of the Universidad Nacional, a total of 128 cases of companion animals with surgical involvement were obtained, of which 110 (86%) were canine species and 18 (14%) were feline species, with a major frequency of male sex for canines and no sex difference for felines. The distribution of patients who underwent orthopedic or soft tissue surgery at HEMS facilities was 43 (36%) and 85 (66%) respectively, with femoral head and neck amputation and treatment for Rupture Craneal Crucial Ligament via Evolig technique being the most frequent surgeries for orthopedic procedures, and mass removal surgeries in the dermatology area and ovariohysterectomy for soft tissue procedures. In terms of survival, a total of 128 patients who underwent a surgical procedure, six patients died in the postoperative period, of which four (50%) died due to cardiorespiratory arrest and the other two (50%) underwent euthanasia due to complications incompatible with life. This externship led to greater theoretical-practical skill and ability for the pre, trans and post-surgical management of different procedures in the area of orthopedics and soft tissues from the anamnesis, use of complementary tests, neuroleptoanalgesic knowledge and the techniques to be performed in both, emergencies and previously planned surgeries required by patients.
Veterinariansface new challenges regarding their professional career in the clinical area in terms of diagnosis, use of complementary diagnostic tests, neuroleptoanalgesic knowledge and surgical procedures to provide the best treatment for patients in emergencies or other existing pathologies. The objective of this Externship was to improve skills and abilities that can be used in pre, trans and post-surgical orthopedics and soft tissues procedures in canines and felines. During the practice at the Hospital de Especies Menores y Silvestres (HEMS) of the Escuela de Medina Veterinaria of the Universidad Nacional, a total of 128 cases of companion animals with surgical involvement were obtained, of which 110 (86%) were canine species and 18 (14%) were feline species, with a major frequency of male sex for canines and no sex difference for felines. The distribution of patients who underwent orthopedic or soft tissue surgery at HEMS facilities was 43 (36%) and 85 (66%) respectively, with femoral head and neck amputation and treatment for Rupture Craneal Crucial Ligament via Evolig technique being the most frequent surgeries for orthopedic procedures, and mass removal surgeries in the dermatology area and ovariohysterectomy for soft tissue procedures. In terms of survival, a total of 128 patients who underwent a surgical procedure, six patients died in the postoperative period, of which four (50%) died due to cardiorespiratory arrest and the other two (50%) underwent euthanasia due to complications incompatible with life. This externship led to greater theoretical-practical skill and ability for the pre, trans and post-surgical management of different procedures in the area of orthopedics and soft tissues from the anamnesis, use of complementary tests, neuroleptoanalgesic knowledge and the techniques to be performed in both, emergencies and previously planned surgeries required by patients.
Descripción
Palabras clave
HOSPITAL DE ESPECIES MENORES Y SILVESTRES DE LA UNIVERSIDAD NACIONAL (COSTA RICA), GATO, PERRO, MEDICINA INTERNA, DIAGNÓSTICO MEDIANTE ULTRASONIDOS, CIRUGÍA VETERINARIA, PRUEBAS DE LABORATORIO, CLÍNICAS PARA ANIMALES, INTERNAL MEDICINE, DOG, CAT, VETERINARY SURGERY