Utilización de la yuca (manihot esculenta Crantz), como sustituto de la melaza en la obtención del alcohol etílico, en la Fabrica Nacional de Licores.
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Fecha
2003
Autores
Alfaro Bolaños, Bolívar
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Editor
Universidad Nacional (Costa Rica)
Resumen
En este trabajo se analizó la alternativa de utilizar la yuca (Manihot esculenta Crantz), como sustituto de la melaza subproducto de la industrialización de la caña de azúcar (Saccharum officinarum), en la obtención del alcohol etílico de la Fabrica Nacional de Licores (FANAL). Para cumplir con esta meta se plantearon una serie de objetivos específicos en los que destacan: cálculos de rentabilidad de la yuca en cuanto a rendimiento en la producción de alcohol. Estudio a cerca de los aspectos generales de las enzimas principalmente de las a amilasas. Evaluación del funcionamiento y capacidad del equipo existente en FANAL para fermentar almidón. Analizar el efluente y la calidad del mismo para que cumpla con los parámetros establecidos. Se realizaron fermentaciones experimentales con concentraciones promedio de 6,34 y 11,2% de almidón con el fin de evaluar las eficiencias fermentativas y el rendimientos de la yuca como sustrato para la fermentación. Los resultados obtenidos de 213 litros de alcohol por tonelada de yuca superan los resultados obtenidos en Brasil y que son de 190 litros por tonelada de yuca y que son reportados por (Freijao Teixeira. 2001). Entre los principales resultados obtenidos se encuentra que es factible para la FANAL, continuar con estudios más detallados para la utilización de la yuca como sustrato para la fermentación. Además de que esta alternativa brinda la oportunidad de la utilización de los sólidos en el engorde de ganado vacuno o porcino, haciendo que el tratamiento del efluente sea barato y efectivo, además de lograr que el valor productivo de los terrenos sembrados de café aumente considerablemente al lograr obtener una cosecha de yuca sembrada entre las calles de café. Se recomienda llevar a cabo una investigación más amplia con respecto a la producción de las enzimas en la propia planta para bajar los costos de operación. Investigación en la utilización de otras fuentes de almidón como lo son: el banano verde, papa, mango verde, tiquizque, camote, sorgo, etc. principalmente en los picos altos de producción de estos productos.
In this work, the alternative of using cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz) was analyzed, as a substitute for molasses by-product of the industrialization of sugar cane (Saccharum officinarum), in obtaining ethyl alcohol from the National Liquor Factory (FANAL ). In order to meet this goal, a series of specific objectives were proposed, in which the following stand out: calculations of the profitability of cassava in terms of yield in the production of alcohol. Study about the general aspects of the enzymes mainly of the amylases. Evaluation of the functioning and capacity of the existing equipment at FANAL to ferment starch. Analyze the effluent and its quality so that it complies with the established parameters. Experimental fermentations were carried out with average concentrations of 6.34 and 11.2% of starch in order to evaluate the fermentation efficiencies and the yields of cassava as a substrate for fermentation. The results obtained from 213 liters of alcohol per ton of cassava exceed the results obtained in Brazil, which are 190 liters per ton of cassava and which are reported by (Freijao Teixeira. 2001). Among the main results obtained is that it is feasible for FANAL to continue with more detailed studies for the use of cassava as a substrate for fermentation. In addition to the fact that this alternative offers the opportunity to use solids in the fattening of cattle or pigs, making the effluent treatment cheap and effective, in addition to achieving that the productive value of the land planted with coffee increases considerably by manage to obtain a yucca crop planted among the coffee streets. Further investigation regarding in-plant production of the enzymes is recommended to lower operating costs. Research on the use of other sources of starch such as: green banana, potato, green mango, tiquizque, sweet potato, sorghum, etc. mainly in the high peaks of production of these products.
In this work, the alternative of using cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz) was analyzed, as a substitute for molasses by-product of the industrialization of sugar cane (Saccharum officinarum), in obtaining ethyl alcohol from the National Liquor Factory (FANAL ). In order to meet this goal, a series of specific objectives were proposed, in which the following stand out: calculations of the profitability of cassava in terms of yield in the production of alcohol. Study about the general aspects of the enzymes mainly of the amylases. Evaluation of the functioning and capacity of the existing equipment at FANAL to ferment starch. Analyze the effluent and its quality so that it complies with the established parameters. Experimental fermentations were carried out with average concentrations of 6.34 and 11.2% of starch in order to evaluate the fermentation efficiencies and the yields of cassava as a substrate for fermentation. The results obtained from 213 liters of alcohol per ton of cassava exceed the results obtained in Brazil, which are 190 liters per ton of cassava and which are reported by (Freijao Teixeira. 2001). Among the main results obtained is that it is feasible for FANAL to continue with more detailed studies for the use of cassava as a substrate for fermentation. In addition to the fact that this alternative offers the opportunity to use solids in the fattening of cattle or pigs, making the effluent treatment cheap and effective, in addition to achieving that the productive value of the land planted with coffee increases considerably by manage to obtain a yucca crop planted among the coffee streets. Further investigation regarding in-plant production of the enzymes is recommended to lower operating costs. Research on the use of other sources of starch such as: green banana, potato, green mango, tiquizque, sweet potato, sorghum, etc. mainly in the high peaks of production of these products.
Descripción
Alfaro Bolaños, B. (2003). Utilización de la yuca (manihot esculenta Crantz), como sustituto de la melaza en la obtención del alcohol etílico, en la Fabrica Nacional de Licores. [Tesis de Licenciatura]. Universidad Nacional, Costa Rica.
Palabras clave
FABRICA NACIONAL DE LICORES (COSTA RICA), MANIHOT ESCULENTA, INDUSTRIA LICORERA, LIQUOR INDUSTRY, MELAZA, MOLASSES, ETANOL