Análisis de las creencias sobre las situaciones de riesgo en la comunidad de La Cascabela en el cantón de Alajuelita, un enfoque desde la psicología comunitaria y la gestión local de los riesgos
Fecha
2017
Autores
Arce Trejos, Katherine
Pizarro Duarte, Mariela
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ISSN de la revista
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Editor
Universidad Nacional, Costa Rica
Resumen
Esta investigación analiza las creencias de miembros de la comunidad La Cascabela respecto a sus situaciones de riesgos. El propósito estuvo orientado al reconocimiento de las necesidades de la comunidad por medio de un proceso de problematización y desnaturalización de las creencias asociadas al riesgo, con el fin de propiciar el fortalecimiento comunitario e incentivar la potenciación de factores protectores como formas de afrontar los riesgos. Para el fortalecimiento de la organización comunal se partió de los aportes de la Psicología Social Comunitaria, pues pretende la trasformación social desde la autogestión. De igual forma, se abordaron conceptos de la Gestión Local de Riesgo en tanto plantea que las comunidades deben ser intervenidas contemplando los aspectos que puedan influir en sus prácticas sociales. En cuanto a la metodología, se adoptó el enfoque cualitativo ya que se buscó explorar la realidad social describiéndola a partir de la interacción con las personas. El método para el abordaje de la investigación fue la Investigación Acción Participativa, basada en la acción colectiva para movilizar y generar reflexión en comunidades habituadas al poco progreso. Dentro de las categorías analizadas se encuentran las creencias sobre los riesgos, problematización de factores de riesgo y estrategias de acción comunitaria. En estas categorías se evidenciaron los siguientes hallazgos: Esta comunidad tiene acontecimientos históricos y características físicas que fueron determinantes en la conformación de creencias que alejan a los actores locales de fortalecerse como colectividad. Se destaca una división geográfica, social y simbólica que funciona como barrera para el sentido de comunidad y trunca la participación activa. Se amalgaman como antecedentes los pocos grupos organizados sostenibles, la escaza rendición de cuentas de comités sobre recursos generados en el pasado, una información proporcionada por entes gubernamentales de forma no idónea respecto al riesgo por deslizamiento así como su deficiente intervención con esta población, son aspectos que mantienen a esta comunidad alejada de una organización sostenible. No obstante, el uso de metodologías participativas permitió la movilización de conciencia facilitando nuevas formas de pensar que invitaron a miembros de esta comunidad a mejorar su calidad de vida tanto individual como colectiva. Es por esto que la intervención externa es valiosa para potenciar el desarrollo comunal siempre y cuando los cambios se gesten desde y para la comunidad.
This research analyzes the beliefs of members of the La Cascabela community regarding their risk situations. The purpose was to recognize the community's needs through a process of problematizing and denaturalizing beliefs associated with risk, in order to promote community strengthening and encourage the enhancement of protective factors as ways to address risks. To strengthen community organization, the contributions of Community Social Psychology were drawn upon, as it seeks social transformation through self-management. Similarly, concepts from Local Risk Management were addressed, as it proposes that communities should be intervened, considering aspects that may influence their social practices. Regarding the methodology, a qualitative approach was adopted, seeking to explore social reality by describing it through interactions with people. The research method was Participatory Action Research, based on collective action to mobilize and generate reflection in communities accustomed to limited progress. Among the categories analyzed are beliefs about risks, problematization of risk factors, and community action strategies. The following findings were evident in these categories: This community has historical events and physical characteristics that were decisive in shaping beliefs that prevent local actors from strengthening themselves as a community. A geographic, social, and symbolic divide stands out, acting as a barrier to a sense of community and truncating active participation. The few sustainable organized groups, the limited accountability of committees regarding resources generated in the past, inadequate information provided by government agencies regarding landslide risk, and their poor intervention with this population are all factors that keep this community from achieving a sustainable organization. However, the use of participatory methodologies allowed for the mobilization of awareness, facilitating new ways of thinking that encouraged members of this community to improve their quality of life, both individually and collectively. This is why external intervention is valuable in promoting community development, as long as the changes are generated from and for the community.
This research analyzes the beliefs of members of the La Cascabela community regarding their risk situations. The purpose was to recognize the community's needs through a process of problematizing and denaturalizing beliefs associated with risk, in order to promote community strengthening and encourage the enhancement of protective factors as ways to address risks. To strengthen community organization, the contributions of Community Social Psychology were drawn upon, as it seeks social transformation through self-management. Similarly, concepts from Local Risk Management were addressed, as it proposes that communities should be intervened, considering aspects that may influence their social practices. Regarding the methodology, a qualitative approach was adopted, seeking to explore social reality by describing it through interactions with people. The research method was Participatory Action Research, based on collective action to mobilize and generate reflection in communities accustomed to limited progress. Among the categories analyzed are beliefs about risks, problematization of risk factors, and community action strategies. The following findings were evident in these categories: This community has historical events and physical characteristics that were decisive in shaping beliefs that prevent local actors from strengthening themselves as a community. A geographic, social, and symbolic divide stands out, acting as a barrier to a sense of community and truncating active participation. The few sustainable organized groups, the limited accountability of committees regarding resources generated in the past, inadequate information provided by government agencies regarding landslide risk, and their poor intervention with this population are all factors that keep this community from achieving a sustainable organization. However, the use of participatory methodologies allowed for the mobilization of awareness, facilitating new ways of thinking that encouraged members of this community to improve their quality of life, both individually and collectively. This is why external intervention is valuable in promoting community development, as long as the changes are generated from and for the community.
Descripción
Licenciatura en Psicología
Palabras clave
PSICOLOGÍA COMUNITARIA, PSICOLOGÍA SOCIAL, SITUACIONES DE PELIGRO, COMUNIDADES RURALES, ORGANIZACIÓN DE LA COMUNIDAD, COMMUNITY PSYCHOLOGY, SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY, DANGEROUS SITUATIONS, RURAL COMMUNITIES, COMMUNITY ORGANIZATION