El papel de las representaciones sociales sobre el trabajo en las personas adultas mayores jubiladas que continúan trabajando en los años del 2011 al 2013
Fecha
2019
Autores
Solano Chaves, Yirliana Margoth
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ISSN de la revista
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Editor
Universidad Nacional, Costa Rica
Resumen
La presente investigación identifica y analiza la manera en la cual las
representaciones sociales sobre el trabajo que poseen las personas adultas
mayores jubiladas del régimen contributivo influyen en estas para escoger el trabajo
que realizan luego de su jubilación.
La importancia de este estudio radica en que busca comprender cómo las
representaciones sobre el trabajo generan en la población adulta mayor (PAM) la
decisión de encargarse de trabajos específicos según sus condiciones sociales.
Para llevar a cabo la investigación se trabajó con una muestra compuesta por
15 personas adultas mayores, elegidas por medio de una muestra no probabilística,
aplicando el método denominado muestra en cadena o por redes (bola de nieve).
Estas personas poseen las siguientes características: ser personas adultas
mayores, jubiladas del régimen contributivo, dedicadas a laborar productiva o
reproductivamente y que residan en la comunidad Bernardo Benavides, situada en
la provincia de Heredia, en las cercanías del nuevo Hospital San Vicente de Paul y
el Cementerio Central de la provincia de Heredia. A continuación, se detalla la
estructura y organización de la presente investigación.
En el capítulo I se presenta la construcción del objeto de estudio; así mismo,
se expone la justificación, que incluye la importancia sociológica de la investigación,
así como su trascendencia y el carácter innovador de la temática en la investigación
sociológica en Costa Rica.
El capítulo II presenta el marco de referencia, el cual detalla el contexto social
en el que se plasma el cambio social, económico, político y religioso desarrollado
en torno a la vida de la PAM, así como los conceptos que se utilizan para hacer
referencia a esta población. Además, se muestra el cambio que se ha desarrollado
con respecto a la percepción de las personas sobre las PAM en la sociedad,
mediante el proceso de su jubilación y, por otra parte, sobre el aspecto económico
que implican las pensiones.
El capítulo III presenta el estado de la cuestión en relación con el tema de la
investigación. Se lleva a cabo un recuento general de las diferentes investigaciones
relacionadas con este, las cuales se presentan desde sus especialidades y desde
los diferentes temas planteados. Se concluye el capítulo con un análisis comparativo
de las diferentes líneas de investigación y los diferentes puntos de vista
desarrollados, el cual permite identificar la existencia de vacíos temáticos que
validan la importancia del presente estudio. Se abordan trabajos desarrollados en
el campo de la sociología, para luego complementar con las investigaciones de otras
disciplinas como la psicología, la antropología, la medicina, la gerontología, la
orientación y la educación, entre otras.
En el capítulo IV, se expone el marco teórico utilizado para la descripción y
análisis del problema de investigación y se detalla la perspectiva desde la cual se
plantea el estudio y el capítulo V comprende la estrategia metodológica y las
técnicas utilizadas.
El capítulo VI presenta y detalla el análisis de la información recolectada, la
cual se compone de una caracterización de la PAM, partiendo de los aspectos
sociodemográficos extraídos durante el proceso de ejecución. Por su parte, en el
capítulo VII se detallan los resultados del primer objetivo; los datos arrojados
explican el papel de las representaciones sociales (RS) en la PAM jubilada del
régimen contributivo que labora luego de su jubilación.
El capítulo VIII explica cómo las RS median en la PAM jubilada del régimen
contributivo para posicionarse a laborar productiva o reproductivamente y el capítulo
IX detalla cómo la condición de personas jubiladas del régimen contributivo incide
en la PAM para optar por dedicarse a un trabajo productivo o reproductivo.
Finalmente, el capítulo X presenta las conclusiones generales a las que se
llega a partir de los datos obtenidos y su correspondiente análisis, así como una
serie de recomendaciones dirigidas a las personas en general, a las diferentes
instituciones públicas y privadas, entre otras.
This research identifies and analyzes the way in which the social representations of work held by adults Older retirees of the contributory regime influence them to choose the job they make after retirement. The importance of this study lies in the fact that it seeks to understand how representations about work generate in the older adult population (PAM) the decision to take on specific jobs according to their social conditions. To carry out the investigation, we worked with a sample composed of 15 older adults, chosen through a non-probabilistic sample, applying the method called chain sample or network (snowball). These people have the following characteristics: being adults elderly, retired from the contributory regime, dedicated to working productively or reproductively and who reside in the Bernardo Benavides community, located in the province of Heredia, in the vicinity of the new Hospital San Vicente de Paul and the Central Cemetery of the province of Heredia. Next, it is detailed the structure and organization of this research. Chapter I presents the construction of the object of study; in addition, the justification is exposed, which includes the sociological importance of the research, as well as its importance and the innovative nature of the subject in research sociology in Costa Rica. Chapter II presents the frame of reference, which details the social context in which the social, economic, political and religious change developed around the life of the PAM, as well as the concepts that are used to make reference to this population. In addition, the change that has been developed is shown regarding people's perception of PAMs in society, through the process of his retirement and, on the other hand, on the economic aspect that pensions entail. Chapter III presents the state of the art in relation to the subject of research. A general count of the different investigations is carried out related to this, which are presented from their specialties and from the different topics raised. The chapter concludes with a comparative analysis of the different lines of research and the different points of view developed, which allows identifying the existence of thematic gaps that validate the importance of this study. Works developed in the field of sociology, to later complement with the investigations of other disciplines such as psychology, anthropology, medicine, gerontology, guidance and education, among others. In chapter IV, the theoretical framework used for the description and analysis of the research problem and details the perspective from which it is raises the study and chapter V includes the methodological strategy and the techniques used. Chapter VI presents and details the analysis of the information collected, the which is composed of a characterization of the PAM, starting from the aspects sociodemographic data extracted during the execution process. For its part, in the Chapter VII details the results of the first objective; the thrown data explain the role of social representations (SR) in the retired PAM of the contributory regime that works after retirement. Chapter VIII explains how SRs mediate PAM retired from the regime tax to position themselves to work productively or reproductively and the chapter IX details how the condition of retirees of the contributory regime affects in the PAM to choose to engage in productive or reproductive work. Finally, chapter X presents the general conclusions to which comes from the data obtained and its corresponding analysis, as well as a series of recommendations addressed to people in general, to the different public and private institutions, among others
This research identifies and analyzes the way in which the social representations of work held by adults Older retirees of the contributory regime influence them to choose the job they make after retirement. The importance of this study lies in the fact that it seeks to understand how representations about work generate in the older adult population (PAM) the decision to take on specific jobs according to their social conditions. To carry out the investigation, we worked with a sample composed of 15 older adults, chosen through a non-probabilistic sample, applying the method called chain sample or network (snowball). These people have the following characteristics: being adults elderly, retired from the contributory regime, dedicated to working productively or reproductively and who reside in the Bernardo Benavides community, located in the province of Heredia, in the vicinity of the new Hospital San Vicente de Paul and the Central Cemetery of the province of Heredia. Next, it is detailed the structure and organization of this research. Chapter I presents the construction of the object of study; in addition, the justification is exposed, which includes the sociological importance of the research, as well as its importance and the innovative nature of the subject in research sociology in Costa Rica. Chapter II presents the frame of reference, which details the social context in which the social, economic, political and religious change developed around the life of the PAM, as well as the concepts that are used to make reference to this population. In addition, the change that has been developed is shown regarding people's perception of PAMs in society, through the process of his retirement and, on the other hand, on the economic aspect that pensions entail. Chapter III presents the state of the art in relation to the subject of research. A general count of the different investigations is carried out related to this, which are presented from their specialties and from the different topics raised. The chapter concludes with a comparative analysis of the different lines of research and the different points of view developed, which allows identifying the existence of thematic gaps that validate the importance of this study. Works developed in the field of sociology, to later complement with the investigations of other disciplines such as psychology, anthropology, medicine, gerontology, guidance and education, among others. In chapter IV, the theoretical framework used for the description and analysis of the research problem and details the perspective from which it is raises the study and chapter V includes the methodological strategy and the techniques used. Chapter VI presents and details the analysis of the information collected, the which is composed of a characterization of the PAM, starting from the aspects sociodemographic data extracted during the execution process. For its part, in the Chapter VII details the results of the first objective; the thrown data explain the role of social representations (SR) in the retired PAM of the contributory regime that works after retirement. Chapter VIII explains how SRs mediate PAM retired from the regime tax to position themselves to work productively or reproductively and the chapter IX details how the condition of retirees of the contributory regime affects in the PAM to choose to engage in productive or reproductive work. Finally, chapter X presents the general conclusions to which comes from the data obtained and its corresponding analysis, as well as a series of recommendations addressed to people in general, to the different public and private institutions, among others
Descripción
Palabras clave
HEREDIA (COSTA RICA), VEJEZ, OLD AGE, JUBILACIÓN, RETIREMENT, CALIDAD DE VIDA, QUALITY OF LIFE, JOB